Lesson 1 课文精读 · 杰作
一、课文原文及逐段翻译
第1段
The Starry Night was painted in June 1889 when Vincent van Gogh was staying at a home for the mentally ill. Van Gogh painted what he saw from his window—the night sky with clouds, stars and a moon. However, he didn't just paint the clouds. He also painted the massive circles of white and yellow racing across the sky. The stars and the moon hang bright in the night sky. Beneath this amazing sky, we see a sleeping village and a dark, lonely tree.
《星空》是文森特·凡·高（Vincent van Gogh）于1889年6月在一家精神病院里创作的。凡·高画了他看到的窗外景象——有云、星星和月亮的夜空。然而，除了云之外，他还在天空中画了相互追逐的巨大白色和黄色光圈。星星和月亮在夜空中熠熠生辉。在这片神奇的夜空下，我们看到了一个沉睡的村庄和一棵黑暗孤独的树。
第2段
His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Gogh's mental illness may have affected his sense of sight. He also took a drug that can make people see yellow spots, just like the stars in The Starry Night.
凡·高对色彩的应用很不寻常，专家们认为精神疾病可能影响了他的视力。他还服用过一种药物，可以让人看到黄色斑点，就像《星空》中的星星那样。
第3段
Unfortunately, Van Gogh's unique paintings weren't very popular and he only sold one painting in his lifetime. He also thought The Starry Night was a failure. However, the fact remains that The Starry Night is now one of the world's most famous paintings.
不幸的是，凡·高独特的画作在当时并不是很受欢迎，他有生之年只卖出了一幅画。他还认为《星空》是一幅失败的作品，而现在《星空》是世界最著名的画作之一。
第4段
The Scream was painted by Edvard Munch in 1893. What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear—the figure's mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream. The figure covers his or her ears and looks directly at the viewer. This figure is set on a bridge above a dark, stormy sea, and against a burning orange-red sky.
《呐喊》是爱德华·蒙克（Edvard Munch）于1893年创作的。这幅画富有冲击力，画中有一个表情恐惧的瘦弱身影——嘴巴大张，正发出强烈的尖叫声。这个人捂住了自己的耳朵，直直地看向观众。人物被设置在一座桥上，桥下是漆黑的、翻滚的海面，背景是燃烧的橙红色天空。
第5段
In his diary, Munch talked about what inspired him. "I was walking down the road with two friends when the sun set; suddenly the sky turned as red as blood... I stood there shaking. Then I heard the scream of nature."
蒙克在他的日记中谈到了灵感的来源，"太阳落山时，我和两个朋友一起顺着路走，天空突然变得像血一样红……我站在那里颤抖着，然后听到了大自然的尖叫声。"
第6段
Many experts say that The Scream is connected to Munch's mental health problems, which caused him a lot of pain.
许多专家说，《呐喊》与给蒙克带来巨大痛苦的心理健康问题有关。
第7段
The Empire of Light is a series of paintings by Belgian artist René Magritte. Between 1953 and 1954, he painted the same scene 27 times. It shows a beautiful house lit by lights from inside, surrounded by the darkness of night. What is strange is that above the house and the tree, we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds. It seems like quite a mysterious scene.
《灯之王国》是比利时画家勒内·马格利特（Rene Magritte）的一系列绘画作品。1953年至1954年间，同样的场景他画了27次。画中有一座美丽的房子，房子里充满了灯光，外面被夜晚的黑暗包围。奇怪的是，在房子和树木之上，我们看到明亮的天空和柔软的白云。这个场景看起来非常奇异。
第8段
Magritte was a painter inspired by his thoughts and ideas. His paintings were visual experiments as he tried to play with reality. His view was that art should shock the viewers and challenge their sense of reality.
马格利特的灵感来自于个人的思想和想法。他尝试戏谑现实，他的画作是一个个视觉实验。他认为艺术应该震撼观众并挑战他们对现实的观感。
第9段
The Empire of Light has produced different reactions in viewers. Some feel that the paintings look dark and troubling. Others, however, find them calming. As for Magritte himself, he thought that the change between day and night in the paintings was surprising. "I call this power poetry," he said.
观众对《灯之王国》的反应不同。有些人觉得这些画看起来很黑暗，令人不安。而有些人则觉得这些画让人感到平静。马格利特本人认为画作中白天和黑夜之间的变化令人惊讶。他说："我称之为诗意的力量。"
二、重点单词
masterpiece n.：杰作；代表作。Unit 7 Lesson 1 Masterpieces（杰作）
massive adj.：巨大的。the massive circles of white and yellow
racing v-ing：飞驰；疾驰。racing across the sky（划过天空）
beneath prep.：在……下方。Beneath this amazing sky
mental adj.：精神的；智力的。a home for the mentally ill（精神病院）
affect v.：影响。mental illness may have affected his sense of sight
drug n.：药物。He also took a drug that can make people see yellow spots.
unique adj.：独特的；独一无二的。Van Gogh's unique paintings
lifetime n.：一生；终身。he only sold one painting in his lifetime
failure n.：失败。He thought The Starry Night was a failure.
striking adj.：引人注目的；惊人的。What makes it striking is that ...
figure n.：人影；人物；数字。a thin figure with an expression of fear
expression n.：表情；表达。an expression of fear
scream n. / v.：尖叫。letting out a powerful scream
stormy adj.：暴风雨的；汹涌的。a dark, stormy sea
inspire v.：启发；赋予灵感。Munch talked about what inspired him.
mysterious adj.：神秘的。quite a mysterious scene
reaction n.：反应。has produced different reactions in viewers
三、一词多义与熟词生义
figure 常见义为"数字"，课文中 a thin figure 指"（画中瘦弱的）人影、身影"，属于熟词生义，多用于描写艺术形象。
drug 常见义为"毒品"，课文中 He also took a drug 指"（治疗用的）药物"，需依语境判断褒贬。
failure 除"失败"外还可指"失败的人或物"，课文中 The Starry Night was a failure 意为"一幅失败的作品"。
striking 由动词 strike（击打）派生，本义"击打的"，引申为"给人强烈冲击的、惊人的"，What makes it striking 即"它的震撼之处"。
race 常见义为"赛跑、种族"，课文中 racing across the sky 用作动词，指光圈"飞速掠过"，是拟动化用法。
power 常见义"力量、权力"，课文 I call this power poetry 中指画作产生的"感染力、魅力"。
四、重点词块
a home for the mentally ill 精神病院
paint what one saw 画出所见之物（what 宾语从句）
racing across the sky 划过天空
lead sb to do 使某人认为/去做
a sense of sight 视觉
in one's lifetime 在某人有生之年
the fact remains that ... 事实依然是……
let out a scream 发出尖叫
look directly at 直直地看向
be set on a bridge 被设置在一座桥上
against a burning orange-red sky 以燃烧的橙红色天空为背景
be connected to 与……有关联
a series of 一系列
play with reality 戏谑现实
challenge one's sense of reality 挑战某人对现实的观感
五、长难句拆解
【原句 1】The Starry Night was painted in June 1889 when Vincent van Gogh was staying at a home for the mentally ill.
【主干】The Starry Night was painted in June 1889.
【分层】主句为一般过去时被动语态；when 引导定语从句修饰 June 1889，从句用过去进行时 was staying 表示当时正在住院疗养的状态。
【译文】《星空》是文森特·凡·高于1889年6月在一家精神病院里创作的。
【考点】被动语态；when 定语从句；过去进行时。
【原句 2】He also painted the massive circles of white and yellow racing across the sky.
【主干】He painted the massive circles of white and yellow.
【分层】racing across the sky 为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 circles，相当于 which were racing ...，表示光圈正在划过天空的动态感。
【译文】他还在天空中画了相互追逐的巨大白色和黄色光圈。
【考点】现在分词作后置定语；形容词 massive 前置修饰。
【原句 3】What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear.
【主干】What makes it striking is that ...
【分层】What makes it striking 是 what 引导的主语从句，在从句中 what 作主语；that 引导表语从句；with an expression of fear 为介词短语作后置定语修饰 figure。
【译文】这幅画富有冲击力，它画了一个表情恐惧的瘦弱身影。
【考点】what 主语从句；that 表语从句；with 复合结构作定语。
【原句 4】This figure is set on a bridge above a dark, stormy sea, and against a burning orange-red sky.
【主干】This figure is set on a bridge ... and against ... .
【分层】is set 为被动语态，表示"被安置"；above ... 与 against ... 为两个并列的介词短语，分别交代下方海面与背景天空，and 连接并列结构。
【译文】人物被设置在一座桥上，桥下是漆黑汹涌的海面，背景是燃烧的橙红色天空。
【考点】被动语态；介词短语并列作状语；against 表"以……为背景"。
【原句 5】Many experts say that The Scream is connected to Munch's mental health problems, which caused him a lot of pain.
【主干】Many experts say that ... .
【分层】that 引导宾语从句；which caused him a lot of pain 为非限制性定语从句，which 指代先行词 mental health problems，him 为间接宾语，a lot of pain 为直接宾语。
【译文】许多专家说，《呐喊》与给蒙克带来巨大痛苦的心理健康问题有关。
【考点】that 宾语从句；which 非限制性定语从句；双宾语结构。
【原句 6】It shows a beautiful house lit by lights from inside, surrounded by the darkness of night.
【主干】It shows a beautiful house.
【分层】lit by lights from inside 为过去分词短语作后置定语（表被动，"被屋内灯光照亮的"）；surrounded by the darkness of night 亦为过去分词短语作定语，两个分词并列描绘房子"内亮外暗"的对比。
【译文】画中有一座被屋内灯光照亮、又被夜的黑暗包围的美丽房子。
【考点】过去分词作后置定语（被动含义）；by 引出逻辑主语。
六、语法点清单
1. 一般过去时被动语态
The Starry Night was painted ... / The Scream was painted by Edvard Munch，介绍名画创作时间与作者时，主语（画作）是动作承受者，须用 was/were painted。
2. when 引导的定语从句
in June 1889 when Vincent van Gogh was staying ...，when 在从句中作时间状语，先行词是时间名词。
3. what 引导的主语从句与宾语从句
What makes it striking is that ...（主语从句）；Van Gogh painted what he saw from his window（宾语从句）；Munch talked about what inspired him（介词宾语从句）。what 在从句中充当主语或宾语。
4. 现在分词与过去分词作后置定语
circles racing across the sky（现在分词，主动、进行）；a house lit by lights / surrounded by darkness（过去分词，被动）。分词前置还是后置取决于其与名词的逻辑关系。
5. which 引导的非限制性定语从句
... mental health problems, which caused him a lot of pain，which 指代整个先行词，逗号不可省，不能用 that。
6. as 引导的时间/原因状语从句
His paintings were visual experiments as he tried to play with reality，as 表"随着/由于"，连接两个同时发生的情况。
7. that 引导的表语从句
His view was that art should shock the viewers and challenge their sense of reality；the fact remains that ...，that 不可省略。
七、逻辑链
《星空》开篇（第1段）：画于1889年精神病院 → 描绘窗外夜空与光圈、村庄
↓
《星空》解读（第2—3段）：色彩反常或与精神疾病、药物有关 → 生前仅卖一画、自认失败 → 如今却是世界名画
↓
《呐喊》画面（第4段）：恐惧的瘦弱身影、张口尖叫，桥、海、橙红天空
↓
《呐喊》溯源（第5—6段）：日记揭示灵感源于血色黄昏 → 专家认为与心理健康问题相关
↓
《灯之王国》画面（第7段）：马格利特重复描绘27次 → 屋内灯光与白天天空并存的奇景
↓
《灯之王国》理念（第8—9段）：艺术应震撼观众、挑战现实感 → 观众反应不一，画家称之为"诗意的力量"
本文是典型的"艺术鉴赏"类说明文，采用"一画一节"的平行结构：第1—3段写梵高《星空》的画面与身世；第4—6段写蒙克《呐喊》的视觉冲击与灵感来源；第7—9段写马格利特《灯之王国》的超现实构思与观者反应。每节均按"画面描述→创作背景/心理→影响评价"的顺序展开。
八、写作迁移
模板 1：... was painted in + 年份 when ...
课文：The Starry Night was painted in June 1889 when Vincent van Gogh was staying at a home for the mentally ill.
仿写：The painting was created in 2020 when people were fighting against the pandemic.（这幅画创作于2020年，那时人们正在抗击疫情。）——用于介绍作品创作背景。
模板 2：What makes it striking is that ...
课文：What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear.
仿写：What makes the photo moving is that it shows an old teacher still working at his desk.（这张照片的动人之处在于它展现了一位老教师仍在伏案工作。）——用于突出作品最打动人的特征。
模板 3：However, the fact remains that ...
课文：However, the fact remains that The Starry Night is now one of the world's most famous paintings.
仿写：However, the fact remains that hard work is the key to success.（然而，事实依然是努力是成功的关键。）——用于转折后强调不变的事实。
模板 4：Some feel that ... Others, however, find ...
课文：Some feel that the paintings look dark and troubling. Others, however, find them calming.
仿写：Some feel that online learning is convenient. Others, however, find it distracting.（有人觉得网课方便，也有人觉得它容易分心。）——用于呈现两种对立观点。
模板 5：One's view was that ... should ... and ...
课文：His view was that art should shock the viewers and challenge their sense of reality.
仿写：Her view was that music should touch people's hearts and bring them hope.（她的观点是音乐应打动人心并带来希望。）——用于表达某人的理念主张。
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