Lesson 3 课文精读 · “白色自行车”在路上
一、课文原文及逐段翻译
第1段
People in Amsterdam have been enjoying the benefits of cycling for years. The idea began about 50 years ago, and was first known as "white bikes". Amsterdam is a good city for cycling because it's flat and therefore convenient for bikes. There are also plenty of places for bicycle parking and most streets in the city centre have a bicycle path. Because of its convenience for bicycles, Amsterdam has become very popular with cyclists—an amazing 38% of all trips are made by bike. Some people even call Amsterdam "the City of Bicycles".
多年来，阿姆斯特丹人一直享受着骑行的种种好处。这一想法始于约50年前，最初被称为“白色自行车”。阿姆斯特丹是适合骑行的城市，因为它地势平坦，因而骑车很方便。这里也有大量停放自行车的地方，市中心大多数街道都设有自行车道。由于骑行便利，阿姆斯特丹深受骑车人欢迎——全部出行中有高达38%是靠自行车完成的。有人甚至把阿姆斯特丹称为“自行车之城”。
第2段
Where did the idea of "white bikes" come from? In the 1960s, a group of cycling fans came up with an idea. They believed that it would be better for everybody if cars weren't allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were. They were hopeful that this would help to save energy, reduce pollution and provide free public transport. The group painted hundreds of bicycles white and placed them in many areas around Amsterdam for people to use. Anyone was allowed to take them and use them for short journeys. People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey, so that someone else could then take it and use it from there. Soon after, however, problems came up and the "white bikes" all disappeared—thieves stole them all in a matter of weeks!
“白色自行车”的想法从何而来？20世纪60年代，一群骑行爱好者想出了一个主意。他们认为，如果市中心不允许汽车进入、只允许自行车通行，对所有人都会更好。他们希望这有助于节约能源、减少污染，并提供免费的公共交通。这群人把数百辆自行车涂成白色，放在阿姆斯特丹许多地方供人使用。任何人都可以取用，骑车完成短途出行。人们会把车留在结束行程的地方，好让另一个人从那里接着骑走。然而不久问题就出现了，“白色自行车”全部消失——小偷在几周之内就把车偷光了！
第3段
In 1999, the "white bikes" returned to Amsterdam—this time with a computer tracking system to record their every move! To take a bicycle, you had to put in a special card. The new "white bikes" were not actually white but painted in bright colours. The bikes were parked at special parking places. Thus people who wanted to use them had to take them to another special parking place near their destination and leave them there.
1999年，“白色自行车”重回阿姆斯特丹——这一次配备了电脑追踪系统，记录它们的每一次移动！要取车，你必须插入一张专用卡。新的“白色自行车”其实并非白色，而是被涂成了鲜艳的颜色。这些车停放在专用停车点。因此，想用车的人必须把车送到目的地附近的另一个专用停车点，并停在那里。
第4段
Thanks to the ideas and efforts of many people, like the cycling fans of the 1960s and those who enabled the return of "white bikes", you can now enjoy clean air and easy transport in central Amsterdam.
多亏了许多人的创意与努力，比如20世纪60年代的骑行爱好者，以及那些促成“白色自行车”回归的人，如今你才能在阿姆斯特丹市中心享受清洁的空气和便捷的交通。
第5段
Nowadays, the idea of "white bikes" has pedalled its way around the world and there has been a global increase in bike-sharing.
如今，“白色自行车”的理念已骑行般地传遍世界，共享单车在全球范围内不断增长。
第6段
In China, more and more cities have their own "white bike" programmes. Both the locals and tourists like to use shared bikes because bike-sharing is a cheap and easy way to save energy, reduce air and noise pollution, and enjoy the benefits of exercise in cities. However, problems can also develop, like the theft of bikes and parking issues. Fortunately, people are trying different ways of solving those problems. Where will bike-sharing go in China? You decide.
在中国，越来越多的城市有了自己的“白色自行车”项目。本地人和游客都喜欢骑共享单车，因为共享单车是一种既便宜又简便的方式，可以节约能源、减少空气和噪音污染，还能让人在城市里享受运动的好处。然而，问题也会随之产生，比如车辆被盗和停放难题。幸运的是，人们正在尝试用不同办法解决这些问题。共享单车在中国将走向何方？由你来决定。
二、重点单词
benefit n.：好处；益处。have been enjoying the benefits of cycling
cycling n.：骑自行车（运动）。a good city for cycling
flat adj.：平坦的。it's flat and therefore convenient for bikes
convenient adj.：方便的；便利的。convenient for bikes
convenience n.：方便；便利。Because of its convenience for bicycles
cyclist n.：骑自行车的人。Amsterdam has become very popular with cyclists
energy n.：能源；能量。help to save energy
pollution n.：污染。reduce pollution
provide v.：提供。provide free public transport
journey n.：行程；旅程。use them for short journeys
disappear v.：消失；不见。the "white bikes" all disappeared
thief n.：小偷（复数 thieves）。thieves stole them all
track v.：追踪；跟踪。a computer tracking system
destination n.：目的地。near their destination
effort n.：努力。the ideas and efforts of many people
global adj.：全球的。a global increase in bike-sharing
theft n.：偷窃；盗窃。the theft of bikes
issue n.：问题；议题。parking issues
三、一词多义与熟词生义
flat 常见义为名词“公寓、一套房间”，课文中作形容词，意为“平坦的”，说明阿姆斯特丹适合骑行的地形原因。
track 常见义为名词“跑道、轨道”，课文 a computer tracking system 中 track 转为动词“追踪”，tracking 作定语修饰 system，指“追踪系统”。
pedal 本义是“踩踏板、骑车”，课文 has pedalled its way around the world 把抽象理念比作骑车上路，形象地表达“传遍世界、走向全球”。
programme 常见义为“节目”，课文 "white bike" programmes 指“项目、计划”，是政府或机构推行的公共方案。
develop 常见义为“发展、开发”，课文 problems can also develop 中意为“（问题）产生、出现”，主语由人变为问题。
issue 常见义为“（报刊的）期号、发行”，课文 parking issues 指“停放方面的问题、难题”，与 problem 近义。
energy 常见义为人的“精力”，课文 save energy 指“节约能源”，是环保语境下的物理能量。
四、重点词块
for years 多年来
be known as 被称为；作为……而为人所知
plenty of 大量的；充足的
because of 由于；因为（后接名词）
be popular with 受……欢迎
come up with 想出；提出（主意）
be allowed to do 被允许做某事
provide sth for sb 为某人提供某物
short journeys 短途出行
in a matter of weeks 在几周之内
thanks to 多亏；幸亏
a global increase in ……的全球性增长
parking issues 停车（停放）问题
solve the problem 解决问题
五、长难句拆解
【原句 1】They believed that it would be better for everybody if cars weren't allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were.
【主干】They believed that ...（宾语从句）。
【分层】that 从句中含 it would be better for everybody 这一主句，it 为形式主语性质的指代；if 引导条件状语从句，用一般过去时 weren't allowed 与 would be 构成虚拟语气；and 连接并列的 only bicycles were，were 后省略了 allowed in the city centre，避免重复。
【译文】他们认为，如果市中心不允许汽车进入、只允许自行车通行，对所有人都会更好。
【考点】虚拟语气（would + if 过去式）；被动语态 weren't allowed；并列句中的省略。
【原句 2】People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey, so that someone else could then take it and use it from there.
【主干】People would leave the bike in the place.
【分层】where they finished their journey 为定语从句修饰 the place，where 在从句中作地点状语；so that 引导目的状语从句，could take 与 could use 为情态动词并列谓语；from there 指“从那个地方（接着骑）”。
【译文】人们会把车留在结束行程的地方，好让另一个人从那里接着骑走。
【考点】where 定语从句；so that 目的状语从句；情态动词 could 表过去的能力/可能。
【原句 3】Thus people who wanted to use them had to take them to another special parking place near their destination and leave them there.
【主干】people had to take them ... and leave them there.
【分层】who wanted to use them 为定语从句修饰 people，谓语为复数 had to；to another special parking place 为方向状语，near their destination 为介词短语后置修饰 place；and 连接 had to take 与 (had to) leave 两个动作。
【译文】因此，想用车的人必须把车送到目的地附近的另一个专用停车点，并停在那里。
【考点】who 定语从句分隔主谓；介词短语作后置定语；并列谓语中的助动词共享。
【原句 4】Thanks to the ideas and efforts of many people, like the cycling fans of the 1960s and those who enabled the return of "white bikes", you can now enjoy clean air and easy transport in central Amsterdam.
【主干】you can now enjoy clean air and easy transport.
【分层】Thanks to ... 为介词短语作原因状语，置于句首；like ... 引出举例，those 后接 who enabled the return of "white bikes" 定语从句；in central Amsterdam 为地点状语；主干为“主语+情态动词+并列宾语”。
【译文】多亏了许多人的创意与努力，比如20世纪60年代的骑行爱好者，以及那些促成“白色自行车”回归的人，如今你才能在阿姆斯特丹市中心享受清洁的空气和便捷的交通。
【考点】thanks to 原因状语；like 表举例；who 定语从句；并列宾语。
【原句 5】Nowadays, the idea of "white bikes" has pedalled its way around the world and there has been a global increase in bike-sharing.
【主干】the idea has pedalled its way ... and there has been a global increase.
【分层】and 连接两个并列分句：前一分句用现在完成时、以拟人手法说理念“骑行上路”；后一分句为 there be 句型的现在完成时 there has been，in bike-sharing 为介词短语限定 increase 的范围。
【译文】如今，“白色自行车”的理念已骑行般地传遍世界，共享单车在全球范围内不断增长。
【考点】现在完成时；there be 句型的完成时；隐喻（拟人）表达。
六、语法点清单
1. 现在完成进行时
People in Amsterdam have been enjoying the benefits of cycling for years. 结构 have/has been doing，强调动作持续至今且仍在继续，常与 for years 连用。
2. 现在完成时（含 there be 句型）
the idea has pedalled its way around the world；there has been a global increase in bike-sharing。前者强调“已传遍”的结果，后者表“一直存在并增长”。
3. 虚拟语气（if 条件句 + would）
They believed that it would be better for everybody if cars weren't allowed in the city centre. 与现在事实相反：从句用一般过去时，主句用 would + 动词原形，且整句嵌套在宾语从句中。
4. 被动语态
38% of all trips are made by bike；bicycles were painted white；The bikes were parked at special parking places。说明文重“车/出行”本身，故多用被动；by bike 表方式。
5. so that 引导目的状语从句
People would leave the bike ... so that someone else could then take it. 从句常配 can/could/may，表“以便”，主语可与主句不同。
6. where / who 引导的定语从句
in the place where they finished their journey（作地点状语）；people who wanted to use them（作主语）；those who enabled the return。先行词指地点用 where，指人用 who。
7. 一般过去时叙述历史
In the 1960s, a group of cycling fans came up with an idea；In 1999, the "white bikes" returned。讲发展史用过去时配时间状语，与讲现状的完成时形成对照。
七、逻辑链
背景（第1段）：阿姆斯特丹地势平坦、车道与停车位充足 → 38%出行靠自行车，得名“自行车之城”
↓
起源与失败（第2段）：1960年代骑行爱好者提出“白车”构想 → 涂白数百辆车自由取用 → 几周内被偷光
↓
回归与升级（第3段）：1999年“白车”重返 → 电脑追踪系统 + 专用卡 + 定点归还，用技术与管理补上漏洞
↓
小结（第4段）：归功于几代人的创意与努力 → 市民享清洁空气与便捷交通
↓
扩展（第5段）：理念“骑行”全球 → 共享单车在世界范围增长
↓
中国现状与展望（第6段）：优点（省钱省事、节能减污、健身）→ 问题（被盗、乱停）→ 求解 → 开放式提问“你决定”
全文为“现象—历史—现状—展望”的说明文：第1段以地形和数据交代背景；第2—3段按时间顺序写同一理念的“失败—改进”；第4段总结人的作用；第5—6段由世界落到中国，以问句收尾。
八、写作迁移
模板 1：People in ... have been enjoying the benefits of ... for years.
课文：People in Amsterdam have been enjoying the benefits of cycling for years.
仿写：People in our city have been enjoying the benefits of shared bikes for years.（我们城市的人多年来一直享受着共享单车的好处。）——开头交代长期受益。
模板 2：... is a good city for ... because it's ... and therefore convenient for ...
课文：Amsterdam is a good city for cycling because it's flat and therefore convenient for bikes.
仿写：Our town is a good place for walking because it's small and therefore convenient for pedestrians.（我们小镇适合步行，因为面积小，对行人方便。）——说明某地适合做某事的原因。
模板 3：They believed that it would be better for everybody if ... weren't allowed ... and only ... were.
课文：They believed that it would be better for everybody if cars weren't allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were.
仿写：They believed that it would be better for everybody if plastic bags weren't allowed in the park and only paper ones were.（他们认为公园若禁用塑料袋、只允许纸袋，对所有人更好。）——表达虚拟设想与主张。
模板 4：... so that someone else could then ...
课文：People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey, so that someone else could then take it and use it from there.
仿写：Students should return the books on time, so that someone else could then borrow them.（学生应按时还书，以便他人借阅。）——说明规则背后的目的。
模板 5：Thanks to ..., you can now enjoy ...
课文：Thanks to the ideas and efforts of many people, you can now enjoy clean air and easy transport in central Amsterdam.
仿写：Thanks to the efforts of many volunteers, you can now enjoy a clean and quiet riverside in our city.（多亏志愿者努力，如今你才能享受干净安静的河岸。）——结尾归功于人、点明成果。
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