一、课文原文及逐段翻译
Unit Eight Lesson 1 The Last Leaf／最后一片叶子
第1段原文：Greenwich Village is a place where the art people came together, hunting for apartments with north-facing windows and low rents. At the top of a three-story building, Sue and Johnsy had their studio.
译文：格林威治村是个艺术人士聚集的地方，他们在那里寻找窗户朝北且租金低廉的公寓。苏和约翰西的画室就在一座三层楼的顶楼。
第2段原文：In November, a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, arrived in Greenwich Village. Mr Pneumonia placed his icy finger on Johnsy; and she lay, barely moving, in her bed staring at a blank wall under her blanket.
译文：十一月的时候，一个冷酷无情、肉眼看不见、医生称之为“肺炎”的不速之客，来到了格林威治村。“肺炎先生”把他冰冷的手指放在约翰西身上，于是她躺在床上，几乎不动，盖着毯子，眼睛盯着一堵空墙。
第3段原文：The doctor took Sue aside and claimed, “She has one chance in—let us say, ten. And that chance is for her to want to live. Try to encourage her to think more hopeful thoughts, about the future, about living.”
译文：医生把苏拉到一边，说：“她的病只有，这么说吧，只有一成希望，这一成希望在于她自己要不要活下去。试着鼓励她多想想有希望的事情、想想未来、想想活下去。”
第4段原文：Sue took some paper and a pen into Johnsy’s room and began a pen drawing, in an attempt to raise Johnsy’s spirits. Johnsy’s eyes were open, but they weren’t watching her. Instead, she stared out the window and counted backwards: “Ten, nine, eight, seven ...”
译文：苏拿了几张纸和一支钢笔来到约翰西的房间，开始画钢笔画，试着让约翰西打起精神。约翰西的眼睛是睁着的，但并没有看苏。相反，她望向窗外，倒数着：“十，九，八，七……”
第5段原文：“What are you counting, dear?” asked Sue. “They’re falling faster now,” replied Johnsy. “Three days ago there were almost a hundred. But now it’s easy. There are only five left now. Five leaves on the ivy vine. When the last one falls, I must go, too. Didn’t the doctor tell you?”
译文：“你在数什么啊，亲爱的?”苏问道。“它们现在掉得更快了，三天前差不多还有一百来片。现在数起来容易了，只剩下五片了。常春藤上有五片叶子。当最后一片掉下来的时候，我就要离开人世了，难道医生没有说吗?”约翰西回答说。
第6段原文：“Oh, I never heard of such nonsense,” quickly replied Sue. But Johnsy’s mind was made up. “I want to see the last one fall. I’m tired of waiting. I want to go sailing down, down, just like one of those poor, tired leaves.”
译文：“哦，我从未听过这么荒谬的话。”苏立刻答到。但是约翰西决心已定。“我想看着最后一片叶子掉下来，我已经等腻了。我想随风而逝，就像一片可怜的、疲倦的藤叶一样。”
第7段原文：“Try to sleep,” said Sue. Then she went to fetch her neighbour, Mr Behrman, to be a model for her drawing. He was a failed painter. In 40 years he had never produced the masterpiece he longed to paint. Sue told him about Johnsy’s longing to slip away like the leaves. Behrman cried with disbelief. “Are there people in the world that foolish to think they’ll die because leaves drop off from a vine? This is not a place in which Miss Johnsy shall lie sick. Someday I will paint a masterpiece, and we shall all go away.”
译文：“试着睡一会儿吧，”苏说道。然后她去叫邻居伯曼先生来做绘画模特。他是个失败的画手，40年来，他从未创作出他所渴望的杰作。苏告诉他约翰西想要像树叶一样流逝。伯曼不可置信地喊道：“世界上竟有这种傻子，认为藤叶落掉他们就得死?约翰西小姐实在不应该躺在这里生病。总有一天我要画一幅杰作，然后我们就可以离开这里。”
第8段原文：Behrman and Sue looked out the window at the vine and noticed that there was just one remaining leaf. What’s more, a cold rain was falling, mixed with snow.
译文：伯曼和苏望着窗外的藤蔓，发现藤枝上只剩下最后一片叶子了。更糟糕的是，外面下起冰冷的雨来，雨夹着雪。
第9段原文：The next morning, Johnsy woke and asked for the curtains to be opened. One leaf remained on the vine, bravely holding on in the wind and rain. “It will fall today. And I will die with it.”
译文：第二天早上，约翰西醒来，让打开窗帘。藤上还留着一片叶子，在风雨中勇敢地撑着。“它今天会掉下来的，我也会和它一同死去。”
第10段原文：The following day, Johnsy asked again for the curtains to be opened. The leaf was still there!
译文：又过了一天，约翰西又让打开窗帘。叶子还在那儿！
第11段原文：Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it. “I’ve been a bad girl, Sue,” said Johnsy. “It is a crime to want to die.” Then she asked for some food.
译文：约翰西躺了很久，看着它说：“我真是一个坏姑娘，苏，不想活下去是罪恶。”约翰西说，然后她要了些吃的。
第12段原文：In the afternoon, the doctor visited, “Even chances,” said the doctor, “with good nursing, you’ll win. And now I must see a fellow downstairs, Behrman. Pneumonia, too. There is no hope for him.”
译文：下午，医生来了，“康复的希望有五成了，只要好好护理，你会胜利的。现在我得去楼下看另一个病人，贝尔曼先生，也是肺炎。他没有希望了。”
第13段原文：The next day, Sue came to Johnsy’s bed. “I have something to tell you,” she said. “Mr Behrman died today. He was ill for only two days. The janitor found him lying in bed helplessly with pain yesterday morning. His shoes and clothing were wet through and icy cold. They couldn’t imagine where he had been on such a terrible night. And then they found a lantern, still lit, and some brushes, and—look out the window, dear, at the last ivy leaf on the wall. Didn’t you wonder why it never moved an inch when the wind blew? Ah, dear, it’s Behrman’s masterpiece—he painted it there the night when the last leaf fell.”
译文：再过了一天，苏来到约翰西的床前。“我有些话要告诉你。”她说，“伯曼先生今天去世了。他生病只有两天时间。昨天早晨，看门人发现他无助地躺在床上，极度痛苦。他的鞋和衣服都湿透了，冰凉冰凉的。他们想不出，在那凄风冷雨的夜里，他究竟是到什么地方去了。后来，他们找到了一盏还亮着的灯笼，还有几支画刷—一亲爱的，看看窗外，墙上最后的那片叶子。你不觉得奇怪嘛，为什么那片叶子在风中一动不动呢？啊，亲爱的，因为那是伯曼的杰作——那天晚上最后的一片叶子掉落时，他画上去的。”
二、重点单词
studio n. a room where an artist works 画室；课文原句：Sue and Johnsy had their studio.
pneumonia n. a serious lung illness 肺炎；课文把疾病拟人化为 Mr Pneumonia / a cold, unseen stranger。
blanket n. a thick warm cover 毯子；课文 under her blanket。
claim v. to say something is true without proof 声称、断言；课文原句：The doctor took Sue aside and claimed...（引语前的报道动词）。
curtain n. a piece of cloth hung at a window 窗帘；ask for the curtains to be opened 要求把窗帘拉开。
vine n. a climbing plant 藤蔓；课文 the ivy vine 常春藤。
nonsense n. ideas that are silly or untrue 胡说、荒谬的话；课文原句：I never heard of such nonsense.
masterpiece n. the best piece of work an artist has made 杰作；全文关键词，前后出现三次形成呼应。
disbelief n. the feeling of not believing 不信、疑惑；cry with disbelief 不可置信地喊道。
janitor n. a person employed to look after a building 看门人；课文原句：The janitor found him lying in bed helplessly.
lantern n. a portable lamp 灯笼；与 brushes 一起构成结尾的破案线索。
brush n. a tool used for painting 画笔；此处为名词，与他动词用法区分。
inch n. a unit of length 英寸；not move an inch 一寸也不动。
nursing n. the care given to sick people 护理；课文 with good nursing, you'll win。
crime n. an act that is seriously wrong 罪、罪过；课文 It is a crime to want to die（形式主语 + 不定式）。
三、一词多义和熟词生义
place：熟义 n. 地方 → 课文义 v. 放置、把……搁在。Mr Pneumonia placed his icy finger on Johnsy 「肺炎先生」把冰冷的手指按在约翰西身上；拟人化动词让疾病有了动作。
count：熟义 v. 数数 → 课文 counted backwards 倒数；由「十、九、八、七」的递减制造倒计时般的压迫感。
mind：熟义 n. 头脑、心思 → Johnsy's mind was made up 是 make up one's mind（下定决心）的被动式，不可逐字译成「头脑被制作」。
chance：熟义 n. 机会 → 课文义 n. 可能性、希望。one chance in ten 一成希望；Even chances 五成希望（成败各半）。同词不同量，靠上下文判断。
slip away：熟义「悄悄溜走」→ 课文婉指「离世」。Johnsy's longing to slip away like the leaves 想如藤叶般逝去，是委婉语（euphemism）。
go / fall：熟义「去 / 落下」→ When the last one falls, I must go, too 中 go 与 fall 都指向死亡；结尾 the night when the last leaf fell 与之形成首尾扣合。
四、重点词块
【场景与动作】
1. at the top of a three-story building 在三层楼的顶层 2. take Sue aside 把苏拉到一边 3. stare at a blank wall 盯着一堵空墙 4. stare out the window 望向窗外 5. count backwards 倒数 6. look out the window at the vine 望向窗外的藤蔓 7. wet through 湿透 8. icy cold 冰凉
【病情与情绪】
1. one chance in ten 一成希望 2. raise Johnsy's spirits 让约翰西打起精神 3. be tired of waiting 等腻了 4. one's mind is made up 决心已定 5. ask for the curtains to be opened 要求拉开窗帘 6. with good nursing 只要好好护理 7. There is no hope for him 他没有希望了 8. lie sick 卧病
【叙事推进】
1. What's more 更糟糕的是 2. The next morning 第二天早上 3. The following day 又过了一天 4. In the afternoon 下午 5. The next day 再过了一天 6. At last this long night passed 长夜终于过去 7. Some moments after 过了一会儿
【主题词块】
1. a failed painter 一个失败的画手 2. the masterpiece he longed to paint 他渴望画出的杰作 3. cry with disbelief 不可置信地喊 4. not move an inch 一动不动 5. it's Behrman's masterpiece 那是伯曼的杰作 6. paint it there the night when... 在……那晚把它画上去
五、长难句拆解
句1
【原句】In November, a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, arrived in Greenwich Village.
【主干】a stranger arrived in Greenwich Village.
【分层】a cold, unseen stranger 为主语，两个前置形容词写触感与不可见；whom the doctors called Pneumonia 是非限制性定语从句，call + 宾语 + 宾补（whom 作宾语，Pneumonia 作宾补）；整句把疾病写成登门造访的「陌生人」，是全文拟人的起点。
【翻译】十一月，一个冰冷、看不见的陌生人——医生们称之为「肺炎」——来到了格林威治村。
【考点】非限制性定语从句 + call 的复合宾语 + 拟人隐喻；翻译时把破折号补出来，中文才顺。
句2
【原句】Are there people in the world that foolish to think they'll die because leaves drop off from a vine? This is not a place in which Miss Johnsy shall lie sick.
【主干】Are there people ...? / This is not a place ...
【分层】that foolish 中 that 是程度副词（= so），修饰形容词 foolish，后接不定式 to think... 说明「傻到何种地步」；think 后接省略 that 的宾语从句，从句内 because 引导原因状语从句；in which 引导定语从句修饰 a place（= where）；shall 用于第三人称表示说话人的坚决主张。
【翻译】世上竟有人傻到以为藤叶一落自己就会死吗？这里不该是约翰西小姐卧病的地方。
【考点】that = so 的口语用法（常见于 that + adj. + to do）+「介词 + which」定语从句 + 宾语从句 + 原因状语从句四层叠加。
句3
【原句】Didn't you wonder why it never moved an inch when the wind blew? Ah, dear, it's Behrman's masterpiece—he painted it there the night when the last leaf fell.
【主干】Didn't you wonder why ...? / it's Behrman's masterpiece — he painted it there ...
【分层】否定疑问句表「难道不……吗」；why 引导 wonder 的宾语从句；when the wind blew 为时间状语从句；破折号后解释原因，the night when the last leaf fell 中 when 引导定语从句修饰先行词 the night（不能用 which）。
【翻译】风吹的时候，你就没奇怪过它怎么一寸也不动吗？啊，亲爱的，那是伯曼的杰作——最后一片叶子掉落的那个夜晚，他把它画在了墙上。
【考点】否定疑问句 + 宾语从句 + when 引导的定语从句；同时是「欧·亨利式结尾」的揭底句：前面所有反常细节（湿衣、灯笼、画刷）在此一次收拢。
六、语法点清单（从句与非谓语）
一、定语从句
1. where 引导：Greenwich Village is a place where the art people came together。
2. 非限制性 + 复合宾语：a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia。
3. 介词 + which：This is not a place in which Miss Johnsy shall lie sick（= where）。
4. when 引导：the night when the last leaf fell；the following day 类时间名词同理。
5. 省略关系代词：the masterpiece he longed to paint；a face which I immediately recognised。
二、非谓语
1. 现在分词作伴随状语：hunting for apartments with north-facing windows / staring at a blank wall / bravely holding on in the wind and rain / Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it。
2. 现在分词作宾补：The janitor found him lying in bed helplessly（find + 宾语 + doing）。
3. 过去分词／形容词化：a failed painter / a cold rain was falling, mixed with snow / eight strong men, their faces covered（独立主格）。
4. 不定式作目的状语：to be a model for her drawing / in an attempt to raise Johnsy's spirits / to fetch her neighbour。
5. 不定式被动式作宾补：asked for the curtains to be opened。
三、时态与叙事语法
1. 一般过去时为主线；过去完成时交代更早的事：In 40 years he had never produced the masterpiece；They couldn't imagine where he had been。
2. 引语倒装：asked Sue / replied Johnsy / said the doctor / cried Conseil（主语为名词时可置于报道动词后）。
3. 情态与委婉：I must go, too（把死亡说成必然）；shall lie sick（坚决主张）；It is a crime to want to die（it 作形式主语）。
七、逻辑链
① 铺景：格林威治村是穷艺术家聚集之地，苏与约翰西住在三层楼顶的画室——为「窗、墙、藤叶」三个关键道具布好位置。
② 起冲突：十一月，「肺炎先生」到访，约翰西卧床盯着空墙，生命进入倒计时。
③ 下判决：医生给出「一成希望」，并点明关键在病人自己想不想活——把外部病症转成内部意志问题。
④ 加压：约翰西把生死绑在藤叶上，从近百片倒数到五片；苏斥为荒谬却劝不动，她「决心已定」。
⑤ 埋伏笔：伯曼登场——四十年画不出杰作的失败画家，听说后不可置信地喊「总有一天我要画一幅杰作」。这句当时像牢骚，结尾才知是誓言。
⑥ 造险：风雨夹雪之夜，藤上只剩最后一片叶子；第二天约翰西断言「它今天会掉，我也会一同死去」。
⑦ 转折：叶子连日不落，约翰西由「等死」转为自责「不想活是罪过」，主动要吃的；医生把希望提到五成。
⑧ 反转揭底：医生顺口提到楼下伯曼也是肺炎、已无希望；次日苏揭开谜底——湿透的衣鞋、仍亮着的灯笼、几支画刷，那片叶子是他在最后一片真叶掉落那夜画上去的。
⑨ 主题落点：所谓「杰作」不是挂在画廊里的画，而是用生命换回他人求生意志的那一片叶子；欧·亨利式结尾的力量，来自前文每处细节都能被重新解释。
八、写作迁移（仿写与输出）
仿写模板（伏笔—加压—反转）：At first, ... (一个看似无关的细节). What's more, ... (让局势更紧). The next morning, ... (表面毫无变化). It turned out that ... (一句话把前文全部重写).
示范：At first, Grandpa only complained that the old clock in the hall had stopped at 7:15. What's more, he refused to let anyone wind it. The next morning, the clock was still silent, and he sat beside it smiling. It turned out that 7:15 was the minute, thirty years ago, when Grandma had come home with their first child.
可迁移句式：① 非限制性定语从句补人物背景（..., who had never ...）② 现在分词作伴随状语（..., staring at ...）③「介词 + which」定语从句（the place in which ...）④ find + 宾语 + doing ⑤ it is + n. + to do（形式主语）。
输出任务：以「那片没有落下的叶子」为题写 120 词赏析或续写。要求：用 1 个非限制性定语从句、1 个现在分词作状语、1 个「介词 + which」定语从句；并说明结尾哪一处伏笔最打动你，理由不少于两句。
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