Developing ideas 课文精读 · 解读中国
一、课文原文及逐段翻译
引言
The world of Chinese literature is one that is familiar to us all. But have you ever stopped to wonder what works are read outside of China and how they are received? Today, four Sinologists and translators share their experience of Chinese literature with us. They are:
我们都对中国文学再熟悉不过了。可你有没有想过，在中国以外的地方，人们都读过哪些中国文学作品？对这些作品评价如何？今天，四位汉学家、译者将给我们分享他们有关中国文学的经历，他们是：
佩特科
Petko, aged 43 from Bulgaria
佩特科，43岁，来自保加利亚
安妮鲁斯
Annelous, aged 34 from the Netherlands
安妮鲁斯，34岁，来自荷兰
若阿基姆
Joachim, aged 25 from France
若阿基姆，25岁，来自法国
马伊
Mai, aged 28 from Egypt
马伊，28岁，来自埃及
问题1：你是如何对中国文学产生兴趣的？
Q1: How did you get interested in Chinese literature?
问题1问句译文
问题1:你是怎么对中国文学产生兴趣的?
佩特科答
Petko: It all started with a movie I watched when I was a boy—The Shaolin Temple. That movie gave me so many reasons to fall in love with China. I was amazed by Chinese kung fu, of course—everyone loves kung fu, don't they? I also thought the Chinese language sounded so beautiful, and found that I liked Chinese music, too—I just loved the movie's theme tune, Song of the Shepherd.
佩特科：一切都要从我小时候看的一部叫《少林寺》的电影说起。那部电影给了我很多让我爱上中国的理由。我当然为中国功夫所叹服——人人都喜欢功夫，不是吗？我还觉得中文听起来那么美，我发现我也喜欢中国的音乐——我特别喜欢电影的主题曲《牧羊曲》。
安妮鲁斯答
Annelous: I became interested in languages at a young age. When I started high school, I began reading books about Chinese history and culture, and this inspired me to choose Chinese Studies as my academic major at university.
安妮鲁斯：我从小就对语言感兴趣。上高中的时候，我开始读中国历史和文化方面的书，这启发我在大学选择了汉学专业。
若阿基姆答
Joachim: When was 15 years old, my mother bought me a copy of the classic Shi Ji, or Records of the Grand Historian. Prior to that, the only great historical works I had been exposed to were Homer's epic poems. Records of the Grand Historian was my first encounter with Chinese classical literature. After reading it, I realised the true genius of China's "Grand Historian", Sima Qian. His writing had a profound effect on me, and I have this to thank for my passion for Chinese literature.
若阿基姆：我15岁的时候，妈妈给我买了一本经典名著《史记》。在此之前，我唯一接触过的历史巨作是《荷马史诗》。《史记》是我接触的第一部中国的经典文学作品。通过阅读《史记》，我领略了中国"太史公"司马迁的才华。他的文章对我影响很大，激发了我对中国文学的热情。
马伊答
Mai: I gradually fell in love with Chinese literature when I started working as a translator. Most of the translated works of literature in Egypt are from the English-speaking world, so reading Chinese literature was a stimulating and inspiring experience.
马伊：我开始从事翻译工作后，渐渐对中国文学产生了兴趣。埃及大多数文学译作来自英语国家，所以读中国文学作品使人兴奋，也鼓舞人心。
问题2：你是如何选择作品来翻译的？
Q2: How do you select works to translate?
问题2问句译文
问题2:你是如何选择作品来翻译的?
佩特科答
Petko: I particularly like classical Chinese literature, especially works from the Ming and Qing dynasties. I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber the first time I read it, and was determined to translate it into Bulgarian. Now that this dream has come true, my next goal is to translate The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
佩特科：我特别喜欢中国古典文学，尤其是明清时期的作品。我第一次读到《红楼梦》时就喜欢上了它，并决心把它译成保加利亚语。现在这个梦想已经实现了，我的下一个目标就是翻译《三国演义》。
安妮鲁斯答
Annelous: In the Netherlands, the decision as to which works of Chinese literature get translated is largely influenced by the opinions of respected Sinologists. In addition, publishing houses tend to look to other countries to see which Chinese works have sold well there. I've so far translated the writings of Han Han, and I am now working on those of Xu Zechen.
安妮鲁斯：在荷兰，声望高的汉学家很大程度上影响翻译作品的选择。此外，出版社往往会参考其他国家哪些中国作品畅销。到目前为止，我已经翻译了韩寒的作品，现在正在翻译徐则臣的作品。
若阿基姆答
Joachim: I just go with what I like and what I am interested in. I've translated several short stories by Mo Yan. Right now, I'm doing research into popular literature in Shanghai at the start of the 20th century.
若阿基姆：我只是随着喜好和兴趣走。我翻译了莫言的几篇短篇小说。现在，我正在研究20世纪初上海的流行文学。
马伊答
Mai: I don't care if a writer is popular or not. What interests me most is the work itself. I've translated some works by authors such as Xi Murong and Bi Shumin. I also keep a close eye on what's being self-published online by new, young authors—they have some good ideas.
马伊：我不在乎一个作家是否受欢迎。我最感兴趣的是作品本身。我翻译过席慕蓉和毕淑敏等作家的作品。我还密切关注新的年轻作者自己在网上发表的作品——他们有一些不错的想法。
问题3：中国哪些作家的作品在贵国较受欢迎？
Q3: Which works by Chinese writers are popular in your country?
问题3问句译文
问题3:中国哪些作家的作品在贵国较受欢迎?
佩特科答
Petko: Thirty-six Stratagems has sold more than 1,000 copies in Bulgaria. When you consider that here the best a writer can usually hope for is to sell a few hundred copies of their work, Thirty-six Stratagems is a best-seller in Bulgaria!
佩特科：《三十六计》在保加利亚卖出了一千多本。在保加利亚，作者通常最期待的是自己的作品卖几百本，《三十六计》在保加利亚是畅销书！
安妮鲁斯答
Annelous: Each year sees more works by Chinese writers published in the Netherlands, and they are well-received. The people that buy and read these books do so because they want to learn more about Chinese culture and everyday life in China. On the whole, I do have to admit that here, people's knowledge of Chinese literature is rather limited.
安妮鲁斯：每年都有更多中国作家的作品在荷兰出版，它们很受欢迎。购买和阅读这些书籍的人想要更多地了解中国文化和日常生活。总的来说，我不得不承认，在荷兰，人们对中国文学的了解相当有限。
若阿基姆答
Joachim: The novels of Mo Yan and Yu Hua sell quite well in France. Mo Yan was already hugely popular, but became even more so after receiving the Nobel Prize in Literature. Literature has a lot of significance to the French and Chinese literary works tend to be highly thought of.
若阿基姆：莫言和余华的小说在法国卖得很好。莫言原本已经非常受欢迎，在获得诺贝尔文学奖后更受欢迎了。文学对法国人来说意义重大，中国的文学作品往往获得很高评价。
马伊答
Mai: Egyptians like literature that reflects human nature and experience. A couple of good examples of this are "Fond Memories of Autumn" by Shi Tiesheng and "Street Scene" by Zhou Guoping. I think Egypt and China are closely connected and both have a lot in common. Because of this, Chinese literary works really strike a chord in the hearts of Egyptian readers.
马伊：埃及人喜欢反映人性和人生经历的文学。其中，史铁生的《秋天的怀念》和周国平的《街头即景》就是很好的例子。我认为埃及和中国联系紧密，有许多共同之处。正因为如此，中国文学作品才真正引起了埃及读者的共鸣。
二、重点单词
sinologist n.：汉学家。four Sinologists and translators（四位汉学家与译者）
receive v.：对待；接受（此处指"评价、反响"）。how they are received（人们如何评价它们）
kung fu n.：功夫。I was amazed by Chinese kung fu（我为中国功夫所叹服）
amazed adj.：吃惊的；惊叹的。I was amazed by ...（我对……感到惊叹）
expose v.：使接触；使暴露于。the only works I had been exposed to（我唯一接触过的作品）
profound adj.：深刻的；深远的。had a profound effect on me（对我影响深远）
stimulating adj.：令人振奋的；启发性的。a stimulating and inspiring experience（令人振奋而受启发的经历）
respected adj.：受尊敬的；有声望的。the opinions of respected Sinologists（有声望的汉学家的意见）
publishing house n.：出版社。publishing houses tend to look to other countries（出版社往往参考他国）
determined adj.：下定决心的。was determined to translate it（决心翻译它）
best-seller n.：畅销书。Thirty-six Stratagems is a best-seller（三十六计是畅销书）
well-received adj.：受欢迎的；好评的。they are well-received（它们很受欢迎）
significance n.：意义；重要性。Literature has a lot of significance（文学意义重大）
strike a chord phr.：引起共鸣。really strike a chord in the hearts of readers（真正引起读者共鸣）
三、一词多义与熟词生义
receive 常见义为"收到、接到（物品/信息）"，课文中 how they are received 指"（作品）受到怎样的对待与评价"，即"反响、口碑"，为被动引申义。
major 常见义形容词"主要的"，课文 Chinese Studies as my academic major 中作名词，意为"专业、主修科目"。
copy 常见义"复制、抄袭"，课文 sold a few hundred copies 中作可数名词，意为"（书）册、本"，为出版量词。
well-received 由 well + receive 的过去分词构成复合形容词，意为"广受好评的"，与 receive 的"接受"义结合为"被接纳、被喜爱"。
common 常见义"普通的"，have a lot in common 为固定搭配，意为"有许多共同之处"，common 此处指"共同点"。
strike 常见义"击打"，strike a chord 为习语，意为"（话语/作品）触动心弦、引起共鸣"，为比喻用法。
四、重点词块
stop to wonder 停下来思考
outside of China 在中国以外
share one's experience 分享某人的经历
fall in love with 爱上
be amazed by 对……感到惊叹
theme tune 主题曲
be exposed to 接触到；暴露于
have a profound effect on 对……有深远影响
the first encounter with 与……的初次接触
now that 既然；由于（表因果）
be determined to 决心做……
look to other countries 参考/借鉴他国
work on 从事；致力于
keep a close eye on 密切关注
strike a chord in one's heart 在某人心中引起共鸣
五、长难句拆解
【原句 1】But have you ever stopped to wonder what works are read outside of China and how they are received?
【主干】have you stopped to wonder ... ?
【分层】stopped to wonder 中 to wonder 为不定式作目的状语；wonder 后接 and 连接的两个宾语从句 what works are read ... 与 how they are received；outside of China 为地点状语。
【译文】可你有没有想过，在中国以外的地方，人们都读过哪些中国文学作品，对这些作品评价如何？
【考点】stop to do 目的状语；what / how 并列宾语从句；被动语态。
【原句 2】Prior to that, the only great historical works I had been exposed to were Homer's epic poems.
【主干】the only great historical works were Homer's epic poems.
【分层】Prior to that 为介词短语作时间状语；I had been exposed to 为省略 that 的定语从句修饰 works；谓语 were 为一般过去时，exposed 为过去分词。
【译文】在此之前，我唯一接触过的历史巨作是《荷马史诗》。
【考点】prior to 介词短语；省略 that 的定语从句；过去分词 exposed。
【原句 3】His writing had a profound effect on me, and I have this to thank for my passion for Chinese literature.
【主干】His writing had a profound effect on me, and I have this to thank for my passion.
【分层】and 连接并列句；have this to thank for ... 为"have + 宾语 + to do"结构，to thank 为不定式作后置定语，this 指代前文"他的文字带来的影响"。
【译文】他的文章对我影响很大，我对中国文学的热情正要归功于它。
【考点】并列句；have + 宾语 + to do 结构；this 指代。
【原句 4】In the Netherlands, the decision as to which works of Chinese literature get translated is largely influenced by the opinions of respected Sinologists.
【主干】the decision is largely influenced by the opinions.
【分层】as to which works ... get translated 为 as to + 宾语从句作 decision 的后置定语；get translated 为 get + 过去分词表被动；is influenced 为一般现在时被动语态；by the opinions 引出动作执行者。
【译文】在荷兰，哪些中国文学作品被翻译的决定很大程度上受有声望的汉学家意见的影响。
【考点】as to + 从句作定语；get + 过去分词被动；一般现在时被动。
【原句 5】Because of this, Chinese literary works really strike a chord in the hearts of Egyptian readers.
【主干】Chinese literary works strike a chord in the hearts.
【分层】Because of this 为介词短语作原因状语；strike a chord 为固定搭配"引起共鸣"；in the hearts of Egyptian readers 为介词短语作地点状语修饰 chord。
【译文】正因为如此，中国文学作品才真正引起了埃及读者的共鸣。
【考点】because of 原因状语；strike a chord 习语；in the hearts of 后置定语。
六、语法点清单
1. 现在完成时（have / has + done）
have you ever stopped（经历）；I've so far translated ...；have sold more than 1,000 copies。用于谈论经历与至今的影响。
2. 被动语态（多种时态）
how they are received；I had been exposed to；get translated；is largely influenced by。注意 get + 过去分词（get translated）这一口语化被动。
3. 定语从句（省略 that / which）
the movie (that) I watched；the works (that) I had been exposed to；the people that buy ...。关系代词作宾语时常省略。
4. now that 原因状语从句
Now that this dream has come true ...。now that 表"既然、由于"，引出现已成为事实的原因。
5. 比较级与程度（even more so / rather）
became even more so after ...；people's knowledge ... is rather limited。even more so 代指 more popular，避免重复。
6. 直接引语与问答语域
全文以 Q（问题）+ 人物回答的访谈结构展开，回答中多用第一人称、现在时与过去时交替叙述个人经历。
七、逻辑链
引言：我们都熟中国文学 → 反问"域外读什么、评价如何" → 引出四位汉学家/译者
↓
Q1 兴趣之源：佩特科（电影《少林寺》）→ 安妮鲁斯（高中读史）→ 若阿基姆（《史记》）→ 马伊（做翻译后）
↓
Q2 选译标准：佩特科（古典+喜好）→ 安妮鲁斯（汉学家+市场）→ 若阿基姆（随兴趣）→ 马伊（重作品本身）
↓
Q3 各国热度：《三十六计》保加利亚畅销 → 荷兰渐受欢迎但认知有限 → 莫言余华在法受捧 → 埃及因共鸣而喜爱
这是一篇"访谈/调查"文体：以引言设问开篇，围绕三个问题（兴趣来源—选译标准—各国受欢迎程度）组织四位受访者的回答，横向对比展现中国文学在世界各地的多样接受面貌，结构清晰、信息密度高。
八、写作迁移
模板 1：But have you ever stopped to wonder ...?
课文：But have you ever stopped to wonder what works are read outside of China and how they are received?
仿写：But have you ever stopped to wonder where our food comes from and how it is produced?（可你有没有想过，我们的食物从何而来、又是如何生产的？）——用于由熟悉现象引出深层追问。
模板 2：It all started with ...
课文：It all started with a movie I watched when I was a boy—The Shaolin Temple.
仿写：It all started with a book I read in childhood—Jane Eyre.（一切都始于我童年读的一本书——《简·爱》。）——用于追溯兴趣/缘起的起点。
模板 3：... had a profound effect on me, and I have this to thank for ...
课文：His writing had a profound effect on me, and I have this to thank for my passion for Chinese literature.
仿写：Her encouragement had a profound effect on me, and I have this to thank for my confidence today.（她的鼓励对我影响深远，我如今的自信正要归功于它。）——用于表达某人/某事带来的深远影响。
模板 4：Now that ..., my next goal is to ...
课文：Now that this dream has come true, my next goal is to translate The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
仿写：Now that the exam is over, my next goal is to learn to play the guitar.（既然考试结束了，我的下一个目标就是学吉他。）——用于"目标达成后转向新目标"。
模板 5：Because of this, ... really strike a chord in the hearts of ...
课文：Because of this, Chinese literary works really strike a chord in the hearts of Egyptian readers.
仿写：Because of this, her words really struck a chord in the hearts of the audience.（正因为如此，她的话真正引起了听众的共鸣。）——用于说明作品/话语引发共鸣的原因。
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