Developing ideas 课文精读 · 善行的力量
一、课文原文及逐段翻译
第1段
1. It is August 1939, and a group of frightened children are boarding a train at Prague’s Wilson Station. Their heartbroken parents do not join them. Indeed, they fear they may never see their children again. But they know that their children will live. These are among the 669 children, most of them Jewish, that Nicholas Winton will go on to save from death at the hands of the Nazis.
1. 1939年8月，一群心惊胆战的孩子们在布拉格的威尔逊车站登上列车。而他们伤心欲绝的父母却没有上车。事实上，他们害怕再也见不到自己的孩子了。但他们知道，孩子们会活下来。这些孩子大都是犹太人，他们是尼古拉斯·温顿即将从纳粹手里解救的669名儿童中的一部分。
第2段
2. Nicholas Winton was born on 19 May 1909 in London, to German-Jewish parents. The family later took British nationality. On leaving school, Winton worked in banks in Germany and France. He returned to Britain in 1931, where he worked in business.
2. 尼古拉斯·温顿1909年5月19日出生于伦敦，父母是德裔犹太人。一家人后来加入了英国国籍。从学校毕业后，温顿先后在德国和法国的银行工作。他于1931年回到英国，从事商业工作。
第3段
3. In December 1938, a friend asked Winton to come to Prague to aid people who were escaping from the Nazis. In Prague, Winton saw people living in terrible conditions and whose lives were in danger. He decided to help transport children to safety in Britain. He established an office to keep records of the children, and then returned to Britain to find temporary homes for them. He used donated funds and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child that the British government required. By August 1939, Winton had saved 669 children.
3. 1938年12月，一个朋友请求温顿前往布拉格帮助那里的人们逃脱纳粹的迫害。在布拉格，温顿看到人们生活在恶劣的环境中，连生命都受到威胁。他决定帮助把孩子转移到英国安全的地方。他开设了一个办事处来记录孩子们的信息，然后回到英国为孩子们寻找寄养家庭。他用捐款和自己的钱来支付英国政府向每个孩子征收的50英镑的费用。截至1939年8月，温顿已经解救了669个孩子。
第4段
4. During World War II, Winton served as an officer in Britain’s Royal Air Force. He left the military in 1954. He then worked for international charities and for various companies. For the most part, he did not mention the children he saved, and his actions soon disappeared from people’s memories.
4. 二战期间，温顿曾在英国皇家空军担任军官。他于1954年离开部队。之后他在一些国际慈善机构和多家公司工作过。他极少提及自己救孩子的事情，于是这些事渐渐淡出了人们的记忆。
第5段
5. That all changed in 1988 when his wife Grete found a forgotten journal at home. The journal contained photographs and names of the children and addresses of the families that took them in. She sent the journal to a newspaper, and that year Winton was seen on the British television programme That’s Life. At one point, the host asked people in the audience to stand up if Nicholas Winton had saved their lives. A shocked Winton watched as the majority of people rose to their feet. The programme brought his actions to public attention, and Winton became a respected figure around the world.
5. 直到1988年，一切都发生了改变。他的妻子格蕾特在家中发现一本被遗忘的日记。日记里夹着孩子们的照片，上面记录着孩子们的名字以及寄养家庭的地址。她将日记寄给了一家报社。同年，温顿参加英国的一档电视节目《这就是生活》。节目中，主持人问在场有没有被温顿救过的人，如果有请起立。温顿震惊地看到在场的大多数人都站了起来。这个节目让他的善举为公众所了解，也让温顿被世界各地的人们所尊敬。
第6段
6. Later, Winton received various honours for his achievement, including a knighthood in 2003, and the Czech government’s highest honour, the Order of the White Lion, in 2014.
6. 此后，温顿因其成就而获得了各种荣誉，其中包括2003年获得爵士称号，以及2014年获得捷克政府的最高荣誉“白狮勋章”。
第7段
7. Nicholas Winton passed away on 1 July 2015, at the age of 106. As the Chinese saying goes, “A kind-hearted person lives a long life.”
7. 尼古拉斯·温顿于2015年7月1日与世长辞，享年106岁。正如中国谚语所说：“仁者寿。”
二、重点单词
frightened adj.：害怕的；受惊的。a group of frightened children.
heartbroken adj.：心碎的；悲痛欲绝的。Their heartbroken parents.
Jewish adj.：犹太人的；犹太教的。most of them Jewish.
nationality n.：国籍。took British nationality.
aid v. / n.：援助；帮助。to aid people.
temporary adj.：临时的；暂时的。find temporary homes.
donate v.：捐赠。donated funds.
military n.：军队；军方。He left the military.
journal n.：日记；期刊。a forgotten journal.
host n.：主持人；东道主。the host asked people...
attention n.：注意；关注。brought his actions to public attention.
honour n.：荣誉；尊敬。received various honours.
respected adj.：受尊敬的。a respected figure.
kind-hearted adj.：好心的；仁慈的。A kind-hearted person.
三、一词多义与熟词生义
board 常见义为名词“木板、董事会”，课文 are boarding a train 作动词“登上（交通工具）”。
aid 常见义为名词“援助”，课文 to aid people 作动词“帮助、援助”。
journal 常见义为“期刊、学报”，课文 a forgotten journal 指个人“日记”。
host 常见义“主人、东道主”，课文 the host 指电视“主持人”。
figure 常见义“数字、人物外形”，a respected figure 指“（重要）人物”。
order 常见义“顺序、命令”，the Order of the White Lion 指“勋章、勋位”（专有名词）。
四、重点词块
board a train 登上列车
at the hands of 在……的手里；受……之手
take British nationality 加入英国国籍
on leaving school 从学校毕业后
escape from 从……逃脱
in danger 处于危险中
transport ... to safety 把……转移到安全处
keep records of 记录……的信息
for the most part 在很大程度上；多半
bring ... to public attention 使……为公众所关注
rise to one’s feet 站起身来
receive honours 获得荣誉
pass away 逝世；离世
as the saying goes 正如俗语所说
五、长难句拆解
【原句 1】These are among the 669 children, most of them Jewish, that Nicholas Winton will go on to save from death at the hands of the Nazis.
【主干】These are among the 669 children.
【分层】most of them Jewish 为独立主格（名词 + 形容词）作补充说明；that 引导定语从句修饰 children，从句谓语 will go on to save，save ... from ... 为“从……中拯救”。
【译文】这些孩子大都是犹太人，他们是温顿即将从纳粹手里解救的669名儿童中的一部分。
【考点】独立主格结构；that 定语从句；save ... from 结构。
【原句 2】In Prague, Winton saw people living in terrible conditions and whose lives were in danger.
【主干】Winton saw people.
【分层】living in terrible conditions 为现在分词作后置定语；and 连接并列定语从句 whose lives were in danger（whose 指 people），修饰 people。
【译文】在布拉格，温顿看到人们生活在恶劣环境中，生命也受到威胁。
【考点】现在分词作定语；whose 引导定语从句（并列）。
【原句 3】He used donated funds and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child that the British government required.
【主干】He used funds and money to pay the 50 pounds.
【分层】donated 为过去分词作定语修饰 funds；to pay ... 为不定式表目的；that 引导定语从句修饰 the 50 pounds，required 作从句谓语。
【译文】他用捐款和自己的钱支付英国政府向每个孩子征收的50英镑。
【考点】过去分词作定语；不定式目的状语；that 定语从句。
【原句 4】That all changed in 1988 when his wife Grete found a forgotten journal at home.
【主干】That all changed in 1988.
【分层】when 引导定语从句修饰 1988（也可用时间状语从句理解）；found 后接宾语 a forgotten journal，forgotten 为过去分词作定语。
【译文】直到1988年一切都变了，那时他妻子格蕾特在家发现了一本被遗忘的日记。
【考点】when 引导定语从句（先行词为时间）；过去分词作定语。
【原句 5】A shocked Winton watched as the majority of people rose to their feet.
【主干】Winton watched.
【分层】A shocked Winton 中 shocked 为过去分词作定语；as 引导时间状语从句 the majority of people rose to their feet。
【译文】震惊的温顿看着大多数人都站了起来。
【考点】过去分词作定语；as 时间状语从句。
六、语法点清单
1. 时态混合：过去时与过去完成时
By August 1939, Winton had saved 669 children（截止到过去某时的已完成动作，用过去完成时）。
2. 定语从句（that / whose / when）
that ... save；whose lives were in danger；when ... found。注意 whose 表所属、when 先行词为时间。
3. 现在/过去分词作定语
living in ... / frightened children / forgotten journal / shocked Winton。区分现在分词（主动）与过去分词（被动/状态）。
4. 独立主格结构
most of them Jewish，名词 + 形容词，补充说明主语状态。
5. 非谓语动词作目的状语（to do）
to aid people；to keep records；to pay the 50 pounds；to find temporary homes。
6. as 引导的多种从句
as the Chinese saying goes（ as 引导方式/非限定从句）；as the majority rose（时间）。
七、逻辑链
危局（第1段）：1939年犹太儿童登车逃离纳粹 → 温顿将救出669人（悬念式倒叙）
↓
生平（第2段）：出身、国籍、早年职业铺垫
↓
义举（第3段）：赴布拉格、建办事处、筹资救人 → 截至39年救669名儿童
↓
沉寂（第4段）：战后低调隐瞒，善行被遗忘
↓
显扬（第5—6段）：妻子发现日记、电视曝光 → 世人敬仰、获各项荣誉
↓
结尾（第7段）：106岁辞世，以“仁者寿”收束
这是一篇“人物传记”。 第1段以戏剧性场景切入并点明核心功绩；第2—3段交代背景与救人壮举（传记主体）；第4—6段用“隐没—重光”的对比凸显其不图回报的品格；第7段以辞世与谚语作结，升华“善行不朽”的主题。
八、写作迁移
模板 1：It is + 时间, and ... are / is + 现在分词 ...
课文：It is August 1939, and a group of frightened children are boarding a train.
仿写：It was a cold winter, and hundreds of volunteers were packing relief supplies.（那是个寒冷的冬天，数百名志愿者正打包救援物资。）——用于以场景开篇渲染气氛。
模板 2：On leaving ..., 主语 + 谓语 ...
课文：On leaving school, Winton worked in banks in Germany and France.
仿写：On graduating from university, he founded a small tech company.（大学一毕业，他就创办了一家小型科技公司。）——用于衔接人生阶段。
模板 3：He used ... to pay ... that ... required.
课文：He used donated funds and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child that the government required.
仿写：She used her savings and prizes to buy books that the library needed.（她用积蓄和奖金买下图书馆需要的书。）——用于写筹措与付出。
模板 4：For the most part, 主语 + did not ...
课文：For the most part, he did not mention the children he saved.
仿写：For the most part, he did not boast about his good deeds.（他多半不夸耀自己的善行。）——用于写低调品格。
模板 5：As the Chinese saying goes, “...”
课文：As the Chinese saying goes, “A kind-hearted person lives a long life.”
仿写：As the Chinese saying goes, “A drop of water shall be returned with a spring.”（正如中国古语“滴水之恩，当涌泉相报”。）——用于引谚点题收尾。
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