Using Language 课文精读 · 中国航天之父（钱学森）
一、课文原文及逐段翻译
第1段
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an exceptionally gifted student who led China’s space and rocket programme. However, his path to becoming the “Father of China’s Aerospace” was not an easy one.
也许再没有哪位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。《钱学森的故事》一书的作者把他描述为一个具有"伟大科学思想和科学精神"、热爱祖国并以努力、成就和奉献报效国家的人。钱学森是一位极具天赋的学生，他领导了中国的航天与火箭工程。然而，他成为"中国航天之父"的道路并非一帆风顺。
第2段
Qian was born in Hangzhou in 1911. After graduating from high school, he attended universities in China, where he studied railway mechanical engineering. However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect the country, so he decided to switch his major to aviation.
钱学森1911年生于杭州。高中毕业后，他在中国上大学，学习铁道机械工程。然而，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建立强大的空军来保卫国家，于是决定把专业转向航空。
第3段
Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies. Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology. As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology in the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion. In the 1940s, Qian and several other Chinese students formed the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which later became NASA’s leading centre for rocket science.
1935年，钱学森前往美国攻读研究生。在二十世纪三四十年代，钱学森成为美国喷气式飞机与火箭技术的先驱。二十世纪三十年代，在加州理工学院担任研究生助理期间，他协助开展了火箭推进方面的重要研究。二十世纪四十年代，钱学森与几位中国留学生创办了喷气推进实验室，该实验室后来成为美国宇航局领先的火箭科学中心。
第4段
After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US, Qian returned to China in 1955. He received a hero’s welcome and was put in charge of developing China’s rocket science as well as its space and missile programme. At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped. No institute or university in the country offered rocket science. However, Qian did not let that discourage him.
在美国的最后几年克服了种种困难之后，钱学森于1955年回到中国。他受到了英雄般的欢迎，并被委以重任，负责发展中国火箭科学以及航天与导弹计划。那时中国还很贫穷，火箭科学尚不发达，国内没有一所院校开设火箭科学专业。然而，钱学森并未因此气馁。
第5段
Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets. In 1970, China launched its first man-made satellite, Dongfanghong 1, using a Long March rocket. Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian’s research, he is often referred to as “the father of China’s aerospace”.
在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了"东风"导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代"长征"系列火箭。1970年，中国用"长征"火箭成功发射了本国第一颗人造卫星"东方红一号"。由于"神舟"系列火箭的许多技术也可追溯到钱学森的研究，他常被称为"中国航天之父"。
第6段
Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable, especially in the area of frontier science research. However, it might have been his interest in other things — music, painting and so on — that made him such an outstanding and creative scientist. His deep appreciation of art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research.
钱学森博览群书，尤其在前沿科学研究领域知识极为渊博。然而，也许正是他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣，使他成为如此杰出而富有创造力的科学家。他对艺术深刻的鉴赏力，常常给科研工作带来灵感。
第7段
On 31 October 2009, the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death, and people honoured and remembered him in different ways.
2009年10月31日，钱学森逝世，举国哀痛，人们以各种方式缅怀和纪念他。
二、重点单词
aerospace n. / adj.：航空航天（的）；航天科学。China’s aerospace science（中国航天科学）
impact n.：影响；作用。have an impact on（对……有影响）
patriotic adj.：爱国的。a patriotic scientist（爱国的科学家）
devotion n.：奉献；忠心。served his homeland with devotion
gifted adj.：有天赋的；有才华的。an exceptionally gifted student
mechanical adj.：机械的。railway mechanical engineering（铁道机械工程）
aviation n.：航空；飞行。switch his major to aviation
pioneer n.：先驱；先锋。a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology
propulsion n.：推进（力）。research into rocket propulsion
missile n.：导弹。China’s missile programme
undeveloped adj.：不发达的；未开发的。its rocket science was undeveloped
launch v.：发射；发起。launched its first man-made satellite
satellite n.：人造卫星。its first man-made satellite
frontier n.：前沿；边界。frontier science research（前沿科学研究）
appreciation n.：欣赏；鉴赏；感激。His deep appreciation of art
inspiration n.：灵感；鼓舞。gave him inspiration in his research
三、一词多义与熟词生义
impact 常见义为"冲击、撞击（物理）"，课文 have an impact on 中意为"影响、作用"，偏抽象。
pioneer 常见义"拓荒者、先驱者（开疆拓土）"，课文指科技领域的"开创者、先行者"。
launch 常见义"发起、推出（活动/产品）"，课文指"发射（卫星）"，是航天语境专有用法。
appreciation 常见义"感激、感谢"，课文 deep appreciation of art 指"欣赏、鉴赏（艺术）"。
frontier 常见义"国界、边境"，课文 frontier science 指"前沿（科学）"，引申为学科最尖端领域。
四、重点词块
have an impact on 对……有影响
be described as 被描述为；被称为
serve one’s homeland 报效祖国；为祖国服务
attend university 上大学；就读大学
switch one’s major to 把专业转向
pursue one’s graduate studies 攻读研究生
become a pioneer in 成为……的先驱
conduct research into 对……开展研究
be put in charge of 被委任负责；掌管
as well as 也；和……一样
under one’s leadership 在……的领导下
trace back to 追溯到
be referred to as 被称为；被称作
deep appreciation of 对……的深刻鉴赏
五、长难句拆解
【原句 1】Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.
【主干】no other scientist has had a greater impact than Qian Xuesen.
【分层】no other ... than ... 为"比较级表最高级"结构，意为"再没有比……更……的"；on China’s aerospace science 为介词短语后置定语修饰 impact。
【译文】也许再没有哪位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。
【考点】no other ... than 表最高级含义；介词短语后置定语；现在完成时。
【原句 2】Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland ..., Qian was an exceptionally gifted student ...
【主干】Described as a man ..., Qian was a gifted student.
【分层】Described by ... as ... 为过去分词短语作状语（被动含义，逻辑主语 Qian）；with ... 介词短语作后置定语修饰 man；who was patriotic ... 为嵌套在 man 后的定语从句。
【译文】被《钱学森的故事》作者描述为一位具有"伟大科学思想和科学精神"、热爱祖国并……的人，钱学森是一位极具天赋的学生。
【考点】过去分词作状语；with 复合后置定语；who 定语从句。
【原句 3】In the 1940s, Qian and several other Chinese students formed the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which later became NASA’s leading centre for rocket science.
【主干】Qian and students formed the Laboratory.
【分层】which later became ... 为非限制性定语从句，which 指代 the Jet Propulsion Laboratory，补充说明其后续地位。
【译文】二十世纪四十年代，钱学森与几位中国留学生创办了喷气推进实验室，该实验室后来成为美国宇航局领先的火箭科学中心。
【考点】非限制性定语从句（which）；专有名词作同位/补语。
【原句 4】Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets.
【主干】China developed the Dongfeng missiles.
【分层】Under Qian’s leadership 为介词短语作状语；followed by ... 为过去分词作后置定语修饰 missiles，表"紧随其后的是……"。
【译文】在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了"东风"导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代"长征"系列火箭。
【考点】过去分词 followed by 作后置定语；介词短语状语。
【原句 5】Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian’s research, he is often referred to as “the father of China’s aerospace”.
【主干】Because ..., he is referred to as ...
【分层】Because 引导原因状语从句；behind the Shenzhou rockets 为介词短语后置定语修饰 technology；主句谓语 can be traced back to 为情态动词被动语态；be referred to as 为固定搭配。
【译文】由于"神舟"系列火箭的许多技术也可追溯到钱学森的研究，他常被称为"中国航天之父"。
【考点】because 原因状语从句；被动语态；be referred to as 搭配。
六、语法点清单
1. 比较级表最高级（no other ... than）
no other scientist has had a greater impact ... than Qian Xuesen，用比较级表达"无人能及"的最高级语意。
2. 过去分词作状语与后置定语
Described by ... as ...（状语，表被动）；followed by ...（后置定语，表"被跟随"）。分词逻辑主语须与句子主语一致或为被修饰名词。
3. 定语从句（who / which）
who was patriotic ...（限制性与嵌套）；which later became ...（非限制性，补充说明实验室）。
4. 被动语态
was described, was put in charge of, can be traced back to, is referred to as。人物传记多突出"被描述、被委任、被称"等被动关系。
5. 并列结构（as well as）
developing China’s rocket science as well as its space and missile programme，连接并列宾语，侧重后者。
6. 推测性情态（might have been ... that）
it might have been his interest ... that made him ...，用 might have done 表对过去的推测，配合强调句。
七、逻辑链
总评（第1段）：钱学森对中国航天影响最大，但其成名之路并不平坦
↓
求学（第2段）：杭州出生 → 铁道机械 → 淞沪会战促其转攻航空
↓
留美（第3段）：1935赴美攻读，成为喷气/火箭先驱，创办喷气推进实验室
↓
归国（第4段）：1955年克服阻碍回国，受命发展中国火箭（白手起家）
↓
成就（第5段）：领导研制东风、长征，发射东方红一号，奠定航天之父地位
↓
成因（第6段）：跨界艺术兴趣成就其创造力
↓
缅怀（第7段）：2009年逝世，举国哀悼
这是一篇"总—分—总"的人物传记：第1段给出总评与定调；第2—5段按时间顺序（出生→留美→归国→成就）展开生平；第6段剖析其创造力的来源，第7段收尾于逝世与怀念。
八、写作迁移
模板 1：Perhaps no other ... has had a greater impact on ... than ...
课文：Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.
仿写：Perhaps no other teacher has had a greater impact on my life than my headmaster.（也许再没有哪位老师比我校长对我的人生影响更大。）——用于高度评价人物。
模板 2：Described as ..., ... was ...
课文：Described by the authors as a man with ..., Qian was an exceptionally gifted student.
仿写：Described as a tireless worker, she was soon promoted to manager.（被称为不懈的工作者，她很快被提拔为经理。）——用过去分词作状语引出人物特质。
模板 3：After overcoming ..., ... returned to ...
课文：After overcoming some difficulties, Qian returned to China in 1955.
仿写：After overcoming many setbacks, he returned to the lab with renewed confidence.（克服诸多挫折后，他带着新的信心回到实验室。）——用于叙事转折。
模板 4：Under one’s leadership, ... developed ...
课文：Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles.
仿写：Under her leadership, the team developed a new teaching model.（在她的领导下，团队研发出新的教学模式。）——用于说明带领下的成果。
模板 5：it might have been ... that made him ...
课文：it might have been his interest in other things that made him such an outstanding scientist.
仿写：It might have been his curiosity that made him such a great inventor.（也许正是他的好奇心使他成为如此伟大的发明家。）——强调句型表推测成因。
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