Developing ideas 课文精读 · 韩干和他的马
一、课文原文及逐段翻译
第1段
1. What a magnificent horse! Even after more than a thousand years have passed, we can still feel the power within its burning eyes, bared teeth and kicking hooves. Night-Shining White, now kept in New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art, is regarded as one of the most significant horse paintings in the history of Chinese art. Its artist, Han Gan, is known for his skill in capturing not only the physical features of the animal, but also its inner spirit and strength.
1. 好一匹骏马！尽管已经走过千年的时光，我们仍能感受到它炽烈的双眼、裸露的牙齿与四蹄蹦跳的力量。现收藏于纽约大都会艺术博物馆的《照夜白图》被认为是中国艺术史上最重要的骏马图之一。它的创作者——画家韩干以其神形兼备的画马技艺闻名于世。
第2段
2. Born into a poor family in the early Tang Dynasty, the young Han Gan had to help support his family by working in a local wine shop. His artistic talent was discovered by accident when he was sent to the poet Wang Wei’s house to collect payment for some wine. While waiting at the gate, Han Gan used a stick to draw pictures in the dirt and was seen by the poet himself. Wang Wei decided to sponsor the young man to study painting and recommended him to a master. Due to Han Gan’s natural talent and years of hard work, he was eventually chosen to serve Emperor Xuanzong in the royal palace.
2. 出生于唐初的一个贫困家庭，年少的韩干不得不在当地的一家酒肆工作来维持家庭生计。有一次，他被派至诗人王维家收酒钱，绘画才能因机缘巧合被发现。当时，韩干在门口等候，他捡起一根棍子在土地上画画，正好被王维看见了。王维决定资助这个年轻人学画，并把他推荐给了一位大师。韩干本来就有天赋，加之多年勤学苦练，最终被召入宫为唐玄宗效力。
第3段
3. The Tang emperors were very fond of horses. This meant that the animal was a frequent subject for artists. At that time, the most common way to study horse painting was by copying the works of previous painters. Han Gan’s method, however, was different—he observed the animal itself. He was a frequent visitor to the royal stables and even moved in to live with the stable workers for quite some time. The horses, whether resting or on the move, offered him plenty of inspiration. The more time he spent observing these animals, the more his understanding of them grew. Day after day, Han Gan painted the horses, his brush presenting every detail that he saw with his own eyes.
3. 唐朝皇帝十分喜爱骏马，马因此成为了画家笔下的常见主题。当时学习画马最常用的方法是临摹前人留下的画作。但韩干却采用了不同的方法——他去观察真的马。他是皇家马厩的常客，甚至直接搬到马厩中与马夫同住了很长一段时间。无论是静止休息的马还是动态行进的马，都给了他很多灵感。他观察这些动物的时间越长，对它们的了解程度就越深。韩干日复一日地练习画马，用画笔把眼睛观察到的每一处细节都呈现出来。
第4段
4. It is said that when the Emperor asked Han Gan to take a master of horse painting as his teacher, the artist replied, “I have my own teachers, Your Majesty. All the horses in your stables are my very teachers.”
4. 据说，皇帝曾让他选一位画马大师为师，他却回答说：“陛下，臣自有师，陛下内厩之马，皆臣师也。”
第5段
5. Those who saw Han Gan’s horse paintings all sang high praises for his unique skill, saying that his horses “could gallop off the paper”. Even Su Shi, the famous poet of the Song Dynasty, expressed his admiration for Han Gan as a master of horse painting with the words, “The horses painted by Han Gan are real horses.”
5. 那些看过韩干的骏马图的人都对他独特的技艺赞不绝口，称他的马“跃然纸上”。就连宋代的著名诗人苏轼在都诗中写道“韩生画马真是马”，表达了对韩干画马的卓越才能的钦佩。
二、重点单词
magnificent adj.：宏伟的；壮丽的。What a magnificent horse!
significant adj.：重要的；重大的。one of the most significant horse paintings.
capture v.：捕捉；刻画。his skill in capturing ... features.
physical adj.：身体的；物质的。the physical features.
talent n.：天赋；才能。His artistic talent was discovered.
sponsor v.：赞助；资助。Wang Wei decided to sponsor the young man.
recommend v.：推荐。recommended him to a master.
observe v.：观察。he observed the animal itself.
inspiration n.：灵感。offered him plenty of inspiration.
stable n.：马厩。the royal stables.
unique adj.：独特的。his unique skill.
admiration n.：钦佩；赞赏。expressed his admiration for Han Gan.
gallop v.：疾驰；飞奔。could gallop off the paper.
royal adj.：皇家的。serve Emperor Xuanzong in the royal palace.
三、一词多义与熟词生义
capture 常见义“俘虏、捕获”，课文 capturing ... features 指艺术上“捕捉、传神刻画”形象。
subject 常见义“学科、主题”，the animal was a frequent subject 指绘画“题材、表现对象”。
copy 常见义动词“复制”，by copying the works 此处指学画中的“临摹（前人作品）”。
stable 常见义形容词“稳定的”，the royal stables 作名词“马厩”。
present 常见义“礼物、出席”，his brush presenting every detail 作现在分词“呈现、描绘”。
master 常见义“主人、硕士”，a master of horse painting 指“（艺术）大师”。
四、重点词块
more than a thousand years have passed 千年已过
be regarded as 被认为；被视为
be known for 以……闻名
not only ... but also ... 不但……而且……
support one’s family 养家
by accident 偶然；意外地
collect payment for 收……的钱
be discovered by 被……发现
due to 由于；因为
be fond of 喜欢；喜爱
copy the works of 临摹……的作品
the more ..., the more ... 越……越……
day after day 日复一日
sang high praises for 对……大加赞扬
五、长难句拆解
【原句 1】Night-Shining White, now kept in New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art, is regarded as one of the most significant horse paintings in the history of Chinese art.
【主干】Night-Shining White is regarded as one of the paintings.
【分层】now kept ... 为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰画作；is regarded as 为被动语态“被视为”；in the history ... 为范围状语。
【译文】《照夜白图》现藏于纽约大都会艺术博物馆，被认为是中国艺术史上最重要的骏马图之一。
【考点】过去分词作定语；被动语态 be regarded as；最高级范围表达。
【原句 2】Born into a poor family in the early Tang Dynasty, the young Han Gan had to help support his family by working in a local wine shop.
【主干】the young Han Gan had to help support his family.
【分层】Born into ... 为过去分词短语作状语，表原因/背景；by working ... 为方式状语。
【译文】出生于唐初贫寒之家，年少韩干不得不在当地酒肆帮工以养家。
【考点】过去分词作状语；by + doing 方式状语。
【原句 3】While waiting at the gate, Han Gan used a stick to draw pictures in the dirt and was seen by the poet himself.
【主干】Han Gan used a stick and was seen.
【分层】While waiting ... 为省略主语与 be 的时间状语从句（= While he was waiting）；and 连接并列谓语 used 与 was seen（被动）。
【译文】在门口等候时，韩干用木棍在泥地上画画，恰被诗人本人看见。
【考点】while 省略结构；并列谓语；被动语态。
【原句 4】The more time he spent observing these animals, the more his understanding of them grew.
【主干】The more time (he spent), the more his understanding grew.
【分层】“the + 比较级 ..., the + 比较级 ...”结构；he spent observing ... 为定语从句修饰 time（spent 后省略 in）；of them 作定语。
【译文】他观察这些动物越久，对它们的理解就越深。
【考点】the more ... the more ... 句型；定语从句。
【原句 5】Those who saw Han Gan’s horse paintings all sang high praises for his unique skill, saying that his horses “could gallop off the paper”.
【主干】Those sang high praises for his skill.
【分层】who saw ... 为定语从句修饰 Those；saying ... 为现在分词作伴随状语；that 引导 saying 的宾语从句，含 could gallop 虚拟/夸张表达。
【译文】见过韩干骏马图的人都对其独特技艺大加赞叹，称其马“能跃出纸面”。
【考点】who 定语从句；现在分词伴随状语；that 宾语从句。
六、语法点清单
1. 过去分词作状语/定语
Born into ...；now kept in ...；was seen by ...。表被动、完成，常用于人物背景。
2. the more ..., the more ... 句型
The more time he spent ..., the more his understanding grew。前后对称，表“越……越……”。
3. 并列谓语与连词 and / but / however
used ... and was seen；Han Gan’s method, however, was different。注意语意转折。
4. 非谓语动词（to do / doing）
to draw pictures（目的）；by working（方式）；saying that ...（伴随）；presenting every detail（伴随）。
5. 定语从句（who / that 省略）
Those who saw ...；every detail that he saw（that 可省）。
6. It is said that ... 句型
It is said that when the Emperor asked ...。it 为形式主语，that 主语从句，表“据说”。
七、逻辑链
惊艳（第1段）：《照夜白图》千年仍显神骏 → 点出韩干“形神兼备”的造诣
↓
出身（第2段）：贫寒酒肆童工 → 偶遇王维被资助学画 → 凭天赋苦练入宫
↓
独创（第3段）：唐人爱马、多临摹 → 韩干独辟蹊径“观真马” → 久观生悟、日绘其神
↓
明志（第4段）：皇帝命拜师，答“厩中马皆我师”
↓
扬名（第5段）：观者盛赞“跃然纸上”，苏轼亦钦服
这是一篇“人物+艺术评介”文。 第1段以画作震撼力破题，确立“形神兼备”主旨；第2段交代身世与机遇；第3—4段是核心，揭示其“师法自然（真马）”的独特方法与创新精神；第5段以时人与名家评价印证其艺术高度，结构“由画及人、由法及评”。
八、写作迁移
模板 1：What a + adj + n + (主语 + 谓语)!
课文：What a magnificent horse! Even after ... we can still feel ...
仿写：What a moving story! Even after many years we can still learn from it.（多感人故事！纵过多年我们仍能从中受益。）——用于感叹式开篇。
模板 2：Born into ..., 主语 + had to ... by doing ...
课文：Born into a poor family, the young Han Gan had to support his family by working in a wine shop.
仿写：Born into a fishing village, he had to help by mending nets every day.（生于渔村，他每天只得帮忙补网。）——用于写人物出身与早年。
模板 3：The more ... , the more ...
课文：The more time he spent observing, the more his understanding grew.
仿写：The more you practise speaking, the more confident you become.（练习口语越多，你就越自信。）——用于写“积累带来成长”。
模板 4：It is said that ... replied, “...”
课文：It is said that when the Emperor asked ..., the artist replied, “I have my own teachers.”
仿写：It is said that when asked his secret, the athlete replied, “I just never give up.”（据说被问及秘诀时，这位运动员答道：“我只是从不放弃。”）——用于引述名人名言。
模板 5：Those who ... all sang high praises for ...
课文：Those who saw Han Gan’s paintings all sang high praises for his unique skill.
仿写：Those who read her novel all sang high praises for its vivid language.（读过她小说的人都盛赞其语言生动。）——用于写众口一词的赞誉。
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