Understanding ideas 课文精读 · 攀登珠穆朗玛峰
一、课文原文及逐段翻译
第1段
1. Last year, hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew would include crowds, discomfort and danger. Many would become sick, due to the extreme cold and low air pressure, and a few would even lose their lives. Yet, despite all this, by the end of the trip many were already planning to return. For these people, climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other, making some feel weak and others, powerful.
1. 去年，明知道会是一次拥挤、不舒适而又危险的体验，仍有数百人愿意为此花费大价钱。由于极端严寒和低气压，许多人会生病，甚至有少数人会丢掉性命。尽管如此，在旅程的结尾，已经有很多人在计划着重返这里。对于这些人而言，攀登珠穆朗玛峰是一次独一无二的体验，它让一些人感受到脆弱的同时也让另一些人感受到强大。
第2段
2. British mountain climber George Mallory wrote of climbing Qomolangma, “What we get from this adventure is just sheer joy... We do not live to eat and make money. We eat and make money to be able to enjoy life. That is what life means and what life is for.” Sadly, Mallory would die on the mountain in 1924, although his body would not be found until many years later. It is still not known if he succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma before it took his life.
2. 英国登山者乔治·马洛里曾这样记述攀登珠峰的体验：“我们从这次冒险活动中得到的是纯粹的快乐……我们活着不是为了吃饭和赚钱。我们吃饭和赚钱是为了能够享受生活。这才是生活的意义和目标。”不幸的是，1924年马洛里在登山过程中身亡，他的遗体在多年后才被发现。至今人们也不知道他生前是否成功登顶了珠峰。
第3段
3. In 2011, words similar to those of Mallory were spoken by American mountain climber Alan Arnette, who climbed Qomolangma in that year and was going to climb other high mountains around the world. “It brings into focus what’s important to you.” He added, “There are a thousand reasons to turn around and only one to keep going. You really have to focus on the one reason that’s most important and unique to you. It forces you to look deep inside yourself and figure out if you really have the physical, as well as mental, toughness to push when you want to stop.”
3. 在2011年，美国登山者艾伦·阿内特曾说过与马洛里类似的话，那年他攀登了珠穆朗玛峰，之后又准备去攀登世界各地其他的高山。“登山让你聚焦于对你而言重要的事，”他补充道，“纵使有一千个理由让你回头，但总有一个让你继续前行。你必须专注于一个对你而言最重要也最独特的理由。当你想放弃的时候，它会迫使你深入审视自己的内心，并思考自己的身体和心灵是否足够坚强继续向前。”
第4段
4. With the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma resulting either in total success or failure, is there also a scientific reason behind this risk-taking? Recent studies indicate that risk-taking may be part of human nature, with some of us more likely to take risks than others. Psychologist Frank Farley has spent years studying people who jump out of planes and drive fast cars, as well as those who climb Qomolangma. He refers to the personalities of these people as “Type T”, with the “T” standing for “thrill”.
4. 攀登珠穆朗玛峰的大多数尝试要么大获全胜，要么彻底失败，这一冒险行为的背后是否有科学解释？最近的研究表明，冒险可能是人类天性中的一部分，而一些人比其他人更愿意去冒险。心理学家弗兰克·法利曾花费数年时间研究那些高空跳伞、飚车以及攀登珠峰的人。他把这些人的人格特征称为“T型人格”，“T”代表“刺激”。
第5段
5. Speaking to the LA Times about the “Type T” personalities, Farley said, “They’ll say, ‘I’m not taking risks, I’m an expert...’ They don’t want to die and they don’t expect to die.”
5. 法利在《洛杉矶时报》上谈到“T型人格”时说：“他们会说，‘我并不是在冒险，我是这方面的专家……’。他们并不想死，也不认为自己会死。”
第6段
6. Research also suggests that our desire to seek risks can be connected to how much we expect to benefit from the result.
6. 研究还表明，我们对于冒险的渴望与我们期待从中获得多少收益有关。
第7段
7. With this in mind, are the benefits of climbing Qomolangma worth the risks? It’s totally up to you.
7. 了解这些之后，你认为攀登珠穆朗玛峰带来的好处值得冒险吗？答案完全取决于你自己。
二、重点单词
extreme adj.：极端的。due to the extreme cold.
pressure n.：压力。low air pressure.
adventure n.：冒险；奇遇。from this adventure.
sheer adj.：纯粹的；完全的。just sheer joy.
toughness n.：坚韧；坚强。physical and mental toughness.
attempt n. / v.：尝试；试图。the majority of attempts.
risk-taking n.：冒险（行为）。behind this risk-taking.
nature n.：天性；自然。part of human nature.
psychologist n.：心理学家。Psychologist Frank Farley.
personality n.：人格；个性。refers to the personalities.
thrill n.：刺激；兴奋。the “T” standing for “thrill”.
benefit n. / v.：益处；受益。expect to benefit from.
focus v. / n.：聚焦；关注。brings into focus.
unique adj.：独特的。most important and unique to you.
三、一词多义与熟词生义
pressure 常见义“（外界）压力、压迫”，low air pressure 指物理“（大气）压强”。
attempt 常见义动词“试图”，the majority of attempts 作名词“尝试、攀登企图”。
nature 常见义“大自然”，human nature 指人的“天性、本性”。
type 常见义“类型”，Type T 此处专指心理学“T型人格（追求刺激者）”。
focus 常见义名词“焦点”，brings into focus 作动词短语“使清晰/聚焦（于重要之事）”。
turn around 常见义“转身、调头”，a thousand reasons to turn around 引申为“放弃、折返（登山）”。
四、重点词块
spend good money on 在……上花大价钱
due to 由于；因为
low air pressure 低气压
despite all this 尽管如此
like no other 独一无二的
live to eat and make money 为吃喝赚钱而活
succeed in doing 成功做某事
bring into focus 使聚焦于；凸显
turn around 折返；放弃
keep going 继续前行
look deep inside oneself 审视内心深处
figure out 弄清楚；弄明白
result in 导致；造成
be up to you 由你决定
五、长难句拆解
【原句 1】Last year, hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew would include crowds, discomfort and danger.
【主干】hundreds of people spent good money on an experience.
【分层】that 引导定语从句修饰 experience；该从句中 they knew 为插入的主谓，后接 would include ...（即 knew 的宾语，省略 that）。
【译文】去年数百人花大价钱去体验一场他们明知会拥挤、不适且危险的旅程。
【考点】定语从句嵌套（they knew + 宾语从句）；would 表过去将来。
【原句 2】For these people, climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other, making some feel weak and others, powerful.
【主干】climbing Qomolangma is an experience.
【分层】climbing ... 为动名词短语作主语；like no other 作后置定语；making ... 为现在分词作结果状语，and 连接 some feel weak 与 others (feel) powerful（后省 feel）。
【译文】对这群人来说，攀登珠峰是独一无二的体验，让一些人觉弱、另一些人觉强。
【考点】动名词作主语；现在分词结果状语；并列省略。
【原句 3】It forces you to look deep inside yourself and figure out if you really have the physical, as well as mental, toughness to push when you want to stop.
【主干】It forces you to look ... and figure out ...
【分层】force sb to do 含 and 连接的两个不定式（look / figure out）；if 引导 figure out 的宾语从句；as well as mental 为插入补充；when 引导时间状语从句。
【译文】它迫使你深入审视内心，弄清当你想停下时是否真有身心之坚去坚持。
【考点】force sb to do；if 宾语从句；when 状语从句；as well as 插入。
【原句 4】With the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma resulting either in total success or failure, is there also a scientific reason behind this risk-taking?
【主干】is there a scientific reason behind this risk-taking?
【分层】With + 宾语 + 现在分词 resulting 构成 with 复合结构作状语；either ... or ... 连接 success 与 failure；to climb ... 为不定式作定语修饰 attempts。
【译文】多数珠峰攀登要么大成功要么全失败，这冒险背后是否也有科学原因？
【考点】with 复合结构；either ... or ...；there be 句型。
【原句 5】Research also suggests that our desire to seek risks can be connected to how much we expect to benefit from the result.
【主干】Research suggests that ...
【分层】that 引导宾语从句；to seek risks 为不定式作定语修饰 desire；be connected to 后接 how much 引导的宾语从句。
【译文】研究还表明，我们寻求冒险的欲望，与期待从结果中获得多少收益相关。
【考点】that 宾语从句；不定式作定语；how much 宾语从句。
六、语法点清单
1. 动名词作主语
climbing Qomolangma is an experience。动词-ing 作主语，谓语用单数。
2. with 复合结构
With ... attempts resulting in ...。with + 名词 + 现在分词，作原因/伴随状语。
3. 定语从句（that / who）
experience that they knew ...；people who jump out of planes。注意 that 在从句中作 knew 的宾语。
4. 直接/间接引语与引语中的时态
Farley said, “They’ll say ...” / He added, “There are ...”。注意引号内为直接引语。
5. either ... or ... 并列结构
resulting either in total success or failure。连接平行成分，谓语依就近原则。
6. 现在分词作结果/伴随状语
making some feel weak ...；standing for “thrill”。表自然结果或补充说明。
七、逻辑链
现象（第1段）：明知危险仍花巨资登珠峰、且欲重来 → 登山是“独一无二”的体验
↓
声音（第2—3段）：马洛里“为享受生活而登” → 阿内特“一千个理由回头，一个理由前行”
↓
设问（第4段）：冒险背后有科学原因？ → 研究：冒险或属人性，T型人格求刺激
↓
引证（第5段）：T型者自认“专家”、不以为险
↓
补充+收束（第6—7段）：冒险欲与预期收益相关 → 值不值得，由你定
这是一篇“现象—引述—科学解释—开放结论”的论说文。 第1段摆出矛盾现象吸引读者；第2—3段借两代登山者之口阐释“为何而登”的精神动力；第4—6段转向科学视角，用“T型人格”与收益预期解释冒险天性；第7段以问句收尾，把判断权交还读者，结构由感性到理性、由述到议。
八、写作迁移
模板 1：Despite all this, ... were already planning to ...
课文：Yet, despite all this, by the end of the trip many were already planning to return.
仿写：Despite all the difficulties, they were already planning to try again.（尽管困难重重，他们已在计划再试一次。）——用于写“挫折中不改初衷”。
模板 2：We do not live to ... . We ... to be able to ...
课文：We do not live to eat and make money. We eat and make money to be able to enjoy life.
仿写：We do not live to compete. We compete to become better versions of ourselves.（我们活着不是为了竞争，竞争是为了成为更好的自己。）——用于阐释人生价值观。
模板 3：There are a thousand reasons to ..., and only one to ...
课文：There are a thousand reasons to turn around and only one to keep going.
仿写：There are a thousand reasons to give up and only one to hold on.（有一千个放弃的理由，却只有一个坚持的理由。）——用于强调坚定。
模板 4：It forces you to look deep inside yourself and figure out if ...
课文：It forces you to look deep inside yourself and figure out if you really have the toughness.
仿写：Failure forces you to look deep inside and figure out if you truly love what you do.（失败迫使你向内审视，弄清是否真爱所做之事。）——用于写逆境促人自省。
模板 5：With this in mind, ... ? It’s totally up to you.
课文：With this in mind, are the benefits worth the risks? It’s totally up to you.
仿写：With this in mind, is the sacrifice worth the dream? It’s totally up to you.（念及于此，为梦想牺牲是否值得？全在于你。）——用于开放式结尾。
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