Reading and Thinking 课文精读 · 丛林里的志愿行动
一、课文原文及逐段翻译
第1段
I just got a parcel from home! It took about two weeks to arrive, and it was a bit damaged, but it was so nice to get some sweets and jam from home; I've been dying to have some of my favourite sweets, and it's always nice to get mail.
我刚收到一个从家里寄来的包裹！大约花了两周的时间包裹才到达，而且有点破损，但是真高兴能收到家里寄来的一些糖果和果酱；我一直非常渴望吃一些我最喜欢的糖果，而且收到邮包总是令人开心不已。
第2段
So I've been here in the jungle for about a month now. My secondary school is a bush school. The classrooms are made of bamboo, with clay floors and roofs of grass. It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds. When I reach the school grounds, I'm greeted by a chorus of "good morning" from the boys. Unlike students in our country, these boys do not wear cotton uniforms, and many of them also have to walk a long way, sometimes for up to two hours, just to get to school.
到现在我已经在丛林里待了大约一个月了。我所在的中学是一所丛林学校。教室是用竹子搭建的，黏土夯的地面，茅草搭的屋顶。沿着杂草丛生、尘土飞扬的小路，我几分钟就能走到学校。我走进校园时，男孩们齐声对我喊"早上好"。与我们国家的学生不同，这些男孩不穿棉制校服，他们中的很多人得长途跋涉，有时长达两个小时才能到学校。
第3段
There's no electricity, running water or even textbooks, not to mention laptops, tablets, or other modern devices! All the students have are pencils, rubbers, and paper. I'm still trying to adapt to these conditions. I've had to become much more imaginative in my teaching. Science is my most challenging subject as my students have no concept of doing experiments. There is no equipment, and since there isn't even a washroom, if I need water I have to carry it from my house in a basin! It's important not to be too rigid about rules here, too. The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere! The class became a circus as the boys, who had never come across anything like this before, started jumping out of the windows. Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students ---- few will ever become chemists ---- and most will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway. To be honest, I doubt whether I'm making any difference to these boys' lives at all.
这里没有电，没有自来水，甚至也没有教科书，更不用说笔记本电脑、平板电脑或其他现代化设备了！学生们只有铅笔、橡皮和纸。我还在努力适应这些条件。在我的教学中，我不得不变得更有想象力。科学课是我最具挑战性的科目，因为我的学生没有做实验的概念。这里没有设备，甚至连洗手间都没有。如果需要水，我得用盆子从我的房子里端来！在这里，很重要的一点是也不能太墨守成规。几天前，我正在给男孩们演示一个化学实验，在我反应过来前，混合物冒着泡从试管中涌出，洒得到处都是！班上乱成了马戏团，男孩们纷纷跳窗跑走，因为他们以前从没遇到过像这样的事情。有时，我会想化学对这些学生来说到底有多大的用处——几乎没有人会成为化学家——而且大多数人无论如何八年级后都要回到自己的村庄。说实话，我怀疑我是否能给这些男孩们的生活带来一些不同。
第4段
Last weekend I made my first visit to a remote village, home to one of our students, Tombe. Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours to get there ---- first, up a mountain from where we had fantastic views, and then down a shaded path to the valley below. When we arrived at the village, Tombe's mother, Kiak, saw us coming and started crying "ieee ieee". We shook hands with all the villagers. Everyone seemed to be related to Tombe.
上周末，我第一次去了一个偏远的村庄，我们的学生汤贝的家在那里。我和另一位老师步行了两个半小时才到达那里——首先，爬上一座山，在山上我们看到了美妙的景色，然后沿着一条树荫遮蔽的小路走到下面的山谷。我们到达村子时，汤贝的母亲齐亚克看见我们到来，就"唉咿——唉咿"地叫了起来。我们和所有的村民握手。每个人似乎都是汤贝的亲戚。
第5段
Tombe's father, Mukap, a man with a strong jaw and a wrinkled forehead, led us to his house, a low, round bamboo hut with no windows, with a door just big enough to get through, and with grass sticking out of the roof ---- this shows it is a man's house. Such housing is dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust. Fresh grass had been laid on the floor and there was a platform for Jenny and me to sleep on. There was a fireplace in the centre of the hut. The only possessions I could see were one broom, a few saucers, a kettle, cups, pans, and a couple of Jars.
汤贝的父亲穆卡普，一位下巴结实、额头满是皱纹的男人，把我们带到他的房子前：一座低矮的圆形竹屋，没有窗户，门的宽度仅够单人穿过，屋顶伸出一簇茅草——这表明这是一个男人的房子。这样的房屋里面很暗，所以过了一会儿我们的眼睛才适应过来。地上铺着新草，还有一个让我和珍妮睡觉的平台。屋子中央有个火炉。我能看到的物品只有一把扫帚、几个碟子、一个水壶，还有几个杯子、平底锅和罐子。
第6段
Mukap built a fire outside and laid stones on it to heat. He then placed the hot stones in an empty oil drum with kau kau (sweet potato) ripe corn, and greens. He then covered the vegetables with banana leaves and left them to steam. It smelled delicious. We ate inside the hut sitting round the fire. I loved listening to the family talking softly to each other in their language, even though I could not participate much in the conversation. Luckily, Tombe interpreted for us.
穆卡普在屋外生了火，然后把石头放在上面加热。接着，他把热石头放入一个空油桶，里面有考考（甘薯）、熟玉米和青菜。然后他用香蕉叶盖住蔬菜，把它们蒸上。食物闻起来很香。我们在屋内围着火炉吃饭。我喜欢听这家人用他们的语言轻声地交谈，虽然我无法过多参与他们的谈话，幸好汤贝为我们做了解说。
第7段
Later, I noticed a can standing upside down on the grill over the fire. After a while, Tombe threw it out of the doorway. Tombe told me that the can was heated to dry out the leftover food. His family believes that leftovers attract bad spirits in the night, so any leftover food is dried up in a can and the can is then thrown out of the hut.
后来，我注意到有一个罐子倒立在火炉上面的烤架上。过了一会儿，汤贝把它扔出门口去。他告诉我说，加热罐子是为了烤干剩菜。他们家相信剩菜会在夜晚引来恶灵，所以所有的剩菜都放在罐子里烤干，然后再把罐子扔到屋外。
第8段
We left the village the next morning after many goodbyes and firm handshakes. My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we dragged ourselves down the mountain towards home. That evening I fell happily into bed. It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe's family.
次日清晨，多次互道再见和紧紧握手之后，我们离开了村庄。当我们拖着沉重的步伐下山回家时，我浑身肌肉酸痛，双膝颤抖。那天晚上，我心满意足地一头栽倒在床上。与汤贝一家共度了一日，真是一种荣幸。
二、重点单词
parcel n.：包裹；小包。I just got a parcel from home!
jungle n.：丛林；密林。I've been here in the jungle for about a month.
bush n.：灌木丛；丛林（常指偏远荒僻之地）。My secondary school is a bush school.
secondary adj.：中学的；次要的。My secondary school is a bush school.
bamboo n.：竹子。The classrooms are made of bamboo.
clay n.：黏土；泥土。with clay floors and roofs of grass
dusty adj.：布满灰尘的；尘土飞扬的。down a dusty track covered in weeds
track n.：小路；小径；轨道。a dusty track covered in weeds
chorus n.：齐声；合唱；异口同声。I'm greeted by a chorus of "good morning".
cotton n.：棉花；棉布。these boys do not wear cotton uniforms
device n.：设备；装置；器具。laptops, tablets, or other modern devices
adapt v.：适应；使适应。I'm still trying to adapt to these conditions.
imaginative adj.：富有想象力的；有创意的。I've had to become much more imaginative in my teaching.
challenging adj.：有挑战性的；困难的。Science is my most challenging subject.
concept n.：概念；观念。my students have no concept of doing experiments
rigid adj.：死板的；严格的；僵硬的。It's important not to be too rigid about rules.
mixture n.：混合物。the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube
spill v.：溢出；洒出。spilling everywhere
relevant adj.：相关的；有关的。how relevant chemistry is to these students
remote adj.：偏远的；遥远的。I made my first visit to a remote village.
jaw n.：下巴；颌。a man with a strong jaw
wrinkled adj.：有皱纹的。a wrinkled forehead
hut n.：小屋；简陋的茅舍。a low, round bamboo hut with no windows
adjust v.：适应；调整。it took time for our eyes to adjust
platform n.：平台；讲台。a platform for Jenny and me to sleep on
fireplace n.：壁炉；火炉。There was a fireplace in the centre of the hut.
possession n.：所有物；财产。The only possessions I could see were ...
drum n.：鼓；桶。an empty oil drum
steam v.：蒸；冒蒸汽。left them to steam
leftover n.：剩饭菜；残余物。dry out the leftover food
spirit n.：神灵；精神；灵魂。leftovers attract bad spirits in the night
privilege n.：荣幸；殊荣；特权。It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe's family.
drag v.：拖；拉；缓慢而费力地移动。as we dragged ourselves down the mountain
三、一词多义与熟词生义
bush 常见义指"灌木丛、矮树丛"，课文 bush school 中引申为"丛林中、偏远简陋的"，形容条件艰苦的乡村学校。
track 常见义为"轨道、踪迹、追踪"，课文 a dusty track 指"乡间小路、小径"，是具体的土路。
chorus 常见义为"合唱（团）"，课文 a chorus of "good morning" 引申为"齐声、异口同声地说"，用作量词性搭配。
drum 常见义为"鼓（乐器）"，课文 an empty oil drum 指"油桶"，是日常容器义，与乐器无关。
circus 常见义为"马戏团"，课文 The class became a circus 引申为"乱成一团、闹哄哄的场面"，形容实验意外后的混乱。
spirit 常见义为"精神、心灵"，课文 bad spirits 指"恶灵、鬼怪"，是当地文化信仰中的超自然存在。
drag 常见义为"拖、拉（重物）"，课文 dragged ourselves down the mountain 指"拖着沉重的脚步、艰难地挪动"，强调疲惫。
privilege 常见义为"特权、特殊待遇"，课文 It was such a privilege 转为"荣幸、殊荣"，是褒义用法。
四、重点词块
get a parcel from home 收到家里寄来的包裹
be dying to do 渴望做某事；极度想做
a bush school 丛林学校
be made of 由……制成（看得见原材料）
down a dusty track 沿着一条尘土飞扬的小路
a chorus of "good morning" 齐声喊"早上好"
up to two hours 长达两小时
not to mention 更不用说；且不提
adapt to 适应（新环境、条件）
have no concept of 没有……的概念
be rigid about 对（规则等）死板/严格
the other day 几天前；不久前
come across 偶然遇到；碰见
be relevant to 与……相关；对……有用
to be honest 说实话；老实说
make a difference 产生影响；起作用；带来改变
a remote village 偏远的村庄
be related to 与……有亲戚关系
take time to adjust 花时间适应
dry out 把……烘干；使变干
throw out 扔出；丢弃
drag oneself down 拖着脚步走下
such a privilege 一种莫大的荣幸
五、长难句拆解
【原句 1】The classrooms are made of bamboo, with clay floors and roofs of grass.
【主干】The classrooms are made of bamboo.
【分层】with clay floors and roofs of grass 为 with 复合结构（with + 名词 + 介词短语），作伴随或补充说明，描述教室的地面与屋顶材质；made of 表示"由……制成"，能看出原材料。
【译文】教室是用竹子搭建的，黏土夯的地面，茅草搭的屋顶。
【考点】with 复合结构作补充说明；be made of 表材质。
【原句 2】The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere!
【主干】I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when the mixture was bubbling out.
【分层】be doing ... when ... 为"正在做某事，这时（突然）……"句型；before I knew it 为时间状语，意为"在我反应过来之前"；bubbling out of the test tube 为现在分词短语作谓语伴随；spilling everywhere 为另一现在分词短语作结果状语。
【译文】几天前，我正在给男孩们演示一个化学实验，在我反应过来前，混合物冒着泡从试管中涌出，洒得到处都是！
【考点】be doing ... when ... 固定句型；现在分词作伴随/结果状语；before 引导的时间状语。
【原句 3】Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students ---- few will ever become chemists ---- and most will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway.
【主干】I wonder how relevant chemistry is, and most will be going back.
【分层】how relevant chemistry is to these students 为 wonder 后接的宾语从句，relevant 作表语；破折号之间 few will ever become chemists 为插入语，补充说明；and 连接并列谓语；after Year 8 为时间状语；anyway 为评注性状语，表"无论如何、反正"。
【译文】有时，我会想化学对这些学生来说到底有多大的用处——几乎没有人会成为化学家——而且大多数人无论如何八年级后都要回到自己的村庄。
【考点】how 引导的宾语从句；插入语；并列句；将来进行时（will be going）。
【原句 4】Tombe's father, Mukap, a man with a strong jaw and a wrinkled forehead, led us to his house, a low, round bamboo hut with no windows, with a door just big enough to get through, and with grass sticking out of the roof ---- this shows it is a man's house.
【主干】Tombe's father led us to his house.
【分层】Mukap 为 Tombe's father 的同位语；a man with a strong jaw and a wrinkled forehead 为 Mukap 的同位语，其中 with ... 为介词短语作后置定语；a low, round bamboo hut ... 为 his house 的同位语，其后三个 with 复合结构（with no windows / with a door ... / with grass sticking out ...）并列修饰 hut；破折号后 this shows it is a man's house 为补充说明的并列句，含一个省略 that 的宾语从句。
【译文】汤贝的父亲穆卡普，一位下巴结实、额头满是皱纹的男人，把我们带到他的房子前：一座低矮的圆形竹屋，没有窗户，门的宽度仅够单人穿过，屋顶伸出一簇茅草——这表明这是一个男人的房子。
【考点】多重同位语；with 复合结构的并列；现在分词 sticking out 作宾补；省略 that 的宾语从句。
【原句 5】My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we dragged ourselves down the mountain towards home.
【主干】My muscles were aching and my knees shaking.
【分层】and 连接两个"主语 + 现在分词"的并列结构（my knees shaking 为省略 were 的并列谓语）；as 引导时间状语从句，意为"当……时候"；down the mountain towards home 为方向状语。
【译文】当我们拖着沉重的步伐下山回家时，我浑身肌肉酸痛，双膝颤抖。
【考点】as 引导的时间状语从句；并列的"主语 + 分词"结构（省略系动词）。
六、语法点清单
1. 现在完成进行时（have been doing）
I've been here in the jungle ...；I've been dying to have some of my favourite sweets。强调动作从过去开始持续到现在，常与 for / since 连用，表达"一直……"。
2. 一般过去时（日记体叙事主体）
got, took, was, made, walked, led, built, noticed, threw 等。日记按时间顺序记录已发生的事，主体时态为一般过去时。
3. 现在完成时（have done）
I've had to become ...；All the students have are ...（口语化省略）；His family believes（一般现在，表长期信仰）。用于说明过去发生、与现在有联系的动作或状态。
4. 过去完成时被动语态（had been done）
Fresh grass had been laid on the floor。表示"过去的过去"完成的动作，且主语为承受者。
5. with 复合结构
with clay floors and roofs of grass；with a door just big enough to get through；with grass sticking out of the roof。结构为 with + 宾语 + 形容词/介词短语/现在分词，作伴随、补充或方式状语。
6. be doing ... when ... 句型
I was showing the boys ... when, before I knew it, ...。表示"正在进行某事，突然发生另一事"，when 此处意为"这时、突然"。
7. 分词作定语与状语
a dusty track covered in weeds（过去分词作后置定语）；spilling everywhere（现在分词作结果状语）；a man with a strong jaw（介词短语作定语）。
8. 破折号与插入语
few will ever become chemists；this shows it is a man's house。破折号引出补充说明或同位解释，使叙述更口语化、更具日记体真实感。
七、逻辑链
第一则日记（3月8日）· 校园与课堂
↓
收包裹的喜悦（第1段）：家书与糖果带来慰藉 → 点出"我"身处异国丛林
↓
环境与学情（第2段）：丛林学校 bamboo 教室 → 男孩们无校服、长途上学
↓
教学困境（第3段）：无电无水无设备 → 科学课靠想象力 → 实验意外成"马戏团" → 自疑"能否带来改变"
↓
第二则日记（4月17日）· 家访
↓
远行家访（第4段）：步行两小时进偏远村庄 → 村民热情（哭喊、握手、皆亲戚）
↓
走进竹屋（第5段）：Mukap 引路 → 低矮圆竹屋细节 → 屋内陈设极简
↓
部落生活（第6—7段）：屋外火堆蒸食 → 围火夜谈 → 倒立罐子驱恶灵的民风
↓
离去感悟（第8段）：下山疲惫 → 能共度一日"是一份荣幸"
这是一篇"日记体 + 第一人称"的志愿者叙事：第1—3段以校园为场景，呈现物质匮乏下的教学挑战与自我怀疑；第4—7段以家访为场景，用大量细节描写当地质朴生活与民风；第8段收束于心灵触动。两则日记由"困惑"走向"理解"，情感线索由疏离到共情。
八、写作迁移
模板 1：I've been dying to do ...
课文：I've been dying to have some of my favourite sweets.
仿写：I've been dying to hear from my old friends back home.（我一直特别渴望收到家乡老友的来信。）——用于表达强烈的期盼。
模板 2：The classrooms are made of ..., with ... and ...
课文：The classrooms are made of bamboo, with clay floors and roofs of grass.
仿写：The cottage is made of wood, with a small yard and a roof of tiles.（这座小屋是木结构的，带一个小院子和瓦片屋顶。）——用于描写建筑材质与构造。
模板 3：It's important not to be too rigid about ...
课文：It's important not to be too rigid about rules here, too.
仿写：It's important not to be too rigid about plans when travelling.（旅行时，对计划不要太死板也很重要。）——用于提出柔性建议。
模板 4：To be honest, I doubt whether ...
课文：To be honest, I doubt whether I'm making any difference to these boys' lives at all.
仿写：To be honest, I doubt whether this method really works.（说实话，我怀疑这个方法是否真的有效。）——用于坦诚表达疑虑。
模板 5：It was such a privilege to have done ...
课文：It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe's family.
仿写：It was such a privilege to have met so many kind strangers on the trip.（此行结识了这么多好心的陌生人，真是一份荣幸。）——用于结尾表达感恩与荣幸。
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