Lesson 3 课文精读 · 音乐天才
一、课文原文及逐段翻译
第1段
Everyone knows that Ludwig van Beethoven is a musical genius but few might know how he created Symphony No.9 in D minor and how its first show went.
大家都知道路德维希·凡·贝多芬是一个音乐天才，但或许很少有人知道D小调第九交响曲是如何创作出来的，以及它的首演情况如何。
第2段
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer. He is regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of music. In his twenties, he had been very famous for his skills on the piano, but then he began to lose his hearing. Beethoven thought about giving up, but in the end he continued to write music. Inspired by his struggles with deafness, the composer produced some amazing pieces, including nine symphonies, five piano pieces, and an opera! He proceeded with the composition until his death in 1827, writing more than 130 musical works, including his Symphony No.9 in D minor.
路德维希·凡·贝多芬是德国作曲家，被认为是音乐史上最伟大的作曲家之一。二十多岁时，他已因高超的钢琴技艺而声名远扬，但后来他开始失去听力。贝多芬曾想过放弃，但最终还是继续创作音乐。在与耳聋的抗争中受到激励，这位作曲家写出了一些令人惊叹的作品，包括九部交响曲、五首钢琴曲和一部歌剧！他持续创作直到1827年去世，一生写下一百三十多部音乐作品，其中包括D小调第九交响曲。
第3段
One day in February 1824, at his little house in Vienna, Austria, Ludwig van Beethoven sat back in his chair and smiled. The famous German composer's ninth symphony was finally completed. Writing the piece had taken several years, and now the final notes had been added to the score. At 54 years of age, he didn't know that this would be his last symphony. As he proudly signed his name at the bottom of the page, Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time.
1824年2月的一天，在奥地利维也纳的小房子里，贝多芬往椅背上一靠，笑了。这位著名德国作曲家的第九交响曲终于完成了。写这部作品花了好几年时间，此刻最后一个音符也已写进乐谱。他54岁，并不知道这将是自己的最后一部交响曲。当他自豪地在页面底部署下名字时，贝多芬努力想象人们第一次听到这部作品时会作何反应。
第4段
Before the performance, the backstage atmosphere at a very famous theatre in Vienna was tense. Beethoven was afraid that the performance would be a disaster. After all, what use is a conductor who could not hear his orchestra—even if he is a musical genius?
演出之前，维也纳一家非常著名的剧院里，后台的气氛十分紧张。贝多芬担心这场演出会成为一场灾难。毕竟，一个听不见自己乐队的指挥有什么用呢——即使他是音乐天才？
第5段
The audience did not hesitate to applaud loudly as the famous composer walked out onto the stage for the first time in 12 years. The theatre's musical director, Michael Umlauf, joined him and together the two men took charge of the orchestra. For more than an hour, Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra, waving his arms wildly in the air, and madly turning the pages of his score. The whole time, Umlauf stood quietly by his side, skillfully guiding the orchestra through the most amazing piece of music the world had ever known.
当这位著名作曲家12年来第一次走上舞台时，观众毫不犹豫地热烈鼓掌。剧院的音乐总监迈克尔·奥姆洛夫也来到他身边，两人共同指挥乐队。在一个多小时里，贝多芬在乐队前面跳跃着，在空中疯狂挥舞手臂，拼命翻动乐谱。而自始至终，奥姆洛夫都安静地站在他身旁，巧妙地带领乐队演奏这首世人所知最神奇的音乐作品。
第6段
As the final, joyous notes signalled the end of the symphony, the audience jumped to their feet, clapping, cheering and waving their hats. But Beethoven continued conducting, his head buried in the score. It was not until Caroline Unger, one of the singers, took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success.
当最后几个欢快的音符宣告交响曲结束时，观众们一跃而起，鼓掌、欢呼、挥动帽子。但贝多芬仍在继续指挥，头埋在乐谱里。直到歌手之一卡罗琳·昂格尔拉住他的手臂，把他转向观众，这位伟人才意识到自己的交响曲成功了。
第7段
Later, Caroline remembered that Beethoven was not the only one who got a surprise. "The audience was shocked as well," she said with a broad smile. "Most of them had no idea that he was deaf! The one person in the room who didn't hear the symphony—and never would—was the very man who composed it."
后来，卡罗琳回忆说，感到意外的并不只有贝多芬。“观众也同样震惊，”她笑容灿烂地说，“他们大多数人都不知道他失聪了！剧场里唯一没有听到、也永远不会听到这部交响曲的人，恰恰就是创作它的人。”
二、重点单词
genius n.：天才；天赋。Everyone knows that Beethoven is a musical genius.
composer n.：作曲家。Beethoven was a German composer.
symphony n.：交响曲；交响乐。Symphony No.9 in D minor（D小调第九交响曲）
minor adj.：小调的；较小的。in D minor（D小调）
hearing n.：听力；听觉。he began to lose his hearing
deafness n.：耳聋；失聪。Inspired by his struggles with deafness
proceed v.：继续进行；接着做。He proceeded with the composition until his death.
score n.：乐谱；总谱。the final notes had been added to the score
perform v.：表演；演出。Before the performance ...（performance 为其名词形式）
atmosphere n.：气氛；氛围。the backstage atmosphere was tense
tense adj.：紧张的；绷紧的。The atmosphere was tense.
conductor n.：指挥；（乐队）指挥。a conductor who could not hear his orchestra
orchestra n.：管弦乐队。took charge of the orchestra
hesitate v.：犹豫；迟疑。did not hesitate to applaud loudly
applaud v.：鼓掌；称赞。The audience did not hesitate to applaud.
signal v.：发信号；示意 n.：信号。the final, joyous notes signalled the end
broad adj.：宽阔的；（笑容）灿烂的。she said with a broad smile
三、一词多义与熟词生义
score 常见义为“得分、分数”，课文中指“乐谱、总谱”，如 turning the pages of his score，属音乐领域的专门义项。
piece 常见义“一块、一件”，课文中 five piano pieces 指“五首钢琴曲”、the most amazing piece of music 指“一首乐曲”，是艺术作品的量词用法。
show 常见义为动词“展示、表明”，课文首段 how its first show went 中作名词，意为“演出、首演”，与 performance 近义。
minor 常见义“次要的、不重要的”，课文 in D minor 中是音乐术语“小调的”，与 major（大调的）相对。
madly 常见义“发疯地、疯狂地”，课文中 madly turning the pages 强调动作急促、投入，带有“拼命地、不顾一切地”意味，并非真的“发疯”。
bury 常见义“埋葬”，课文中 his head buried in the score 意为“头埋在乐谱里”，引申为“专心致志、全神贯注于”。
charge 常见义“收费、指控”，课文 took charge of the orchestra 中构成固定搭配，意为“负责、掌管”，与 money 无关。
四、重点词块
be regarded as 被认为是；被视为
in one's twenties 在某人二十多岁时
be famous for 因……而著名
lose one's hearing 失去听力
think about giving up 考虑放弃
in the end 最后；终于
be inspired by 受到……的激励/启发
proceed with sth. 继续进行某事
at the bottom of 在……的底部
respond to 对……作出反应
take charge of 负责；掌管
jump about 四处跳跃；蹦来蹦去
jump to one's feet 一跃而起
not ... until ... 直到……才……
have no idea 不知道；毫无所知
五、长难句拆解
【原句 1】Everyone knows that Ludwig van Beethoven is a musical genius but few might know how he created Symphony No.9 in D minor and how its first show went.
【主干】Everyone knows that ... but few might know ...
【分层】but 连接两个并列分句，形成“人人皆知”与“鲜有人知”的对比；第一个 that 引导宾语从句；第二个分句中 and 连接两个 how 引导的宾语从句，作 know 的宾语，its 指代 Symphony No.9。
【译文】大家都知道贝多芬是音乐天才，但或许很少有人知道D小调第九交响曲是如何创作出来的，以及它的首演情况如何。
【考点】that 宾语从句；并列的 how 宾语从句；but 表转折的并列句。
【原句 2】Inspired by his struggles with deafness, the composer produced some amazing pieces, including nine symphonies, five piano pieces, and an opera!
【主干】the composer produced some amazing pieces.
【分层】Inspired by ... 为过去分词短语作原因状语，其逻辑主语是 the composer，构成被动关系“被……激励”；including ... 为介词短语，对 pieces 举例说明。
【译文】在与耳聋的抗争中受到激励，这位作曲家写出了一些令人惊叹的作品，包括九部交响曲、五首钢琴曲和一部歌剧！
【考点】过去分词作状语；分词逻辑主语与主句主语一致；including 介词短语。
【原句 3】Writing the piece had taken several years, and now the final notes had been added to the score.
【主干】Writing the piece had taken several years, and the final notes had been added to the score.
【分层】动名词短语 Writing the piece 作主语，谓语用过去完成时 had taken，表示“完成之前”已持续数年；后半句 had been added 为过去完成时的被动语态，主语 the final notes 是动作承受者。
【译文】写这部作品花了好几年时间，此刻最后一个音符也已写进乐谱。
【考点】动名词作主语；过去完成时；过去完成时被动语态。
【原句 4】The whole time, Umlauf stood quietly by his side, skillfully guiding the orchestra through the most amazing piece of music the world had ever known.
【主干】Umlauf stood quietly by his side.
【分层】The whole time 作时间状语；guiding ... 为现在分词短语作伴随状语，说明 stand 的同时发生的动作；the most amazing piece of music 后接省略了 that 的定语从句 the world had ever known，用过去完成时呼应“当时为止世人听过的最……”。
【译文】而自始至终，奥姆洛夫都安静地站在他身旁，巧妙地带领乐队演奏这首世人所知最神奇的音乐作品。
【考点】现在分词作伴随状语；省略关系词的定语从句；最高级 + 完成时定语从句。
【原句 5】It was not until Caroline Unger, one of the singers, took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success.
【主干】It was not until ... that the great man realised ....
【分层】这是 not ... until ... 的强调句型：被强调部分是时间状语 not until Caroline Unger ... took his arm and turned him ...；one of the singers 为同位语；realised 后接省略 that 的宾语从句 his symphony was a success。
【译文】直到歌手之一卡罗琳·昂格尔拉住他的手臂，把他转向观众，这位伟人才意识到自己的交响曲成功了。
【考点】强调句型 It was not until ... that ...；同位语；宾语从句。
【原句 6】The one person in the room who didn't hear the symphony—and never would—was the very man who composed it.
【主干】The one person was the very man.
【分层】who didn't hear the symphony 为定语从句修饰 person，破折号中的 and never would 为省略结构（would never hear it）；who composed it 为定语从句修饰 man；the very man 中 very 起强调作用，意为“正是那个人”。
【译文】剧场里唯一没有听到、也永远不会听到这部交响曲的人，恰恰就是创作它的人。
【考点】两个 who 定语从句；省略结构；very 表强调；主系表倒装式对比。
六、语法点清单
1. 一般过去时叙述事件
全文主体用一般过去时推进故事：sat back, smiled, was completed, walked out, took charge, jumped, stood, realised。这是人物记叙文的时态骨架。
2. 过去完成时表“过去的过去”
Writing the piece had taken several years；the final notes had been added；he had been very famous for his skills；Most of them had no idea that he was deaf。动作或状态都发生在“过去的某一时间点”之前。
3. 被动语态
He is regarded as one of the greatest composers（一般现在时被动）；the final notes had been added to the score（过去完成时被动）；Inspired by his struggles（过去分词被动含义）。
4. 强调句型 It was not until ... that ...
It was not until Caroline Unger took his arm ... that the great man realised ...。注意强调 not until 结构时，that 后的句子用陈述语序，且主句不再用否定。
5. 分词作状语
Inspired by his struggles with deafness（过去分词作原因状语）；waving his arms wildly, madly turning the pages（现在分词作伴随状语）；clapping, cheering and waving their hats（三个分词并列）。
6. 独立主格结构
But Beethoven continued conducting, his head buried in the score。his head 与 buried 构成被动关系，自带逻辑主语，独立于主句主语，表伴随状态。
7. 定语从句
a conductor who could not hear his orchestra；The one person ... who didn't hear the symphony；the very man who composed it；the most amazing piece of music (that) the world had ever known（省略关系词）。
七、逻辑链
悬念引入（第1段）：人人皆知他是天才，却少有人知第九交响曲如何写成、如何首演
↓
人物背景（第2段）：德国作曲家，青年成名 → 逐渐失聪 → 曾想放弃 → 最终坚持，创作130多部作品
↓
完成时刻（第3段）：1824年2月维也纳，54岁的他写下最后一个音符，期待世人反应
↓
演出前夜（第4段）：后台气氛紧张，他担心成为灾难——“听不见乐队的指挥有什么用？”
↓
演出高潮（第5段）：观众热烈鼓掌，他与奥姆洛夫共同指挥，狂挥手臂、猛翻乐谱
↓
无声的胜利（第6段）：观众起立欢呼，他却仍在指挥；被转向观众才知成功
↓
回望点睛（第7段）：观众不知他失聪——唯一没听到、也永远听不到的人，正是创作者
这是一篇“悬念—背景—高潮—点睛”的音乐人物记叙文：第1段设悬，把读者拉进“天才如何写成绝唱”的问题；第2段补足生平与失聪的转折；第3—6段以时间为序细写完成、担忧、指挥、欢呼四个场面，形成“静—紧—动—静”的节奏对照；第7段用卡罗琳的回忆收束，以“唯一听不见的人正是创作者”的反讽强化震撼。
八、写作迁移
模板 1：Everyone knows that ... but few might know how ...
课文：Everyone knows that Beethoven is a musical genius but few might know how he created Symphony No.9.
仿写：Everyone knows that Yuan Longping is a great scientist, but few might know how he developed hybrid rice.（人人都知道袁隆平是伟大的科学家，但很少有人知道他如何培育出杂交水稻。）——用于开篇设悬、引出鲜为人知的细节。
模板 2：Inspired by ..., sb. produced ...
课文：Inspired by his struggles with deafness, the composer produced some amazing pieces.
仿写：Inspired by his teacher's encouragement, the boy produced a series of striking paintings.（受老师鼓励的启发，这个男孩创作了一系列引人注目的画作。）——用于写“外部激励促成成果”。
模板 3：Writing ... had taken ..., and now ... had been added to ...
课文：Writing the piece had taken several years, and now the final notes had been added to the score.
仿写：Writing the report had taken him three months, and now the last figure had been checked.（写这份报告花了他三个月，此刻最后一个数据也已核对完毕。）——用于描述长期努力终于收尾。
模板 4：It was not until ... that sb. realised ...
课文：It was not until Caroline Unger took his arm that the great man realised his symphony was a success.
仿写：It was not until the lights went out that she realised she had left the key inside.（直到灯灭了，她才意识到钥匙落在里面了。）——用于写“迟来的醒悟”，突出转折瞬间。
模板 5：The one person who ... was the very man who ...
课文：The one person in the room who didn't hear the symphony was the very man who composed it.
仿写：The one person who never complained was the very man who worked the hardest.（从不抱怨的那个人，恰恰是干活最多的人。）——用于结尾制造对比与反讽，升华主题。
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