Unit 6 课文精读 · The Admirable（A Medical Pioneer / The Superhero Behind Superman）
一、课文原文及逐段翻译
【课文一】A Medical Pioneer 医学先锋
第1段
At the Nobel Prize Lecture on 7 December, 2015, an 84-year-old Chinese woman walked slowly on to the stage. She began to talk about the life-saving drug, artemisinin, which she had discovered with the help of her team in the 1970s. The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work. A scientist who was on the Nobel Prize Committee called Hans Forssberg explained that "the discovery of artemisinin has led to the development of new drugs which have saved the lives of millions". When thanking the Committee for the honour, Tu Youyou said, "This is not only an honour for myself, but also recognition and encouragement for all scientists in China."
在2015年12月7日的诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼上，一位84岁高龄的中国老奶奶慢慢地走上领奖台。她开始介绍挽救生命的青蒿素，这是她在团队的帮助下于20世纪70年代发现的一种药。这位女士就是屠呦呦，是中国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。诺贝尔奖委员会的一位名叫汉斯·福斯伯格的科学家解释说："青蒿素的发现使得新药得以开发，这些药物拯救了数百万人的生命。"屠呦呦感谢诺委会授予她如此殊荣，她说："这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。"
第2段
Tu Youyou was born in Zhejiang Province, China, on 30 December, 1930. She studied medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre. After graduation, she became a member of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. Later, she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices.
1930年12月30日，屠呦呦出生于中国浙江省。她曾在北京大学健康科学中心学习医学。毕业后，她成为中医研究院的一员。后来，她跟随该领域的专家学习了两年半的中医学，从中对传统医学有了深刻的了解。
第3段
In 1969, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria—a disease that killed millions of people every year. Across the world, scientists had been trying to find a cure. They tested more than 240,000 chemicals with no success. However, Tu Youyou had an idea that Chinese herbs might hold the secret. She studied ancient Chinese medical literature and visited experts in traditional Chinese medicine. She researched hundreds of traditional recipes connected to anti-malarial cures. Then Tu Youyou and her team began using modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one.
1969年，屠呦呦被选中组建一个团队来寻找疟疾的治疗方法，疟疾每年导致数百万人死亡。世界各地的科学家都在试图找到治疗方法。他们已经测试了超过24万种化学物质，仍然没有成功。屠呦呦认为中药可能会起作用。她研究了古代中医的医学文献，拜访了传统中医界的专家。她研究了数百种与抗疟疾治疗有关的传统配方。随后，屠呦呦和她的团队开始采用现代的研究方法对这些中草药逐一进行研究。
第4段
This was not an easy task. The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources. They did not have enough staff, and the laboratory in which they worked had poor air quality. However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they eventually came across a promising chemical. It worked well in experiments on animals, but they had to know if it was safe for humans. Tu Youyou bravely volunteered to be the first human subject when they were ready to start testing and the rest of her team followed her. The test was a success. The medicine they discovered, artemisinin, has now become the world's most effective drug for fighting malaria.
这不是一项容易的任务，因为团队资源有限。他们没有足够的工作人员，工作的实验室空气质量很差。然而，经过数百次失败的实验，他们最终发现了一种有前景的化学物质。这种物质在动物实验中效果很好，但他们必须知道它对人类是否安全。当他们准备开始测试时，屠呦呦勇敢地志愿成为第一个人类实验对象，团队中的其他人也紧随其后。这次测试很成功。她们发现的药物青蒿素现在已经成为世界上抗击疟疾最有效的药物。
第5段
Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame, she has become a scientist whose work is internationally renowned. In 2019, she was selected by the BBC as one of the most influential figures of science in the 20th Century along with Albert Einstein and Alan Mathison Turing. Tu Youyou was noted for her bravery in being a scientist during a difficult time for science in China, her ability to use old wisdom and new methods to achieve her goals and the fact that her work bridged the Eastern and Western worlds, saving millions of lives. Today Tu Youyou continues to conduct research despite her age. According to Tu Youyou, "From our research experience in discovering artemisinin, we learnt the wisdom behind both Chinese and Western medicine. There is great potential for future advances if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully integrated," she said.
尽管屠呦呦对声名不感兴趣，但她已成为一名国际知名的科学家。2019年她被英国广播公司选为20世纪最具影响力的科学人物之一，与阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦、艾伦·麦席森·图灵齐名。屠呦呦在中国科学困难时期坚持做一名科研人员，她用古老的智慧和全新的方法实现目标，她的事业贯通了东西方世界，拯救了数百万人的生命，因此屠呦呦闻名世界。如今，虽然年事已高，屠呦呦仍然继续做研究。她说："从发现青蒿素的研究经验中，我们学到了中医和西医背后的智慧。如果这两种智慧能够完全融合，未来将有巨大的发展潜力。"
【课文二】The Superhero Behind Superman 超人背后的超级英雄
第1段
The story of Christopher Reeve's life is one that is almost impossible to imagine—from a wildly successful Hollywood career, to the horror of life-threatening injury; Reeve experienced both. Thus, not only is he known as a superhero in the Superman films, but he is also regarded as a superhero to many in real life.
克里斯托弗·里夫的一生几乎难以想象——从极其成功的好莱坞生涯，到致命伤带来的恐惧，里夫都经历过。因此，他不仅是《超人》电影中的超级英雄，在现实生活中也被许多人视为超级英雄。
第2段
Reeve was born on 25 September, 1952 in New York—the son of Franklin Reeve, a teacher and novelist, and Barbara Pitney, a journalist. He found his passion in acting and starred in his first school play at the age of eight. Although he believed he would only ever act on stage, Reeve tried out for, and was eventually given the lead role in a Superman film.
1952年9月25日，里夫在纽约出生，他的父亲是教师兼小说家富兰克林·里夫，母亲是记者芭芭拉·皮特尼。他发现自己热衷于表演，并在八岁时第一次在学校的戏剧中担任主角。尽管里夫认为自己只会在舞台上表演，但他还是尝试并最终获得了在电影《超人》中的主角角色。
第3段
Reeve starred in four Superman films from 1978 to 1987. He realised that his roles in these films had given him the opportunity to be a real-life superman, and he soon gained a reputation for raising awareness for good causes. He visited sick children in hospitals and worked with organisations such as Save the Children, speaking out about health, education and child protection to help those most in need.
从1978年到1987年，里夫主演了四部《超人》电影。他意识到自己在这些电影中的角色给了他在现实生活中成为超人的机会，他很快就因提高人们对慈善事业的认识而获得了声誉。他去看望医院的患病儿童，并与"拯救儿童"等组织合作，支持健康、教育和儿童保护等事业，帮助最需要帮助的人。
第4段
Unfortunately, in 1995 disaster struck Reeve. While horseback riding, he was thrown off his horse and broke his neck. His injuries were so severe that he had no movement or feeling in his body at all and even needed a machine to help him breathe. At first, his doctors did not believe that he would survive. During this time, Reeve felt like he had lost all hope. Having once been a healthy and successful young man to being trapped in a broken body was like a living nightmare to him. He admitted that during the early stages of living with his injury, he wished that he was dead and even thought of ending his own life. He fell into a depression which lasted for many months. It was only due to the ongoing support of his wife, family and friends that he eventually found the will to live again. For the years that followed he focused his attention on his goal of one day walking again.
不幸的是，1995年，灾难降临在里夫身上。他在骑马时从马上坠落，摔断了颈部。他的伤势非常严重，身体完全丧失了运动能力和知觉，甚至连呼吸都需要借助机器。起初，他的医生认为他无法活下来。在这段时间里，里夫觉得他失去了所有的希望。他曾经是一个健康、成功的年轻人，现在却被困在一副受伤的身体里，这对他来说就像一个真实的噩梦。他承认，在他受伤的早期阶段，他希望自己已经死掉，甚至想过结束自己的生命。他陷入了持续数月的抑郁状态。是因为在妻子、家人和朋友的不断支持下，他才最终找到了重新生活的意愿。在那之后的几年里，他把注意力集中在了有朝一日能再次行走这个目标上。
第5段
With a new sense of energy and commitment, Reeve undertook an intense exercise programme to help him achieve this goal. He engaged in a wide range of exercises designed to rebuild muscle, and made remarkable progress. Shortly after, he managed to return to his film career by directing, producing and even starring in films. He also wrote a biography and returned to his charity work. Reeve became a passionate and energetic advocate for people with back injuries and disabilities, raising millions of dollars in support of medical research. "What I do is based on powers we all have inside us ... and you don't have to be a 'superman' to do it." His positive attitude inspired many people who were stuck in illness. "With the progress of new medical research, I'm confident that people like me would be able to walk again one day. So you can see, I'm too busy with living to think of giving up!"
为了达成目标，里夫凭借一种新的力量和使命感，开始了高强度的运动计划。他进行了一系列旨在重建肌肉的运动，并取得了显著的进步。不久之后，他重返电影事业，从事导演和制作人工作，甚至出演了电影。他还写了一本传记，并且再度从事慈善工作。里夫成为脊背受伤和残疾人士的热情而积极的支持者，他为医学研究筹集了数百万美元的支持。"我所做的是基于我们每个人体内都拥有的力量。你不必成为'超人'就能做到。"他积极乐观的态度鼓舞了很多疾病缠身的人。"随着新的医学研究的发展，我相信像我这样的人总有一天能再次行走。所以你可以看到，我忙于生活，无暇考虑是否放弃！"
第6段
Sadly, on 10 October, 2004, Christopher Reeve passed away. He will always be remembered as a superhero—in more ways than one.
令人难过的是，2004年10月10日，克里斯托弗·里夫去世了。但在很多人心中，他都是一位超级英雄——不止在一个方面。
二、重点单词
【课文一】A Medical Pioneer（40 个）
pioneer n.：先锋；开拓者。A Medical Pioneer
lecture n.：演讲；讲座。the Nobel Prize Lecture
stage n.：舞台。walked slowly on to the stage
drug n.：药物。the life-saving drug
life-saving adj.：挽救生命的。the life-saving drug, artemisinin
artemisinin n.：青蒿素。she had discovered ... in the 1970s
discover v.：发现。which she had discovered
female adj.：女性的。the first Chinese female scientist
award v.：授予；颁发。to be awarded a Nobel Prize
committee n.：委员会。the Nobel Prize Committee
honour n.：荣誉；殊荣。When thanking the Committee for the honour
recognition n.：认可；承认。recognition and encouragement
encouragement n.：鼓励。for all scientists in China
province n.：省。Zhejiang Province
medicine n.：医学；药物。She studied medicine
graduation n.：毕业。After graduation
academy n.：研究院；学院。China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
expert n.：专家。with experts in the field
field n.：领域。experts in the field
gain v.：获得；得到。from whom she gained a deep knowledge
traditional adj.：传统的。traditional practices
establish v.：建立；组建。was chosen to establish a team
cure n.：疗法；治愈（v. 治愈）。to find a cure for malaria
malaria n.：疟疾。a disease that killed millions of people
disease n.：疾病。a disease that killed millions
chemical n.：化学物质。tested more than 240,000 chemicals
herb n.：草药。Chinese herbs
literature n.：文献；文学。ancient Chinese medical literature
recipe n.：配方；食谱。hundreds of traditional recipes
resource n.：资源（常用复数）。the team had limited resources
staff n.：工作人员（集合名词）。did not have enough staff
laboratory n.：实验室。the laboratory in which they worked
quality n.：质量。poor air quality
experiment n.：实验。hundreds of failed experiments
eventually adv.：最终。they eventually came across ...
promising adj.：有前途的；有前景的。a promising chemical
volunteer v.：自愿（做）。Tu Youyou bravely volunteered to be ...
subject n.：（实验）对象；受试者。the first human subject
effective adj.：有效的。the world's most effective drug
fame n.：名声；声誉。is not interested in fame
renowned adj.：著名的；有声望的。internationally renowned
influential adj.：有影响力的。the most influential figures
figure n.：人物；数字。figures of science in the 20th Century
wisdom n.：智慧。use old wisdom and new methods
achieve v.：实现；取得。to achieve her goals
bridge v.：架桥；贯通（n. 桥）。her work bridged the Eastern and Western worlds
conduct v.：开展；实施。continues to conduct research
potential n.：潜力（adj. 潜在的）。There is great potential
advance n.：进步；进展。potential for future advances
integrate v.：融合；整合。can be fully integrated
【课文二】The Superhero Behind Superman（38 个）
superhero n.：超级英雄。is known as a superhero
admirable adj.：令人钦佩的。Unit 6 The Admirable
imagine v.：想象。almost impossible to imagine
career n.：职业生涯。a wildly successful Hollywood career
horror n.：恐惧；恐怖。the horror of life-threatening injury
life-threatening adj.：危及生命的。life-threatening injury
injury n.：伤害；伤势。life-threatening injury
experience v.：经历。Reeve experienced both
novelist n.：小说家。a teacher and novelist
journalist n.：记者。Barbara Pitney, a journalist
passion n.：热情；酷爱。He found his passion in acting
star v.：主演（n. 明星）。starred in his first school play
stage n.：舞台。only ever act on stage
role n.：角色。the lead role in a Superman film
opportunity n.：机会。given him the opportunity to be ...
reputation n.：名声；声誉。gained a reputation for ...
awareness n.：认识；意识。raising awareness for good causes
cause n.：事业（v. 导致）。raising awareness for good causes
organisation n.：组织；机构。worked with organisations such as ...
protection n.：保护。health, education and child protection
disaster n.：灾难。disaster struck Reeve
strike v.：（灾难、疾病）突然袭击；降临（struck / struck）。disaster struck Reeve
severe adj.：严重的。His injuries were so severe
movement n.：活动；移动。had no movement or feeling
survive v.：活下来；幸存。he would survive
nightmare n.：噩梦。like a living nightmare
admit v.：承认。He admitted that ...
depression n.：抑郁；沮丧。He fell into a depression
ongoing adj.：持续不断的。the ongoing support of his wife
will n.：意志；决心。found the will to live again
commitment n.：投入；使命感。a new sense of energy and commitment
undertake v.：着手做；承担（undertook / undertaken）。undertook an intense exercise programme
intense adj.：高强度的；强烈的。an intense exercise programme
engage v.：参与（engage in）。engaged in a wide range of exercises
muscle n.：肌肉。designed to rebuild muscle
remarkable adj.：显著的；非凡的。made remarkable progress
direct v.：导演（adj. 直接的）。by directing, producing
produce v.：制作；制片。producing and even starring in films
biography n.：传记。He also wrote a biography
charity n.：慈善。returned to his charity work
energetic adj.：充满活力的。a passionate and energetic advocate
advocate n.：倡导者；支持者（v. 提倡）。an advocate for people with ...
disability n.：残疾；障碍。people with back injuries and disabilities
inspire v.：激励；鼓舞。His positive attitude inspired many people
confident adj.：自信的；确信的。I'm confident that ...
三、一词多义与熟词生义
1. lecture：常见义"讲座；（大学的）课"，本课指诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼上的"获奖演讲（Nobel Prize Lecture）"，是固定专名，类似 Nobel Lecture。
2. drug：常见义"（违禁）毒品"，本课为中性义"药物、药品"，与 medicine 近义：the life-saving drug（救命药）。阅读时须依语境判断褒贬。
3. discover：常见义"发现（已存在之物）"，本课指从中药中"发现"青蒿素；与 invent（发明原本没有的东西）不同。派生词 discovery n.。
4. award：名词义"奖项"，本课用作动词"授予、颁发"，常用被动 be awarded a prize（被授予奖项），注意与 reward（酬谢、回报）区分。
5. honour：常见义"荣誉、尊敬"，本课 for the honour 指诺委会授予的"这份殊荣"；也可作动词 honour sb.（表彰某人）。英式拼写，美式拼 honor。
6. practice：常见义"练习"，本课 traditional practices 指中医的"传统做法、传统实践"，是熟词生义。
7. establish：常见义"建立（机构、制度）"，本课 establish a team 指"组建一支团队"，对象可以是团队、体系、关系。
8. cure：名词义"疗法、治愈"，本课 find a cure for malaria（找到疟疾的疗法）；动词义"治愈"：cure sb. of a disease。注意与 treat（治疗，未必治好）区分。
9. hold the secret：字面"持有秘密"，本课 Chinese herbs might hold the secret 意为"中草药可能藏着（治病的）奥秘"，是形象化表达。
10. recipe：常见义"食谱"，本课 traditional recipes 指"传统（中药）配方"，属典型熟词生义。
11. come across：常见义"偶然遇见（人）"，本课 come across a promising chemical 指"（在实验中）偶然发现一种有前景的化学物质"，对象可以是物质、线索。近义 run into 多指遇到人或困难。
12. promising：形容词"有前途的、有希望的"，由 promise（承诺、希望）派生；a promising chemical / a promising student，不作"承诺的"解。
13. subject：常见义"主题；学科；主语"，本课 the first human subject 指"（人体实验的）受试者"，是医学语境专有用法。
14. figure：常见义"数字；图形；身材"，本课 influential figures 指"有影响力的人物"，属熟词生义。全文两处 figure 义不同，需辨析。
15. bridge：常见名词"桥"，本课用作动词"架桥、贯通"：her work bridged the Eastern and Western worlds（她的工作沟通了东西方世界），是名词转动词的活用。
16. star：常见名词"星星；明星"，本课两处均作动词"主演"：starred in his first school play / directing, producing and even starring in films。注意 star in 后接作品。
17. cause：常见义"原因；导致"，本课 good causes 指"慈善事业、高尚的事业"，是熟词生义。raise awareness for good causes（提升公众对公益事业的认识）。
18. strike：常见义"罢工；打"，本课 disaster struck Reeve 指"灾难突然降临到里夫身上"，是 struck 的引申用法（灾害、疾病突然袭击）。
19. will：常见义"将（助动词）"，本课作名词"意志、决心"：found the will to live again（重新找回活下去的意志）。
20. in more ways than one：短语"在不止一个方面"，本课收束句 He will always be remembered as a superhero—in more ways than one，指银幕上的超人与现实中的强者双重身份。
四、重点词块
【课文一】A Medical Pioneer（52 条）
- the Nobel Prize Lecture 诺贝尔奖演讲
- walk on to the stage 走上舞台
- the life-saving drug 救命药
- with the help of her team 在她团队的帮助下
- in the 1970s 在20世纪70年代
- the first ... to do ... 第一个做……的……
- be awarded a Nobel Prize for 因……被授予诺贝尔奖
- the Nobel Prize Committee 诺贝尔奖委员会
- the discovery of artemisinin 青蒿素的发现
- lead to the development of new drugs 带来新药的研发
- save the lives of millions 拯救数百万人的生命
- thank sb. for the honour 感谢某人授予的殊荣
- not only ... but also ... 不但……而且……
- recognition and encouragement for all scientists 对全体科学家的认可和鼓励
- be born in Zhejiang Province 出生于浙江省
- study medicine 学习医学
- at Peking University Health Science Centre 在北京大学健康科学中心
- after graduation 毕业后
- a member of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences 中医研究院的一员
- study Chinese medicine for two and a half years 学习两年半中医
- experts in the field 该领域的专家
- gain a deep knowledge about 对……有深刻的了解
- traditional practices 传统做法
- be chosen to do 被选中做……
- establish a team 组建团队
- find a cure for malaria 找到疟疾的治疗方法
- a disease that killed millions of people 一种每年致死数百万人的疾病
- across the world 世界各地
- had been trying to find a cure 一直在试图寻找疗法（过去完成进行时）
- test more than 240,000 chemicals 测试24万多种化学物质
- with no success 毫无成果
- have an idea that ... 有一个……的想法
- Chinese herbs might hold the secret 中草药可能藏着奥秘
- ancient Chinese medical literature 古代中医文献
- visit experts in traditional Chinese medicine 拜访中医专家
- hundreds of traditional recipes 数百种传统配方
- be connected to 与……有关联
- anti-malarial cures 抗疟疗法
- use modern research methods 采用现代研究方法
- study ... one by one 逐一研究
- the reason why ... is that ... ……的原因是……
- have limited resources 资源有限
- have enough staff 有足够的人手
- poor air quality 空气质量差
- hundreds of failed experiments 数百次失败的实验
- come across a promising chemical 偶然发现一种有前景的化学物质
- work well in experiments on animals 在动物实验中效果良好
- be safe for humans 对人体安全
- volunteer to be the first human subject 志愿成为第一个人体受试者
- the rest of her team followed her 团队中其他人紧随其后
- the world's most effective drug for fighting malaria 世界上抗击疟疾最有效的药物
【课文一续】评价与研究（8 条）
- be interested in fame 对名声感兴趣
- a scientist whose work is internationally renowned 研究成果享誉国际的科学家
- be selected by the BBC as 被英国广播公司选为
- one of the most influential figures of science 最具影响力的科学人物之一
- along with Albert Einstein 与爱因斯坦齐名
- be noted for her bravery 因她的勇气而闻名
- use old wisdom and new methods to achieve her goals 用古老的智慧和全新的方法实现目标
- continue to conduct research despite her age 虽年事已高仍继续研究
【课文二】The Superhero Behind Superman（46 条）
- the story of one's life 某人的一生
- be almost impossible to imagine 几乎难以想象
- from ... to ... 从……到……
- a wildly successful Hollywood career 极其成功的好莱坞生涯
- the horror of life-threatening injury 危及生命的伤势带来的恐惧
- experience both 两者都经历过
- be known as 作为……而出名
- be regarded as 被视为……
- to many in real life 对现实生活中的许多人来说
- be born on 25 September, 1952 生于1952年9月25日
- the son of ... ……之子
- a teacher and novelist 教师兼小说家
- find one's passion in acting 发现自己酷爱表演
- star in one's first school play 首次主演学校戏剧
- at the age of eight 在八岁时
- act on stage 在舞台上表演
- try out for 参加……的选拔
- be given the lead role 获得主角角色
- star in four Superman films 主演四部《超人》电影
- from 1978 to 1987 从1978年到1987年
- give sb. the opportunity to do 给某人做……的机会
- a real-life superman 现实生活中的超人
- gain a reputation for 因……而获得声誉
- raise awareness for good causes 提升公众对公益事业的认识
- visit sick children in hospitals 看望医院里生病的孩子
- work with organisations such as ... 与……等组织合作
- Save the Children "拯救儿童"（组织名）
- speak out about 就……公开发声
- child protection 儿童保护
- those most in need 最需要帮助的人
- disaster struck Reeve 灾难降临到里夫身上
- while horseback riding 在骑马时
- be thrown off his horse 被从马上摔下来
- break his neck 摔断颈椎
- so severe that ... 严重到……
- have no movement or feeling in his body 全身失去活动能力和知觉
- need a machine to help him breathe 需要机器帮助呼吸
- lose all hope 失去所有希望
- be trapped in a broken body 被困在残损的身体里
- a living nightmare 一场真实的噩梦
- think of ending his own life 想到结束自己的生命
- fall into a depression 陷入抑郁
- due to the ongoing support of ... 由于……持续不断的支持
- find the will to live again 重新找到活下去的意志
- focus one's attention on 把注意力集中在……
【课文二续】重生与影响（10 条）
- a new sense of energy and commitment 一种新的力量感与使命感
- undertake an intense exercise programme 着手进行高强度的锻炼计划
- engage in a wide range of exercises 进行多种多样的锻炼
- be designed to rebuild muscle 旨在重建肌肉
- make remarkable progress 取得显著进步
- shortly after 不久之后
- return to one's film career 重返电影事业
- write a biography 写一本传记
- raise millions of dollars in support of medical research 筹集数百万美元支持医学研究
- too busy with living to think of giving up 忙于生活而无暇考虑放弃
五、长难句拆解
【原句 1】She began to talk about the life-saving drug, artemisinin, which she had discovered with the help of her team in the 1970s.
【主干】She began to talk about the drug（她开始谈起这种药）。
【分层】① the life-saving drug 与 artemisinin 是同位语，后者是前者的名称；② which 引导非限制性定语从句修饰 artemisinin，从句用过去完成时 had discovered，表示"发现"发生在"2015年演讲"这一过去动作之前，即"过去的过去"；③ with the help of her team 是从句中的方式状语。
【译文】她开始介绍挽救生命的青蒿素，这是她在团队的帮助下于20世纪70年代发现的一种药。
【考点】非限制性定语从句 + 过去完成时（过去的过去）+ 同位语。
【原句 2】The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.
【主干】The woman was Tu Youyou（这位女士就是屠呦呦）。
【分层】① the first Chinese female scientist 是 Tu Youyou 的同位语；② to be awarded 是不定式的被动式作后置定语，修饰 scientist，相当于 who was awarded ...；③ 名词前有序数词 the first 时，其后定语习惯用不定式；④ for her work 表示获奖原因。
【译文】这位女士就是屠呦呦，是中国第一位因自己的工作而获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。
【考点】序数词 + 名词 + 不定式（被动式）作定语。
【原句 3】Later, she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices.
【主干】she studied Chinese medicine（她学习中医）。
【分层】① for two and a half years 是时间状语；② with experts in the field 是伴随状语；③ from whom 引导定语从句修饰 experts，属"介词 + 关系代词"结构，还原为 she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices from the experts；④ 关系代词在介词后只能用 whom（指人）或 which（指物），不能用 that。
【译文】后来，她跟随该领域的专家学习了两年半的中医学，从中对传统医学有了深刻的了解。
【考点】介词 + 关系代词（from whom）引导定语从句。
【原句 4】The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources.
【主干】The reason was that ...（原因是……）。
【分层】① why this was difficult 是定语从句修饰 the reason，why 相当于 for which；② that 引导表语从句说明原因的具体内容；③ 这是英语说明文的经典句式 "The reason why ... is/was that ..."，注意表语从句用 that 引导而不用 because。
【译文】这件事困难的原因是团队资源有限。
【考点】The reason why ... is that ...；同位结构 reason + why 定语从句；表语从句。
【原句 5】They did not have enough staff, and the laboratory in which they worked had poor air quality.
【主干】They did not have enough staff, and the laboratory ... had poor air quality（他们人手不足，而且实验室空气质量很差）。
【分层】① and 连接两个并列分句，构成"人手不足 + 环境恶劣"的双重困难；② in which they worked 是定语从句修饰 the laboratory，相当于 where they worked，即"他们工作的（那间）实验室"；③ in which 与 where 可互换，因从句谓语动词 worked 是不及物动词，需借助介词 in 才能与 laboratory 搭配。
【译文】他们没有足够的工作人员，而且他们工作的实验室空气质量很差。
【考点】介词 + 关系代词（in which = where）引导定语从句；并列句。
【原句 6】Thus, not only is he known as a superhero in the Superman films, but he is also regarded as a superhero to many in real life.
【主干】not only is he known as ..., but he is also regarded as ...（他不仅被称为……，也被视为……）。
【分层】① not only 置于句首时，其所在分句要部分倒装，即把助动词 is 提到主语 he 之前，写成 not only is he ...；② but (also) 所在分句不倒装，保持正常语序；③ be known as（作为……而出名）与 be regarded as（被视为……）近义，此处换用避免重复；④ in the Superman films 与 in real life 形成"银幕 / 现实"的对照。
【译文】因此，他不仅是《超人》电影中的超级英雄，在现实生活中也被许多人视为超级英雄。
【考点】not only 置于句首引起的部分倒装；not only ... but also ... 并列。注意 also 可省略。
【原句 7】His injuries were so severe that he had no movement or feeling in his body at all and even needed a machine to help him breathe.
【主干】His injuries were so severe that ...（他的伤势严重到……）。
【分层】① so + 形容词 + that 引导结果状语从句；② that 从句内部由 and 连接两个并列谓语 had no movement or feeling 与 needed a machine；③ at all 用于否定句加强语气，"完全（没有）"；④ to help him breathe 是不定式作目的/用途状语，说明机器的作用。
【译文】他的伤势非常严重，身体完全丧失了运动能力和知觉，甚至连呼吸都需要借助机器。
【考点】so ... that ... 结果状语从句；at all 加强否定；不定式作状语。
【原句 8】It was only due to the ongoing support of his wife, family and friends that he eventually found the will to live again.
【主干】he eventually found the will to live again（他最终重新找回了活下去的意志）。
【分层】① 这是 It was ... that ... 强调句，被强调部分是原因状语 only due to the ongoing support of his wife, family and friends；② 去掉 It was 与 that 后句子仍成立：Only due to the ongoing support ..., he eventually found the will to live again；③ only 加强语气，强调"正是、唯有"；④ to live again 是不定式作 the will 的后置定语。
【译文】正是因为在妻子、家人和朋友的不断支持下，他才最终找到了重新生活的意愿。
【考点】It is/was + 被强调部分 + that ... 强调句型（可强调状语）；不定式作定语。
【原句 9】Reeve became a passionate and energetic advocate for people with back injuries and disabilities, raising millions of dollars in support of medical research.
【主干】Reeve became a passionate and energetic advocate（里夫成为一名热情而积极的倡导者）。
【分层】① for people with back injuries and disabilities 说明倡导的对象，其中 with 短语作后置定语修饰 people；② raising millions of dollars 是现在分词短语作伴随/结果状语，逻辑主语是 Reeve，与主句动作同时发生；③ in support of medical research 说明筹款的目的，相当于 to support medical research。
【译文】里夫成为脊背受伤和残疾人士的热情而积极的支持者，为医学研究筹集了数百万美元。
【考点】现在分词短语作状语（表伴随结果）；with 短语作后置定语；in support of 介词短语表目的。
六、语法点清单
1. 序数词 + 名词 + 不定式作定语
the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize（第一位获诺奖的中国女科学家）。当名词前有序数词、the only、the next、形容词最高级等修饰时，其后的定语常用不定式。主语是动作的承受者时用被动式 to be done。
2. 过去完成时（had done）与过去完成进行时（had been doing）
which she had discovered（"发现"在"演讲"之前）；scientists had been trying to find a cure（强调在此之前"一直在努力"的持续过程）。判断依据：句中存在一个过去的时间参照点，动作发生在其之前。
3. 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句
from whom she gained a deep knowledge；the laboratory in which they worked。要点：介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的搭配（gain ... from、work in）；指人用 whom，指物用 which，均不可用 that，也不能省略。
4. The reason why ... is that ...
The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources。why 引导定语从句修饰 reason，that 引导表语从句。常见错误：不可说 The reason is because ...。
5. not only ... but also ... 及其倒装
not only 位于句首时，该分句部分倒装：not only is he known as ..., but he is also regarded as ...。若 not only 连接两个主语成分而不在句首，则不倒装。also 可省略，but 不可省。
6. It is/was ... that ... 强调句
It was only due to the ongoing support ... that he eventually found the will to live again。强调句可强调主语、宾语、状语（除谓语外皆可）。判断方法：去掉 It is/was 与 that/who 后句子结构完整，则是强调句而非定语从句。
7. so ... that ... 结果状语从句与 too ... to ... 结构
His injuries were so severe that he had no movement（so + adj. + that 从句）；I'm too busy with living to think of giving up（too + adj. + to do，表"太……以致不能……"，注意 giving up 是动名词作 think of 的宾语）。
8. 现在分词短语作状语
raising millions of dollars（伴随/结果）、saving millions of lives（结果）、speaking out about health, education and child protection（伴随方式）。逻辑上分词的动作由主句主语发出，相当于一个简化的并列谓语或状语从句。
补充：虚拟语气 wish 从句
he wished that he was dead（他但愿自己已经死了）。wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气：与现在事实相反用过去式（be 动词常用 were，口语可用 was），与过去事实相反用过去完成时 had done。
七、逻辑链
【课文一】A Medical Pioneer
颁奖现场·高光时刻
↓
登台讲青蒿素，点明"中国首位女性诺奖科学家"的身份
↓
求学积淀·出身与训练
↓
北大医学 → 中医研究院 → 师从专家两年半，打下传统医学根基
↓
临危受命·另辟蹊径
↓
1969年组队抗疟；24万种化学药物全败，转向中医文献与古方
↓
攻坚克难·以身试药
↓
资源有限、人手不足、实验环境差 → 数百次失败后偶得青蒿素 → 动物实验有效 → 屠呦呦带头做人体受试者
↓
功成不居·再望未来
↓
不慕名利，入选BBC世纪科学人物；古智新法并举、沟通东西；年高仍研究，寄语中西医融合
课文一立意总结：本文以"颁奖现场—生平铺垫—研究过程—人格升华"的顺序展开，中心不在"获奖"而在"如何获奖"。作者用三个数字制造张力：24万种化学物质失败、数百次实验失败、数百个古方筛选，衬托出青蒿素发现的来之不易；又用"志愿成为第一个人体受试者"这一细节，把科学家的勇气落到具体行为上。结尾引屠呦呦本人谈"中西医智慧融合"的话，使文章从"记一人之功"升华为"立一条治学之路"。
【课文二】The Superhero Behind Superman
总括一生·银幕与现实双关
↓
从好莱坞巅峰到致命伤残，两者皆亲历 → 不仅是银幕超人，更是现实超人
↓
少年起步·天赋与机遇
↓
出身书香门第 → 八岁登台 → 自认只演舞台剧，却试镜成功主演《超人》
↓
声名之下·行善不止
↓
四部超人电影 → 借角色之名为公益事业发声，探病童、助儿童保护
↓
灾难突降·坠入深渊
↓
1995年坠马断颈 → 全身瘫痪、靠机器呼吸 → 绝望、抑郁、曾想轻生
↓
亲情托举·重燃意志
↓
妻友家人的持续支持 → 找回求生意志 → 立下"重新行走"的目标
↓
绝地重生·反哺他人
↓
高强度康复训练 → 复出影坛（导演、制片、出演）→ 写传记、做慈善、为医学研究筹巨款
↓
黯然谢幕·永志不忘
↓
2004年离世，以"不止一个意义上的超级英雄"收束
课文二立意总结：本文采用"先扬—后抑—再扬"的三段式结构：先写事业巅峰，再写飞来横祸与精神低谷，最后写意志重建与反哺社会。标题 The Superhero Behind Superman 是全文的文眼——真正的"超级英雄"不是银幕上的角色，而是面对残损身体仍不放弃、并把力量传递给更多病患的那个人。结尾那句 I'm too busy with living to think of giving up 与开头的 life-threatening injury 形成呼应，完成人物形象的闭环。
【两篇合观】两篇同为"人物特写"，但写法各有侧重：屠呦呦篇以**事件链**推进（领奖 → 求学 → 受命 → 攻坚 → 升华），重心在"事功"，用数据与细节建立说服力；里夫篇以**心理曲线**推进（巅峰 → 深渊 → 重生），重心在"精神"，用心理描写与直接引语打动读者。一智一勇，一内敛一张扬，共同诠释单元主题 The Admirable（令人钦佩的人）：真正的可敬，不在天赋与名声，而在困境中的选择与坚持。
八、写作迁移
模板 1：身份定位句（序数词 + 不定式作定语）
课文：The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.
仿写：The man was Yuan Longping, the first Chinese scientist to develop hybrid rice on a large scale.
用途：人物介绍开头，一句话交代"第一人 / 首创者"的身份，简洁有力。
模板 2：原因分析句（The reason why ... is that ...）
课文：The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources.
仿写：The reason why he succeeded was that he never gave up when others had already stopped trying.
用途：议论文中分析因果，比 because 更正式，适合段首主题句。
模板 3：人物评价句（be noted for + 三并列）
课文：Tu Youyou was noted for her bravery ..., her ability to use old wisdom and new methods ... and the fact that her work bridged the Eastern and Western worlds.
仿写：The teacher was noted for her patience with slow learners, her ability to make difficult ideas simple and the fact that her classes changed many students' attitudes towards learning.
用途：人物评价段，三个并列成分（名词 / 名词 + 不定式 / the fact that 从句）层层递进，句式有节奏感。
模板 4：倒装强调句（Not only ..., but ... also ...）
课文：Not only is he known as a superhero in the Superman films, but he is also regarded as a superhero to many in real life.
仿写：Not only did she win the competition, but she also set a new record that no one has broken since.
用途：开头或结尾的双重定位，倒装带来强调效果，适合写"双重身份 / 双重成就"。
模板 5：意志表态句（too ... to ... / I'm confident that ...）
课文：I'm too busy with living to think of giving up! / I'm confident that people like me would be able to walk again one day.
仿写：I'm too busy working towards my dream to waste time complaining about the difficulties.
用途：结尾表态，用 too ... to ... 表达"无暇他顾"的坚定，比直说 I will never give up 更有画面感。
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