Lesson 1 课文精读 · 根与芽
一、课文原文及逐段翻译
第1段
Most people suffer from what is known as "Just-me-ism". What is that? Well, say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth, leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up. You know that all those things are wrong, but so what? "What difference can it possibly make?" you say to yourself. "There are millions of people in the world and I'm just me. How can it matter if I leave one little tap running, one little light on or leave a little piece of litter on the road? And anyway, no one will know." Of course, it wouldn't matter if there were just a few people in the world. But just think of all the millions of people saying to themselves: "It doesn't matter. It's just me. And, anyway, no one knows." Millions of gallons of water would be wasted; millions of lights would be left on; millions of pieces of litter would be dropped. And all of this would be very harmful.
大多数人都患有一种所谓的"就我一个主义"。那是什么意思？比如刷牙时让水龙头一直流着、出门不关灯，或者掉了垃圾也懒得捡。你知道这都不对，可那又怎样？"能有多大差别？"你对自己说，"世上几十亿人，我不过是我。我让一个小水龙头流着、留一盏小灯、丢一小片垃圾，又有什么关系？反正也没人知道。"当然，世上若只有少数几个人，确实无所谓。可想想几百万人都在说："没关系，就我一个，反正没人知道。"那么几百万加仑的水会被浪费，几百万盏灯会白亮着，几百万片垃圾会被丢下——这一切都极为有害。
第2段
To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots was established. This institute was set up in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Goodall, a scientist who's the world's best-known expert on wild chimpanzees. In addition to her research, she has been whole-heartedly committed to environmental protection. The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is to educate young people, from pre-schoolers to university students, so they can help to build a future that is secure and live together in peace with nature.
为激励年轻人为环境、动物和社区行动起来，"根与芽"成立了。该机构由珍·古道尔博士于20世纪90年代初创办，她是世界上研究野生黑猩猩最著名的科学家。除科研之外，她还全身心投入环保。"根与芽"的宗旨是教育从学龄前儿童到大学生的年轻人，使他们能够共建安全的未来，与自然和平共处。
第3段
The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation, and shoots seem small and weak, but they can break open brick walls to reach the light. The roots and shoots are you, your friends and young people all around the world. Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems, change the world and make it a better place to live in.
组织取名"根与芽"，因为根在地下缓缓延伸、形成坚实的基础；芽虽小而弱，却能顶开砖墙迎接阳光。根与芽就是你、你的朋友和世界各地的年轻人。成千上万的根与芽能解决问题、改变世界，让它更宜居。
第4段
Do you think you help to make the world a better place when you make a sad person smile, when you make a dog wag its tail, and when you water a thirsty plant? One cheered-up person, one happy dog, one flowering plant, and you. That's what Roots & Shoots is all about: the value and importance of each individual—human, animal or plant. Dr. Jane Goodall believes that the most important thing is that: "Every individual matters. Every individual has a role to play. Every individual makes a difference." You get to choose: Do you want to use your life to make the world a better place for people, animals and the environment? Do you want to make Roots & Shoots rooted in everyone's heart? Do you want to be a part of a community for a shared future? You cannot be absent.
当你让悲伤的人露出笑容、让狗摇起尾巴、给干渴的植物浇水时，你觉得世界变美好了吗？一个振作的人、一只快乐的狗、一株开花的植物，还有你——这就是"根与芽"的全部：人、动物、植物每一个个体的价值与重要。古道尔认为，最重要的是："每个个体都重要，每个个体都有自己的角色，每个个体都能带来改变。"你可以选择：是否用一生为人、动物和环境把世界变得更好？是否让"根与芽"扎根于每个人心中？是否成为共建未来共同体的一员？你不能缺席。
第5段（名言）
It is by acting together, in this exciting way, that we can involve thousands—millions—of people, and this is what is going to change the world. —Jane Goodall
正是以这种令人振奋的方式共同行动，我们才能让成千上万乃至千百万人参与其中，而这正是改变世界的力量。——珍·古道尔
二、重点单词
suffer v.：遭受；受苦。suffer from "Just-me-ism"
bother v.：费心；麻烦。can't be bothered to pick it up
litter n.：垃圾。drop a piece of litter
harmful adj.：有害的。all of this would be very harmful
inspire v.：激励；鼓舞。inspire young people to take action
establish v.：建立；创办。Roots & Shoots was established
institute n.：机构；研究院。This institute was set up ...
expert n.：专家。the best-known expert on wild chimpanzees
commit v.：投入；献身。has been committed to environmental protection
secure adj.：安全的；稳固的。a future that is secure
foundation n.：基础。make a firm foundation
individual n.：个体。the value of each individual
involve v.：使参与。involve thousands of people
三、一词多义与熟词生义
root 本义"根"，课文既指植物之根，又引申为动词"扎根"：make Roots & Shoots rooted in everyone's heart。
shoot 常见义"射击；投篮"，课文作名词指"芽；嫩枝"，与 root 并列，象征微小却有生命力。
matter 常见义为名词"事情"，课文 How can it matter? 与 Every individual matters 均作动词，意为"要紧"。
run 常见义"跑；经营"，课文 leave the tap running 中意为"（水）一直流着"，指持续运转。
commit 常见义"犯（罪）"，课文 be committed to 意为"致力于、投身于"，为褒义搭配。
四、重点词块
suffer from 患有；遭受
be known as 被称为
leave the tap running 让水龙头一直流着
can't be bothered to do 懒得做某事
make a difference 有影响；起作用
say to oneself 心里想
take action for 为……采取行动
be set up 被建立
in addition to 除……之外（还）
be committed to 致力于
live in peace with 与……和平共处
break open 冲破；撞开
have a role to play 能发挥作用
act together 共同行动
五、长难句拆解
【原句 1】Most people suffer from what is known as "Just-me-ism".
【主干】Most people suffer from ...
【分层】介词 from 后接 what 引导的宾语从句，what 在从句中作主语；is known as 为被动结构，意为"被称作"。
【译文】大多数人都患有一种所谓的"就我一个主义"。
【考点】介词后接 what 名词性从句。
【原句 2】Of course, it wouldn't matter if there were just a few people in the world.
【主干】it wouldn't matter ...
【分层】it 为形式主语，真正主语是 if 条件从句；从句用 were 而非 was，是虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的假设；wouldn't matter 为虚拟结果。
【译文】当然，世上若只有少数几个人，确实无所谓。
【考点】形式主语；虚拟条件句（if + 过去式，would + 动词原形）。
【原句 3】This institute was set up in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Goodall, a scientist who's the world's best-known expert on wild chimpanzees.
【主干】This institute was set up by Dr. Jane Goodall.
【分层】was set up 为一般过去时被动，by 引出执行者；a scientist 是同位语，后接 who 引导的定语从句作主语。
【译文】该机构由珍·古道尔博士于20世纪90年代初创办，她是世界上研究野生黑猩猩最著名的科学家。
【考点】被动语态 + by；同位语；who 定语从句。
【原句 4】It is by acting together, in this exciting way, that we can involve thousands—millions—of people.
【主干】It is ... that we can involve ... people.
【分层】强调句型，被强调部分是方式状语 by acting together, in this exciting way；by 后接动名词 acting；破折号中 thousands—millions— 表递进。去掉 It is 和 that，句子仍完整，可据此判断强调句。
【译文】正是以这种令人振奋的方式共同行动，我们才能让成千上万乃至千百万人参与其中。
【考点】强调句强调状语；by + doing。
六、语法点清单
1. 强调句型 It is ... that ...
It is by acting together ... that we can involve ... people. 强调方式状语，是全文点题句，也是本课最典型的句式。
2. 虚拟条件句
it wouldn't matter if there were just a few people。从句用 were，主句用 would + 动词原形，表示与现在事实相反；文中"就我一个"的心态正是对这一假设的现实反驳。
3. would + be + 过去分词（虚拟结果中的被动）
water would be wasted；lights would be left on；litter would be dropped。三个并列被动句构成排比，写出心态累积后的后果。
4. what 引导的名词性从句
what is known as "Just-me-ism"（介词宾语）；That's what Roots & Shoots is all about（表语从句）。what 在从句中充当主语或宾语。
5. 定语从句与非谓语
a scientist who's ... expert；a future that is secure；To inspire ...（句首目的状语）；is to educate ...（不定式作表语）。
七、逻辑链
破题（第1段）：提出"就我一个主义" → 用刷牙、开灯、丢垃圾三个场景坐实 → 假设人人都这样想，推出水、电、垃圾三重浪费
↓
立论（第2段）：为激励年轻人行动，"根与芽"成立 → 交代创办人、时间与宗旨
↓
释义（第3段）：解释名称由来 → 根扎基础、芽破砖墙 → 根与芽即世界各地的年轻人
↓
升华（第4段）：由微笑、摇尾、浇水落到"每个个体的价值" → 三句名言 → 三个排比问句 + You cannot be absent
↓
收束（第5段）：名言点题，强调共同行动才能改变世界
全文是"破—立—释—升—收"的倡议型论说文：第1段破"个人无用"的消极心态；第2—3段立起组织并解释象征意义；第4段由小事上升到个体价值，是情感与说理的高点；第5段引文收束，把"个体"与"共同行动"扣在一起，回应开头。
八、写作迁移
模板 1：Most people suffer from what is known as ...
课文：Most people suffer from what is known as "Just-me-ism".
仿写：Most students suffer from what is known as "exam anxiety".——用于开篇点出一种普遍现象。
模板 2：Of course, it wouldn't matter if ... But just think of all the ...
课文：it wouldn't matter if there were just a few people in the world. But just think of all the millions of people ...
仿写：Of course, it wouldn't matter if only one person wasted a bottle. But just think of all the millions of bottles thrown away every day.——用于"先让步、再放大"的论证。
模板 3：To inspire ... to take action for ..., ... was established.
课文：To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots was established.
仿写：To encourage teenagers to take action for road safety, a volunteer club was established.——用于介绍组织或活动的由来。
模板 4：It is by doing ..., that we can ...
课文：It is by acting together, in this exciting way, that we can involve thousands—millions—of people.
仿写：It is by starting with small habits that we can protect the environment we live in.——用于结尾强调方式、收束全文。
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