Lesson 1 课文精读 · Money vs Success
一、课文原文及逐段翻译
引入语
Angela Johnson interviews ex-millionaire Jason Harley
安吉拉·约翰逊采访前百万富翁詹森·哈利。
第1段
For a lot of people, becoming a millionaire is a symbol of success and they set this as their ultimate goal. They spend half of their time dreaming up ways of getting rich and achieving the success they expect, and the rest of their time thinking about all the things they will do once they become rich. But do all millionaires get the sense of success they were looking for after they achieve their goals? Some continue to worry about money when they become millionaires—they worked hard to become wealthy, but then they need to continue making money so they don't lose the sense of success they have achieved. However, there are people who have turned their backs on their millions and found other forms of success in their lives. Jason Harley is one example.
对于很多人来说，成为百万富翁是成功的象征，并将此作为最终目标。他们花一半时间想象各种发财和达到他们期望的成功的方法，另一半时间则用来考虑一旦发了财他们会干什么。但是，百万富翁们都在实现目标后获得所寻求的成功感了吗？有些人成为百万富翁后仍然担心金钱问题——他们努力工作，变得富有，但他们需要继续赚钱，这样才不会丧失已经获得的成就感。然而有些人却放弃了他们的百万财富，找到了人生中其他形式的成功。詹森·哈利就是一个例子。
第2段
Sixteen years ago, Jason was a college professor with a huge six-bedroom house and a fortune of two million dollars. Today he lives in a small dormitory room with only second-hand furniture. There are certainly no signs that Jason is a rich and successful man! There is a small garden outside with a few fruit trees, which Jason enjoys taking care of. He also grows some vegetables and a few flowers. He gets his clothes and a lot of other things from charity shops.
十六年前，詹森是一名大学教授，拥有一套6间卧室的大房子和200万美元的财富。现在他住在一间只有二手家具的小宿舍里。根本没有迹象能表明詹森是一个富有而成功的人！房子外面有一个小花园，里面有几棵果树，詹森很喜欢侍弄它们。他还种了一些蔬菜和花。他从慈善商店买衣服和许多其他的东西。
第3段
But Jason appreciates this change. He is pleased to give up the lifestyle of a rich man. He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life, as a person who had everything while many people had nothing. He made the choice to give all his money away. And this, he said, brought him happiness and a sense of success in life. "I don't need a lot of money. I don't want to buy more things. I have enough," said Jason. "What I want is to live simply and be helpful to others. A few years ago, I was a millionaire, but I knew millions of people died of hunger every year, and there were places with no schools and no teachers. So many people could never go to school. They didn't have the chance to learn and get on in life. This worried me a lot and I felt very guilty being a rich man without doing anything."
但是詹森喜欢这种变化。他很高兴能放弃富人的生活方式。他厌倦了过别人眼中成功的生活，在很多人一无所有的时候自己能够拥有一切。他决定把自己的钱财都捐赠出去。他说这给他的生活带来了快乐和成功感。"我不需要有很多钱，也不想再买更多的东西。我拥有的已经够多了，"詹森说。"我想要简单的生活并乐于帮助别人。几年前，我是百万富翁，但我知道每年有数百万人死于饥饿，而且有些地方没有学校和老师。这么多人永远不能上学，他们没有接受教育和开启新生活的机会。这让我非常担心，作为一位富人不能有所为，我感到非常内疚。"
第4段
Therefore he gave away all his money to charities. Whenever he had more than two thousand dollars, he would give away small bank notes to homeless people in the streets of local areas. "It was a kind of satisfaction and a real sense of success that I had never felt before," said Jason. "Sure, many people think that 'success' means having millions in the bank or a well-paid job. But I think my sense of achievement comes from helping others and finding true meaning in life."
因此，他把所有的钱都捐给了慈善机构。每当他的钱超过两千美元时，他就会给当地街头无家可归的人赠送小额钞票。"这是一种我从未感受过的满足感和真正的成功感，"詹森说。"当然， 很多人认为'成功'意味着有数百万银行存款或高薪的工作。但我认为我的成就感来自于帮助他人并找到生活真正的意义。"
第5段
Most people believe when they are living comfortably and earning enough money, they will have no worries. However, most people never feel they have earned enough. Jason Harley decided to drop out of this kind of lifestyle, and he discovered that having only a little money made him free. Are there any things he misses from his past? "No, I'm much happier now, because I am living according to my values. Success is not measured by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life."
大多数人相信，当他们生活舒适并赚到足够的钱时，就可以高枕无忧了。但是，大多数人从未觉得自己赚够了。詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只拥有少量的金钱使他获得了自由。和过去相比，他错过了什么吗？"不， 现在我更开心，因为我依照自己的价值观在生活。衡量成功与否不在于有多少金钱，而是如何理解生命的真正意义。"
二、重点单词
millionaire n.：百万富翁。an ex-millionaire
symbol n.：象征；标志。a symbol of success
ultimate adj.：最终的，根本的。their ultimate goal
wealthy adj.：富有的，富裕的。become wealthy
fortune n.：财富；运气。a fortune of two million dollars
professor n.：教授。a college professor
dormitory n.：宿舍（常略作 dorm）。a small dormitory room
second-hand adj.：二手的，用过的。second-hand furniture
furniture n.：家具（不可数）。only second-hand furniture
charity n.：慈善（机构）；救济。charity shops / charities
appreciate v.：赏识；满意于，认可。appreciates this change
lifestyle n.：生活方式。the lifestyle of a rich man
regard v.：把……视为，认为。be regarded as
guilty adj.：内疚的，感到愧疚的。felt very guilty
hunger n.：饥饿。died of hunger
homeless adj.：无家可归的。homeless people
note n.：纸币；笔记。small bank notes
achievement n.：成就，成绩。a sense of achievement
well-paid adj.：高薪的，报酬优厚的。a well-paid job
comfortably adv.：舒服地，安逸地。living comfortably
satisfaction n.：满足（感），满意。a kind of satisfaction
value n.：价值观（常用复数）；价值。according to my values
measure v.：衡量，量度。not measured by
三、一词多义与熟词生义
fortune 常见义为"运气、命运"（如 good fortune），课文 a fortune of two million dollars 中意为"一大笔财富、巨款"，是 fortune 作"财产"高频用法。
sign 常见义为动词"签名"，课文 no signs that ... 中作名词，意为"迹象、征兆"，常用搭配 there is no sign that ...（毫无……的迹象）。
appreciate 常见义为"欣赏、感激"，课文 appreciates this change 中意为"满意于、认可（这种改变）"，强调主观上的认同而非感恩。
regard 常见义为名词"问候"（give/send one's regards），课文 be regarded as 中作动词，意为"把……视为、看作"，后接 as + 名词/动名词。
note 常见义为"笔记、便条"，课文 small bank notes 中意为"纸币、钞票"（bank note 为固定搭配），是金融语境下的熟词生义。
value 常见义为不可数名词"价值"，课文 my values 中作可数名词复数，意为"价值观、处世准则"，是现代英语高频用法。
measure 常见义为"测量、计量（长度/尺寸）"，课文 is not measured by 中意为"（以某种标准）衡量、评定"，引申为抽象评判。
get on 常见义为"上车、进展"，课文 get on in life 中意为"在生活中出人头地、有所作为"，in life 限定语境。
drop out 常见义为"掉出、辍学"（drop out of school），课文 drop out of this kind of lifestyle 中引申为"退出、脱离（某种生活方式）"。
dream up 字面"做梦想出"，课文 dreaming up ways of getting rich 中意为"凭空构想出、想出（办法）"，常含"异想天开"的意味。
turn one's back on 字面"转身背对"，课文 turned their backs on their millions 中意为"背弃、抛弃（财富/责任）"，带贬义色彩。
四、重点词块
a symbol of 是……的象征
set ... as 把……定为，视作
ultimate goal 终极目标
dream up 想出，构想出
get rich 致富，变得富有
the sense of success 成功感，成就感
look for 寻找，谋求
turn one's back on 背弃，抛弃
a college professor 一名大学教授
a fortune of 一笔……的财富
second-hand furniture 二手家具
charity shops 慈善商店
give up 放弃
be tired of 厌倦，厌烦
be regarded as 被视为，被看作
have everything 拥有一切
give ... away 把……赠送/捐出
live simply 简单地生活
be helpful to 对……有帮助，有益于
die of hunger 死于饥饿
get on in life 在生活中取得进展
feel guilty 感到内疚
give away to charities 捐给慈善机构
bank notes 纸币，钞票
a sense of achievement 成就感
a well-paid job 一份高薪工作
drop out of 退出，脱离
according to one's values 依照某人的价值观
be measured by 由……衡量
the true meaning of life 生命的真正意义
五、长难句拆解
【原句 1】For a lot of people, becoming a millionaire is a symbol of success and they set this as their ultimate goal.
【主干】... becoming a millionaire is a symbol of success and they set this as their ultimate goal.
【分层】For a lot of people 为介词短语作状语；主语 becoming a millionaire 为动名词短语，作表语 a symbol of success；and 连接并列句，后句 this 回指前句所述现象，set ... as 为"把……定为"。
【译文】对于很多人来说，成为百万富翁是成功的象征，并将此作为最终目标。
【考点】动名词短语作主语；and 并列句；set ... as 搭配。
【原句 2】They spend half of their time dreaming up ways of getting rich and achieving the success they expect, and the rest of their time thinking about all the things they will do once they become rich.
【主干】They spend half of their time dreaming up ... and the rest of their time thinking about ...
【分层】spend + 时间 + (in) doing 为固定句型，两个 doing（dreaming up / thinking about）并列，各带自己的宾语；the success 与 the things 后分别省略了关系代词 that/which 的定语从句（they expect / they will do）；once 引导时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时。
【译文】他们花一半时间想象各种发财和达到他们期望的成功的方法，另一半时间则用来考虑一旦发了财他们会干什么。
【考点】spend ... doing 结构；定语从句省略关系代词；once 引导时间状语从句（主将从现）。
【原句 3】But do all millionaires get the sense of success they were looking for after they achieve their goals?
【主干】... do all millionaires get the sense of success ... after they achieve their goals?
【分层】they were looking for 为省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰 the sense of success；after 引导时间状语从句，achieve 用一般现在时表将来（主将从现）；全句为一般疑问句，助动词 do 前置。
【译文】但是，百万富翁们都在实现目标后获得所寻求的成功感了吗？
【考点】定语从句省略关系代词；after 从句中的时态呼应；一般疑问句语序。
【原句 4】Some continue to worry about money when they become millionaires—they worked hard to become wealthy, but then they need to continue making money so they don't lose the sense of success they have achieved.
【主干】Some continue to worry about money ...—they worked hard ..., but then they need to continue making money ...
【分层】when 引导时间状语从句；破折号后为一个并列句，前分句用一般过去时 worked 表"此前努力"，but 转折引出后分句 need（现在时）表"如今仍需"；so 引导目的状语从句，其中 they have achieved 为省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰 the sense of success；时态从过去跳到现在，形成"过去努力—现在焦虑"的对照。
【译文】有些人成为百万富翁后仍然担心金钱问题——他们努力工作，变得富有，但他们需要继续赚钱，这样才不会丧失已经获得的成就感。
【考点】when 时间状语从句；破折号表解释说明；so 目的状语从句；定语从句省略关系代词；时态对照。
【原句 5】However, there are people who have turned their backs on their millions and found other forms of success in their lives.
【主干】... there are people who have turned ... and found ...
【分层】who 引导定语从句修饰 people；从句中 and 连接两个并列谓语 have turned 与 (have) found，共用助动词 have 构成现在完成时；turn one's back on 为"背弃"，millions 此处转指"巨额财富"（名词复数表概数）。
【译文】然而有些人却放弃了他们的百万财富，找到了人生中其他形式的成功。
【考点】there be 句型；who 定语从句；现在完成时并列谓语；millions 概括用法。
【原句 6】He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life, as a person who had everything while many people had nothing.
【主干】He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life ...
【分层】be tired of doing 意为"厌倦做某事"，being regarded as 为动名词被动式作介词 of 的宾语；as living a successful life 中 as 后接动名词短语作主语补足语；as a person who ... 为同位语，who 引导定语从句，while 连接对比从句（他拥有一切 vs 他人一无所有）。
【译文】他厌倦了过别人眼中成功的生活，在很多人一无所有的时候自己能够拥有一切。
【考点】be tired of doing；动名词被动式；as 后接动名词作补语；while 表对比。
【原句 7】What I want is to live simply and be helpful to others.
【主干】What I want is to live simply and be helpful to others.
【分层】What I want 为 what 引导的主语从句，what 在从句中作 want 的宾语，意为"我所想要的"；is 后接两个并列的不定式（to live / (to) be）作表语，共享 to。
【译文】我想要简单的生活并乐于帮助别人。
【考点】what 引导的主语从句；并列不定式作表语。
【原句 8】This worried me a lot and I felt very guilty being a rich man without doing anything.
【主干】This worried me a lot and I felt very guilty ...
【分层】and 连接并列句；后句 felt very guilty 后接现在分词短语 being a rich man 作伴随状语，再接 without doing anything 作条件/方式状语，形成"身为富人却无所作为"的愧疚逻辑。
【译文】这让我非常担心，作为一位富人不能有所为，我感到非常内疚。
【考点】and 并列句；现在分词作伴随状语；without doing 作状语。
【原句 9】Success is not measured by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life.
【主干】Success is not measured by ... but by ...
【分层】被动语态 be measured by 意为"由……衡量"；not ... but ... 连接两个并列的介词 by 宾语，各自为 how 引导的宾语从句（how much money you have / how you understand ...）；but 后省略了与前文重复的 is measured，仅保留 by 短语。
【译文】衡量成功与否不在于有多少金钱，而是如何理解生命的真正意义。
【考点】被动语态；not ... but ... 并列结构；how 引导的宾语从句；介词宾语省略。
六、语法点清单
1. 动名词短语作主语
becoming a millionaire is a symbol of success. 动名词（短语）作主语，谓语动词用单数；此类"行为/状态"作主语的句式常用于议论文开宗明义，同类：Reading is learning.（读书是学习。）
2. spend + 时间/金钱 + (in) doing 结构
They spend half of their time dreaming up ways ... 其中 in 常省略，后接动名词；本课多次出现 spend ... doing，是描写"时间投入"的高频结构。
3. 定语从句省略关系代词
the success (that/which) they expect / they were looking for / they have achieved；the things (that/which) they will do. 当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可省略，使句子更紧凑；这是本课最密集的语法现象。
4. 主将从现（once / after / when 引导的状语从句）
... once they become rich, they will do ...；... after they achieve their goals. 在时间/条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替将来时，主句用将来时，构成"主将从现"。
5. 并列谓语与 turn one's back on 搭配
... have turned their backs on their millions and (have) found other forms of success. and 连接两个现在完成时谓语，共用 have；turn one's back on 为"背弃、抛弃"，后接抽象或具体对象。
6. 动名词被动式与 as 后接动名词作补语
be regarded as living a successful life. being regarded as 为动名词被动式（作介词 of 宾语），as 后接 living ... 动名词短语作主语补足语，说明"被视作"的内容。
7. What 引导的主语从句
What I want is to live simply ... what 在从句中作宾语，相当于 the thing(s) that，引导的从句作全句主语，is 后接表语，常用于亮明个人主张。
8. not ... but ... 并列结构与介词宾语从句
Success is not measured by how much money you have but by how you understand ... not ... but ... 连接两个 by 介词短语，各含 how 引导的宾语从句，形成"否定前者、肯定后者"的议论收束句，是议论文点题的黄金句式。
七、逻辑链
引入·破题（第1段）：多数人以"百万富翁"为成功象征，设为目标、dream up ways 致富；随即以反问破题——成功感真的到手了吗？引出"背弃财富、另觅成功"的反例 Jason Harley
↓
今昔反差（第2段）：十六年前教授 + 豪宅 + 200万 ↔ 如今宿舍 + 二手家具 + 慈善店，物质"降级"却"毫无富人迹象"
↓
心理动因（第3段）：不恋旧富，反"高兴放弃"——厌倦被视作成功、对世人苦难（饥饿、失学）深感内疚，捐财得喜
↓
价值升华（第4段）：捐予慈善、散财予无家者，体验"从未有过的成功感"，点明成就来自助人而非存款
↓
点题收束（第5段）：跳出"赚不够"的怪圈，发现少钱反得自由；成功不由金钱多寡衡量，而在价值观与生命真义
这是一篇"观点对照"式人物访谈（夹叙夹议）：第1段先树起社会普遍的成功观（金钱=成功），再用反问与反例将其松动；第2—4段以 Jason 的今昔对比为骨架，由"物质降级"到"心理释然"再到"价值升华"三层推进，把抽象的成功观落到具体人物身上；第5段借主人公之口收束，用 not ... but ... 的并列结构给"成功"重新定义，使全篇由现象入本质、由他人故事回归普世启示。
八、写作迁移
模板 1：For a lot of people, ... is a symbol of ...
课文：For a lot of people, becoming a millionaire is a symbol of success and they set this as their ultimate goal.
仿写：For a lot of people, owning a big house is a symbol of happiness, yet true joy often lies elsewhere.（对许多人来说，拥有大房子是幸福的象征，但真正的快乐往往另有所在。）——用于先引出普遍观念，再转折立论。
模板 2：They spend half of their time doing A and the rest (of their time) doing B.
课文：They spend half of their time dreaming up ways of getting rich ... and the rest of their time thinking about all the things they will do ...
仿写：We spend half of our youth chasing grades and the rest worrying about the future.（我们把一半青春用来追逐分数，另一半用来担忧未来。）——用于写"时间分配/某种执念"。
模板 3：Some continue to worry about ... when they ...—they ... but then they need to ...
课文：Some continue to worry about money when they become millionaires—they worked hard to become wealthy, but then they need to continue making money ...
仿写：Some continue to fear failure when they have already succeeded—they tried hard to get there, but then they need to keep proving themselves.（有些人在已经成功时仍害怕失败——他们努力抵达，却又需要不断证明自己。）——用于写"成功后产生的新焦虑"。
模板 4：He / She was tired of being regarded as ...
课文：He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life, as a person who had everything ...
仿写：She was tired of being regarded as merely a pretty face instead of a capable leader.（她厌倦了只被看作一张漂亮脸蛋，而非一位有能力的领导者。）——用于写"被误解/被贴标签"的处境。
模板 5：Success / A good life is not measured by ... but by ...
课文：Success is not measured by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life.
仿写：A good life is not measured by how many likes you get but by how deeply you love the people around you.（好的人生不是由你获得多少点赞衡量，而是由你多深地爱着身边的人。）——用于议论文结尾"重下定论"，否定表象、肯定本质。
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