Reading for Writing 课文精读 · 挡道的石头
一、课文原文及逐段翻译
第1段
Once upon a time there was a king who often thought, “Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.” One day, he had an idea.
从前有个国王，他经常思考："如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，而且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题，那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。" 有一天，他想到一个办法。
第2段
Early one morning, the king disguised himself and went to a local village. He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the stone. Then he hid behind a huge maple tree and watched.
一天清晨，国王乔装打扮一番后，来到了当地的一座村庄。他在主路中间放了一块大石头，并且在石头下面藏了几枚金币。然后，他就躲在一棵大枫树后观察。
第3段
The first person down the street was a milkman with his cart. He crashed into the stone, spilling the milk everywhere, “What fool put this stone here?” he shouted. He picked himself up and angrily went away.
路上走来的第一个人是推着车子的送奶工。他撞到石头上，把牛奶泼得到处都是，他大喊："哪个傻瓜把石头放在这儿了？" 他从地上爬起来，气呼呼地走了。
第4段
After a while, a group of women came along, each balancing a pot of water on her head. One woman tripped over the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground. She picked herself up and limped away in tears. Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，她们每个人头上都顶着一罐水。其中一个女人被石头绊倒了，水罐也摔到地上。她从地上爬起来，噙着泪一瘸一拐地走了。无论是她自己，还是她的同伴，都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。
第5段
The king watched all day as many people complained about the stone, but he found nobody making an attempt to move it. The king was in despair. “Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm?”
国王观察了一整天，看到许多人都在埋怨这块石头，却没人试着把它挪开。国王绝望了。"难道整个村子都没有一个人觉得有责任让邻居免遭不测吗？"
第6段
Just then, the king saw a young girl coming along. She was the daughter of a local farmer. She had been working all day and was very tired. But when she saw the stone, she said to herself, “This stone is a danger to anyone who comes down the street after dark. I’ll move it out of the way.”
就在这时，国王看见一个年轻的姑娘迎面走来。小姑娘是当地一位农民的女儿。忙活了一天，她疲惫不堪。然而，当她看到那块石头，她自言自语道："对于天黑以后走在这条路上的人来说，这块石头很危险，我得把它从这条路上挪开。"
第7段
The girl pushed the stone with all her might. After a great deal of effort, she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street. Imagine her surprise when she saw the gold coins where the stone had been!
女孩使出了全身力气去推石头。费了好大一番工夫，她终于成功地把石头推到了路边。想象一下，当她看到原先石头所在之处的金币时有多么惊讶！
第8段
Just then, the king stepped out from behind the tree. “Oh sir,” the girl said, “does this gold belong to you? If not, we surely must find the owner, for he will certainly miss it.”
此时，国王从树后走了出来。"哦，先生，"女孩说道，"这些金币是您的吗？如果不是的话，我们得找到失主，他一定十分着急。"
第9段
The king said, “My dear, the gold is mine. I put it in the road and moved the stone over it. Now the gold is yours, because you are the only person who has learnt the lesson I wanted to teach my people.”
国王答道："亲爱的，金币是我的，是我把它放在了路上，然后把石头压在上面。现在，金币归你了，因为我想教给我的子民的道理，只有你一人学会了。"
二、重点单词
complain v.：抱怨；投诉。whose people only complain
disguise v.：伪装；假扮。the king disguised himself
maple n.：枫树；槭树。behind a huge maple tree
milkman n.：送奶工。The first person ... was a milkman
crash v.：碰撞；坠毁。He crashed into the stone
balance v.：使平衡；权衡。each balancing a pot of water
trip v.：绊倒；旅行。One woman tripped over the stone
limp v.：跛行；一瘸一拐地走。limped away in tears
despair n. / v.：绝望。The king was in despair.
responsibility n.：责任。feels any responsibility
harm n. / v.：伤害；损害。keep their neighbours from harm
might n.：力量；威力。with all her might
belong v.：属于。does this gold belong to you?
owner n.：主人；所有者。find the owner
lesson n.：教训；课。the lesson I wanted to teach
三、一词多义与熟词生义
might 常见义作情态动词"可能、可以"，课文中 with all her might 作名词，意为"力气、力量"。
balance 常见义作名词"平衡"，课文中作动词，意为"使……保持平衡（顶在头上）"。
crash 常见义"坠毁（飞机 / 车辆）"，课文中 crash into 指"撞上（石头）"。
trip 常见义作名词"旅行"，课文中 trip over 作动词短语，意为"被……绊倒"。
lesson 常见义"功课、课程"，课文中 the lesson I wanted to teach 指"道理、教训"。
harm 常见义作动词"伤害"，课文中 from harm 作名词，意为"伤害、危险"。
四、重点词块
once upon a time 从前（故事开头）
complain and expect others to 抱怨并期待别人……
disguise oneself 乔装打扮；伪装自己
in the middle of 在……中间
crash into 撞上
pick oneself up 自己爬起来
trip over 被……绊倒
in tears 含着泪；哭泣着
neither ... nor ... 既不……也不……
make an attempt to 试图做；尝试
keep ... from 使……免于；阻止
say to oneself 自言自语
out of the way 不挡道；挪开
with all one’s might 使出全身力气
a great deal of 大量的
succeed in doing 成功做成
belong to 属于
五、长难句拆解
【原句 1】Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.
【主干】Nothing good can come to a nation ...
【分层】good 为形容词作后置定语修饰 Nothing；whose people only complain ... 为 whose 引导的定语从句修饰 nation；and 连接 complain 与 expect 两个并列谓语，expect 后接宾语 + 不定式 to solve。
【译文】如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，并期待别人来解决他们的问题，那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。
【考点】形容词后置定语；whose 定语从句；expect sb to do。
【原句 2】After a while, a group of women came along, each balancing a pot of water on her head.
【主干】a group of women came along.
【分层】After a while 为时间状语；each balancing a pot of water on her head 为"代词 + 现在分词"构成的独立主格结构，补充说明伴随状态。
【译文】过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，她们每个人头上都顶着一罐水。
【考点】独立主格（each + doing）；现在分词表伴随。
【原句 3】Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
【主干】Neither she nor her friends thought about ...
【分层】Neither ... nor ... 连接两个并列主语，谓语动词与靠近的 her friends 保持一致（就近原则）；about moving 中 moving 为动名词作宾语。
【译文】无论是她自己，还是她的同伴，都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。
【考点】neither ... nor 就近原则；动名词作宾语。
【原句 4】Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm?
【主干】Is there no one ... who feels any responsibility ...?
【分层】in this village 为地点状语；who feels any responsibility ... 为定语从句修饰 no one；to keep their neighbours from harm 为不定式作后置定语修饰 responsibility。
【译文】难道整个村子都没有一个人觉得有责任让邻居免遭不测吗？
【考点】who 定语从句；不定式作定语；keep ... from 结构。
【原句 5】Imagine her surprise when she saw the gold coins where the stone had been!
【主干】Imagine her surprise ...
【分层】Imagine 后接宾语 her surprise；when she saw ... 为时间状语从句；where the stone had been 为 where 引导的地点状语从句，且用过去完成时表示"石头原先所在"。
【译文】想象一下，当她看到原先石头所在之处的金币时有多么惊讶！
【考点】祈使句；when 时间状语从句；where 地点状语从句；过去完成时。
六、语法点清单
1. 独立主格结构
each balancing a pot of water on her head。结构为"名词 / 代词 + 分词"，在句中作状语，逻辑主语与主句不同。
2. neither ... nor 就近原则
Neither she nor her friends thought ...。谓语与最近的主语（her friends）一致，用复数。
3. 定语从句（whose / who / where / when）
whose people ...；who feels ...；where the stone had been；when she saw ...。注意关系词的选择与从句时态。
4. 动名词作宾语
thought about moving；succeeded in moving。介词 / 固定搭配后接 doing。
5. 过去完成时
where the stone had been。表示"过去的过去"，强调石头被移走之前的所在。
6. 直接引语与反义疑问句式
故事大量使用直接引语（"What fool ...?" "Oh sir, ..."），以及 Is there no one ...? 这种否定式疑问表强调。
七、逻辑链
起（第1—2段）：国王忧民"只抱怨不行动" → 设局（石下藏金）
↓
承（第3—5段）：送奶工、妇女群、全村人——皆抱怨、皆绕行、皆不挪石
↓
转（第6—8段）：疲惫女孩却主动移石、拾金不昧 → 国王现身
↓
合（第9段）：金币归女孩，点明"责任与行动"的寓意
这是一篇"寓言故事"：以对比手法（众人抱怨 vs 女孩行动；贪念 vs 诚实）推进情节，结尾点题——真正的美德是"主动承担责任、不占不义之财"。
八、写作迁移
模板 1：Once upon a time there was ... who ...
课文：Once upon a time there was a king who often thought ...
仿写：Once upon a time there was an old man who planted a tree every spring.（从前有位老人，每年春天都种一棵树。）——用于寓言 / 故事开头。
模板 2：Instead of doing A, sb did B.
课文：（隐含）众人绕行，女孩却移石。Neither she nor her friends thought about moving ...
仿写：Instead of complaining, the girl took action.（女孩没有抱怨，而是采取了行动。）——用于对比"抱怨"与"行动"。
模板 3：With all one’s might, sb did ...
课文：The girl pushed the stone with all her might.
仿写：He pulled the rope with all his might to save the child.（他使出全身力气拉绳子去救孩子。）——用于写"竭尽全力"。
模板 4：If not, we must ...
课文：If not, we surely must find the owner, for he will certainly miss it.
仿写：If not, we must return it to the lost-and-found.（如果不是，我们必须把它交到失物招领处。）——用于写"拾金不昧"。
模板 5：... because you are the only person who ...
课文：because you are the only person who has learnt the lesson I wanted to teach.
仿写：You deserve the prize because you are the only person who never gave up.（你理应获奖，因为你是唯一一个从未放弃的人。）——用于"唯一性"理由。
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