Developing ideas 课文精读 · 为什么是神农架
一、课文原文及逐段翻译
第1段
Good morning, everyone. It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here on behalf of the Be at One with Nature Association.
大家早上好。我很开心能代表"人与自然和谐相处协会"在这里发表演讲。
第2段
As we know, in 2016, Shennongjia made it onto the UNESCO World Heritage List. But there are so many important places not yet on this list. So you might ask: why Shennongjia? Is it its forests that stretch on and on like great green seas? Is it the legendary father of Chinese herbal medicine, Shennong, after whom the park is named? Or is it the mysterious creature called Yeren (wild man) that has captured the imagination of the world.
众所周知，神农架在2016年正式入选联合国教科文组织的《世界遗产名录》。世界上重要的地方那么多，但许多都没有被列入该名单。所以你可能会问：为什么是神农架？是因为它拥有像绿色海洋般广袤的森林吗？还是因为它是以中国草药之父神农命名？抑或是因为神秘的"野人"吸引了全世界的目光？
第3段
UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria required by the list. It contains a naturally-balanced environment that allows the many and various species to live and prosper. It is also one of the rare locations in the world where scientists can observe in real time the ecological and biological processes that occur as the plants and animals develop and evolve.
联合国教科文组织令神农架入选是因为它符合入选名录的两项标准：第一，它拥有一个自然平衡的环境，使许多不同的物种得以生存和繁衍。第二，它也是世界上人迹罕至之地，科学家们可以实时观察到植物和动物发展和进化过程中的生态学和生物学过程。
第4段
For the first criterion, Shennongjia is apparently one of the most complete "natural areas" in the world. The region rises from about 400 metres to over 3,000 metres above sea level, giving it the name the "Roof of Central China". The vast range in altitude results in a great variation in climatic conditions. This allows a wide variety of species to thrive. Some of the plants and animals have survived millions of years, and are regarded as living fossils.
就第一项标准而言，我们可以自豪地说神农架是世界上最"完整"的自然区域之一。该地区的海拔从大约400米上升到3,000多米，被称为"华中屋脊"。海拔的巨大差异导致了迥然不同的气候环境，使得大量不同的物种得以繁衍生息。一些动植物生存了数百万年，被视为活化石。
第5段
For the second criterion, we can see that Shennongjia has incredible biodiversity. Look at this slide. According to official statistics, over 3,000 plant species have been recorded there. This represents more than ten per cent of China's total floral richness. Shennongjia supports more than 600 vertebrate species including the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey and the Clouded Leopard. Additionally, around 4,300 insect species have been recorded.
对于第二个标准，我们可以看到神农架有着极丰富的生物多样性。请看这张幻灯片。根据官方统计，在神农架内有记录的植物物种超过3,000种，占到了中国全部开花植物的10%以上。神农架还有600多种脊椎动物，包括川金丝猴和云豹。此外，有记录的昆虫物种也达到了4,300种左右。
第6段
It is a challenge to look after so many species. In winter, scientists brave heavy snow and freezing temperatures to supply food to the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey. Thanks to their efforts the monkey's population has doubled since the 1980s. Their number reached over 1,300 in 2015 and continues to grow.
照顾如此多的物种是一项挑战。冬季，科学家们不畏暴雪和严寒为川金丝猴提供食物。也正是因为他们的付出，川金丝猴的数量相比于20世纪80年代增加了一倍，到2015年达到1,300多只，而且其数量还在持续增长。
第7段
But the most impressive aspect of Shennongjia is the local people, who take things from nature without causing damage. I visited a local village which is known for its home-made honey. What is special about the honey is that it is produced by the earliest species of Chinese bee. Every spring, the villagers place beehives around their houses to attract these wild bees from the forest. Although endangered elsewhere in China due to the invasion of foreign species, the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries. By providing the bees with a secure home, the villagers collect their honey in return. This is just one of the ways in which people of Shennongjia live and work in harmony with nature.
不过神农架给人印象最深的地方还在于当地人的生活方式，他们从大自然中索取，但不会破坏生态平衡。我去了一个以自制蜂蜜而闻名的当地村庄参观。这种蜂蜜的独特之处在于它是由最古老的一种中华蜜蜂产的。每年春天，村民们就会在自家周围放置些蜂箱，吸引森林中的野生蜜蜂。虽然在中国的其他地区，由于外来物种入侵，这种蜜蜂濒临灭绝，但是神农架的人们和这种蜜蜂已经共存了几个世纪，村民为它们提供安全住所，蜜蜂为人们提供蜂蜜。这只是神农架的村民与自然和谐相处的方式之一。
第8段
All of this explains why Shennongjia earned — and deserves — its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List, as well as highlighting how understanding, awareness and hard work have contributed towards protecting a unique and wonderful part of our natural world.
以上这些解释了为什么神农架能够并理应入选联合国教科文组织的《世界遗产名录》，同时也强调了人们的理解、认识和付出是如何促进对这一自然界独特且美好区域的保护的。
第9段
Thank you for listening. Now, does anyone have any questions?
感谢大家的聆听。现在大家有什么问题吗？
二、重点单词
lecture n.：演讲；讲座。It is my great pleasure to give a lecture.
heritage n.：遗产。the UNESCO World Heritage List
criterion n.：标准（复数为 criteria）。it meets two criteria required by the list
biodiversity n.：生物多样性。Shennongjia has incredible biodiversity
altitude n.：海拔；高度。The vast range in altitude
variation n.：变化；差异。a great variation in climatic conditions
thrive v.：繁荣；茁壮成长。allows a wide variety of species to thrive
fossil n.：化石。regarded as living fossils
vertebrate n.：脊椎动物。more than 600 vertebrate species
freezing adj.：严寒的；冰冷的。freezing temperatures
endangered adj.：濒危的。Although endangered elsewhere in China
coexist v.：共存；共处。have coexisted with the local people
secure adj.：安全的。providing the bees with a secure home
unique adj.：独特的。a unique and wonderful part of nature
三、一词多义与熟词生义
lecture 常见义"讲课、训话"，课文 give a lecture 指正式"演讲、讲座"，是发言场合用语。
status 常见"地位、身份状态"，课文 this status 指神农架获得的"世界遗产称号/地位"。
roof 常见"屋顶"，the "Roof of Central China" 比喻"华中屋脊"，因海拔高（3000+米）得名。
living 形容词常指"活着的、现存的"，living fossils 专指"活化石"——远古物种至今仍存活。
secure 常见"安全的、稳固的"，a secure home 此处指为蜜蜂提供的"安全（不受侵扰的）栖息所"。
slide 常见"滑梯、滑动"，课文 Look at this slide 指演讲用的"幻灯片（PPT页面）"。
四、重点词块
on behalf of 代表
make it onto the list 入选名录
World Heritage List 世界遗产名录
meet the criteria 符合标准
stretch on and on 绵延不绝
be named after 以……命名
capture the imagination 激发想象；引人遐想
in real time 实时
the Roof of Central China 华中屋脊
a wide variety of 各种各样的
living fossils 活化石
according to official statistics 根据官方统计
brave heavy snow 不畏暴雪
coexist with 与……共存
in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处
earn — and deserves — its place 赢得并理应获得其地位
五、长难句拆解
【原句 1】It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here on behalf of the Be at One with Nature Association.
【主干】It is my great pleasure to give a lecture.
【分层】It 为形式主语，真正主语是不定式 to give a lecture；here 与 on behalf of... 均为状语，后者说明代表的机构。
【译文】我很荣幸代表"人与自然和谐相处协会"在这里发表演讲。
【考点】It is + 名词 + to do 句型；形式主语；on behalf of 短语。
【原句 2】Is it its forests that stretch on and on like great green seas?
【主干】Is it its forests that stretch on and on...?（强调句疑问句）
【分层】这是强调句的一般疑问形式 Is it + 被强调部分 + that...；被强调成分为主语 its forests；that 后接定语从句 stretch on and on like great green seas 修饰 forests。
【译文】是因为它拥有像绿色海洋般广袤的森林吗？
【考点】强调句疑问句 Is it... that...；定语从句。
【原句 3】UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria required by the list.
【主干】UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status because...
【分层】主句为双宾语结构 award sb. sth.；because 引导原因状语从句；criteria 后接过去分词短语 required by the list 作后置定语。
【译文】联合国教科文组织授予神农架这一地位，因为它符合名录所要求的两项标准。
【考点】双宾语 award sb. sth.；because 原因状语从句；过去分词定语。
【原句 4】The region rises from about 400 metres to over 3,000 metres above sea level, giving it the name the "Roof of Central China".
【主干】The region rises from... to..., giving it the name...
【分层】from... to... 表范围；giving it the name... 为现在分词作结果状语，间接宾语 it 指 the region，the "Roof of Central China" 为 name 的同位语。
【译文】该地区海拔从约400米上升到3000多米，因此得名"华中屋脊"。
【考点】from... to... 范围；现在分词结果状语；同位语。
【原句 5】All of this explains why Shennongjia earned — and deserves — its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List, as well as highlighting how understanding, awareness and hard work have contributed towards protecting a unique part of our natural world.
【主干】All of this explains why..., as well as highlighting how...
【分层】explains 后接 why 宾语从句；as well as 连接并列成分 highlighting，其后是 how 引导的宾语从句；contributed towards protecting 中 towards 为介词后接动名词。
【译文】这一切解释了神农架为何能够并理应入选世遗名录，也凸显了理解、认识与付出如何助力保护这片自然奇境。
【考点】why / how 宾语从句；as well as 并列；介词 towards + doing。
六、语法点清单
1. It is + 名词 + to do（形式主语）
It is my great pleasure to give a lecture。it 替代不定式，使句子平衡。
2. 强调句（Is it ... that ...）
Is it its forests that stretch...? 强调主语；注意一般疑问形式将 Is it 提前。
3. 原因状语从句（because）
UNESCO awarded... because it meets two criteria。because 表直接原因。
4. 现在分词作结果状语
giving it the name...；highlighting how...。分词动作由主语发出，表自然结果或伴随。
5. 定语从句（that / which / whom）
the park is named after (whom)；a local village which is known for...；species that occur。注意 whom 指 Shennong（人）。
6. 并列与衔接（as well as / but / thanks to）
as well as 连接并列；But the most impressive... 转折引出人文；thanks to 表原因。
七、逻辑链
开场（第1段）：问候听众，代表协会发表演讲
↓
设问（第2段）：2016年入选世遗，为何是神农架？森林 / 神农 / 野人三问引发兴趣
↓
总因（第3段）：符合两项标准——自然平衡环境 + 可实时观察生态演化
↓
标准一（第4段）：最完整自然区，海拔差异大、气候多样、物种繁盛、活化石众多
↓
标准二（第5—6段）：极丰富生物多样性（3000+植物、600+脊椎动物）；保护挑战与金丝猴数量翻倍
↓
人文（第7段）：当地人取予有度，中华蜜蜂共存数世纪，和谐共生
↓
总结（第8—9段）：解释其当选且应得，强调理解、认识与付出之功；致谢提问
这是一篇"演讲词+说明"的文体：第1—2段以设问抓人；第3—7段是主体，先总后分阐释两项入选标准，并以金丝猴与村民养蜂为例充实；第8段收束点题，呼应"人与自然和谐"的协会宗旨。
八、写作迁移
模板 1：It is my great pleasure to ... on behalf of ...
课文：It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here on behalf of the Association.
仿写：It is my great pleasure to share my view on behalf of our research team.（我十分荣幸代表研究团队分享观点。）——用于演讲/发言开场。
模板 2：So you might ask: why ...? Is it ...? Or is it ...?
课文：So you might ask: why Shennongjia? Is it its forests...? Or is it the mysterious creature...?
仿写：So you might ask: why this city? Is it its history? Or is it its food?（你或许会问：为何是这座城？是它的历史？还是它的美食？）——用于设问引出主题。
模板 3：... meets two criteria required by ...
课文：it meets two criteria required by the list.
仿写：The plan meets the safety standards required by the law.（该方案符合法律所规定的安全标准。）——用于说明达标。
模板 4：The region rises from ... to ..., giving it the name ...
课文：The region rises from about 400 metres to over 3,000 metres, giving it the name the "Roof of Central China".
仿写：The river flows from the mountains to the plain, giving it the name "Silver Ribbon".（这条河从山地流向平原，得名"银带"。）——用于描写地理特征并命名。
模板 5：... have coexisted with ... for centuries.
课文：the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries.
仿写：These traditions have coexisted with modern life for generations.（这些传统与现代生活共存了数代之久。）——用于说明长久共生。
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