Reading and Thinking 课文精读 · 造福全人类的先驱者
一、课文原文及逐段翻译
第1段
Yuan Longping, known as the "father of hybrid rice", is one of China's most famous scientists. Yet, he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his research. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life.
袁隆平，被誉为"杂交水稻之父"，是中国最著名的科学家之一。然而，他认为自己是个农民，因为他不断地在田间耕作，进行科学研究。确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千百万中国农民一样。
第2段
Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.
袁隆平1930年出生于北京。他的父母希望他从事科学或医学方面的工作。然而，最让他担心的是，农民经常歉收，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。为了应对这一危机，他选择了学习农业，并在重庆的西南农学院接受教育。
第3段
After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had. How this could be done was a challenging question at the time. Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species. One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. The common assumption then was that it could not be done. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.
1953年毕业后，他从事研究工作。袁隆平意识到，解决问题的办法并不是扩大农田面积，而是农民们需要提高他们已有土地上农作物的产量。如何做到这一点在当时是一个具有挑战性的问题。袁隆平坚信，可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到答案。杂交植物是一个物种的两个或多个变种之间的杂交。杂交作物的一个特点是它们的产量通常比常规作物高。然而，是否有可能培育出如水稻等自花授粉植物的杂交种，这是一个充满争议的问题。人们普遍认为这是不可能做到的。通过不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术难题，于1974年研制出了第一批可用于农业生产的杂交水稻。这种杂交植物使农民能够大幅度增加他们的水稻产量。
第4段
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. Yuan's innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam. Because of his invaluable contributions, Yuan Longping has received numerous awards both in China and abroad.
据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。袁隆平的创新不仅帮助养活了中国，也养活了许多其他依赖大米的国家，如印度和越南。因为他做出了不可估量的贡献，袁隆平在国内外获得了无数奖项。
第5段
Given that Yuan's hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. However, this is far from the case. Deep down, Yuan is still very much a farmer at heart. As a man of the soil, he cares little for celebrity or money. Instead, he makes large donations to support agricultural research.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。然而，事实远非如此。实际上，袁隆平在内心深处仍然是一位农民。作为一个土生土长的人，他不太在乎名利。相反，他大量捐款支持农业科学研究。
第6段
What impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfill his dreams. Long ago, he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum, with each ear of rice as big as a broom, and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut. He succeeded in producing a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad. His latest vision for "seawater rice" has also become a reality, and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production. Despite his advanced years, Yuan Longping is still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone is waiting to see what he will dream up next.
袁隆平给人印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。很久以前，他设想水稻高至高粱，稻穗大如扫帚，而每粒稻谷大如花生。他成功地种植出一种可以养活国内外更多人口的水稻。他对"海水稻"的最新设想也已成为现实，并可能在中国开辟近100万平方公里的盐碱地，用于水稻生产。尽管年事已高，袁隆平的内心仍然年轻，富有远见，每个人都在等着看他下一步的梦想。
二、重点单词
hybrid adj. / n.：杂交的；杂交种。the "father of hybrid rice"
devote v.：致力于；献身。to whom he has devoted his life
shortage n.：缺乏；不足。a serious shortage of food
tackle v.：处理；解决。To tackle this crisis
boost v.：提高；推动。boost yields
convince v.：使确信；说服。Yuan was convinced that ...
variety n.：品种；种类。two or more varieties of a species
attain v.：达到；获得。attain a higher yield
conventional adj.：常规的；传统的。conventional crops
self-pollinating adj.：自花授粉的。self-pollinating plants
assumption n.：假定；假设。The common assumption then was ...
innovation n.：创新；革新。Yuan's innovation
envision v.：想象；展望。he envisioned rice plants ...
三、一词多义与熟词生义
father 常见义"父亲"，课文中 the "father of hybrid rice" 喻指"……之父、奠基人"。
land 常见义"土地、国土"，课文中 works the land 意为"耕作、种地"。
species 常见义"物种"，课文中 a species 指"（生物）物种"，varieties of a species 即"同物种的品种"。
strain 常见义"拉紧、张力"，课文中 hybrid strains 指"（作物的）品系、品种"。
man of the soil 短语，课文中 As a man of the soil 意为"作为扎根土地的人、农民本色"。
四、重点词块
known as 被称为；被誉为
work the land 耕作；种地
pursue a career in 从事……职业
poor harvests 歉收
a shortage of 缺乏；不足
boost yields 提高产量
be convinced that 坚信……
a cross between ... and ... ……与……的杂交
self-pollinating plants 自花授粉植物
overcome difficulties 克服困难
domestic rice consumption 国内稻米消费
feed not just ... but ... 不仅养活……也养活……
retire to a life of leisure 退休享受闲适生活
dream up 设想出；想出
五、长难句拆解
【原句 1】Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life.
【主干】his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers.
【分层】that 替代 body，避免重复；to whom 引导非限制性定语从句修饰 farmers，whom 作介词 to 的宾语，devoted his life to 为固定搭配。
【译文】确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千百万中国农民一样。
【考点】that 替代词；介词 + whom 引导的非限制性定语从句；devote ... to 搭配。
【原句 2】However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.
【主干】whether ... was a matter of great debate.
【分层】whether it was possible to develop ... 为 whether 引导的主语从句，it 为形式主语（真正主语为 to develop ...）；of self-pollinating plants 为介词短语作 hybrid 的后置定语；such as rice 为举例。
【译文】然而，是否有可能培育出如水稻等自花授粉植物的杂交种，这是一个充满争议的问题。
【考点】whether 引导的主语从句；it 作形式主语；such as 举例。
【原句 3】What impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfill his dreams.
【主干】What impresses people most ... is his ongoing ability.
【分层】What 引导主语从句（what 在从句中作主语），is 为系动词，表语为 his ongoing ability to fulfill his dreams（不定式作后置定语）。
【译文】袁隆平给人印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。
【考点】what 引导的主语从句；不定式 to fulfill 作 ability 的后置定语。
六、语法点清单
1. 非限制性定语从句（介词 + whom）
to whom he has devoted his life。介词 to 前置，whom 指 farmers。
2. what 引导的主语从句
What impresses people most ...。what 兼具"先行词 + 关系词"功能。
3. whether 引导的主语从句 + 形式主语
whether it was possible to develop ... was a matter ...。it 为形式主语，to develop 为真正主语。
4. 同位语 / 表语 be comprised of
is comprised of crops ...。被动结构表示"由……组成"。
5. 并列连词 not just ... but ...
has helped feed not just China, but many other countries。强调范围扩展。
6. 介词短语作后置定语
of hybrid rice；of self-pollinating plants；for rice production；to fulfill his dreams。
七、逻辑链
定调（第1段）：袁隆平——科学家，更是农民本色，献身三农
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缘起（第2段）：目睹饥馑，弃医从农，立志农业
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攻坚（第3段）：从"扩大面积"转向"杂交增产"，冲破不可能，1974成功
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功绩（第4段）：60%消费、两亿吨、惠及印越，荣誉无数
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品格（第5段）：富而不奢，捐资助研，农民之心
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追梦（第6段）：宏愿不止——海水稻开辟盐碱地，老而弥坚
本文是"人物传记 + 精神礼赞"的记叙性说明文：第1段立人设；第2—4段按"动机—科研—成就"展开；第5—6段升华品格与梦想，塑造"躬耕为民"的科学家形象。
八、写作迁移
模板 1：... is just like that of ..., to whom ...
课文：his body is just like that of millions of farmers, to whom he has devoted his life.
仿写：His spirit is just like that of the pioneers, to whom we owe our progress.（他的精神正像那些先驱，我们的进步正归功于他们。）——用于人物类比与定语从句。
模板 2：what concerned him most was that ...
课文：what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests ...
仿写：what worried her most was that the river was drying up.（最让她担忧的是河流正在干涸。）——用于写人物关切。
模板 3：Yuan was convinced that ...
课文：Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in ...
仿写：She was convinced that the key lay in practice.（她坚信关键在于实践。）——用于写信念。
模板 4：... has helped feed not just ..., but many other ... as well.
课文：has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well.
仿写：The project has helped not just the city, but many neighbouring towns as well.（该项目不仅帮了这座城市，也帮了许多邻近城镇。）——用于写影响的扩展。
模板 5：What impresses people most about ... is ...
课文：What impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfill his dreams.
仿写：What impresses people most about the teacher is her endless patience.（这位老师最让人印象深刻的，是她无尽的耐心。）——用于人物评价收尾。
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