人教版高中英语必修一 Unit4 Reading for Writing Tsunami Hits Asia 海啸袭击亚洲 原文译文重点单词短语长难句结构拆解等知识点解读

一、课文原文及逐段翻译

Reading for Writing · TSUNAMI HITS ASIA: OVER 6,500 DEAD　海啸袭击亚洲：6500余人丧生（新闻报道）

导语原文：By Robert Woodhouse Monday, 27 December 2004. The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island. In that area alone, at least 1,870 people were killed.

译文：罗伯特·伍德侯斯 2004年12月27日，星期一。昨日，40年来最为强烈的地震引发了冲击亚洲沿海地带的海啸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家6500多人死亡。渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被高达9.0级的强震所引发的巨浪卷走。海啸巨浪由周日上午7点许发生在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近海域的海底地震引发。仅该地区就有至少1870人遇难。

各国数据原文：In Sri Lanka, some 1,600 kilometres west of the quake centre, the number of deaths stood at 2,498, and one million more were affected by the tsunami, government officials said. Indian officials said as many as 1,900 had been killed along the southern coast. Another 254 were found dead in Thailand and 54 in three other countries. In southern Thailand, 1,900 people were hurt and many more were missing, local officials said.

译文：政府官员称，在震中以西约1600千米处的斯里兰卡，死亡人数高达2498人，另有100多万人受到海啸的影响。印度官员称，南部沿海地区有多达1900人丧生。泰国另有254人死亡，其他三个国家则有54人丧生。当地官员表示，泰国南部有1900人受伤，失踪人数则更多。

亲历者引语原文："I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. We had to leave everything and run to safety," said Chandra Theeravit, a local Thai woman.

译文：泰国当地一位女子钱德拉·特拉维说："当时我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。我们只好放弃一切，逃到安全的地方。"

预估与救援原文：Thousands of people are still missing, and the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher over the next few days. Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami-hit countries. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.

译文：目前仍有数千人失踪，预计在未来几天死亡人数还将增加。目前（人们）正在为这些受海啸袭击的国家组织外援。然而，由于条件险恶和道路受阻，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。

二、重点单词

powerful 形容词：强大的、有力的。课文原句 "The most powerful earthquake."

tsunami 名词：海啸。课文原句 标题与正文核心词。

coastline 名词：海岸线，由 coast + line 构成。课文原句 "crashed into coastlines."

magnitude 名词：（地震）震级。课文原句 "reached a magnitude of 9.0."

undersea 形容词：海底的、海下的。课文原句 "The undersea quake."

strike 动词：袭击、打击，过去式 struck。课文原句 "The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m."

affect 动词：影响，注意与 effect 名词区分。课文原句 "were affected by the tsunami."

official 名词：官员、行政人员。课文原句 "government officials said."

aid 名词/动词：援助、救助。课文原句 "Foreign aid is being organised."

deliver 动词：递送、运送。课文原句 "deliver food and supplies."

supply 名词：物资、供应，常用复数 supplies。课文原句 "deliver food and supplies."

三、一词多义与熟词生义

crash 常见义"碰撞、坠毁"，课文中 "crashed into coastlines" 指海啸"猛烈冲击/拍打"海岸线。

strike 常见义动词"打、击"，课文中 "the quake struck" 意为"（地震）发生、袭击"，新闻常用。

affect 常见误作名词，课文中作动词"影响"；注意其名词是 effect（影响/效果）。

aid 常见义动词"帮助"，课文中作名词"援助"（foreign aid），新闻高频。

missing 常见义"丢失的"，课文中 "were missing" 指"失踪的（人员）"，灾难报道核心词。

deliver 常见义"投递（邮件）"，课文中 "deliver food and supplies" 指"运送（救援物资）"。

sweep 常见义"打扫"，课文中 "were swept away" 意为"被卷走/冲走"，sweep away 整体记。

四、重点词块

灾害描述块

in the past 40 years（过去40年里）、cause a tsunami（引发海啸）、crash into（猛撞/冲击）、sweep away（卷走）、reach a magnitude of 9.0（达到9.0级）、off the west coast of（在……西海岸外海域）、in that area alone（仅该地区）、the number of deaths stood at（死亡人数达……）、as many as（多达）、be affected by（受……影响）。

救援/预估块

be expected to（预计会……）、over the next few days（未来几天内）、foreign aid（外援）、the tsunami-hit countries（受海啸袭击的国家）、make it difficult to（使……难以）、deliver food and supplies（运送食物与物资）。

语篇衔接

however（然而）、and（并列）、moreover 类（更多）。新闻用"导语—分国数据—引语—预估"的倒金字塔结构，信息按重要性递减。

五、长难句拆解

【原句】The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in ... countries.
【主干】The earthquake caused a tsunami ...
【分层】in the past 40 years 定语；that crashed into ... 定语从句修饰 tsunami；killing ... 现在分词作结果状语，表"导致……伤亡"。
【翻译】过去40年最强地震引发海啸冲击亚洲海岸，造成多国6500余人死亡。
【考点】that 定语从句；现在分词 killing 作结果状语。

【原句】Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.
【主干】Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away ...
【分层】by huge waves 动作发出者；caused by ... 过去分词作定语修饰 waves；that reached ... 定语从句修饰 earthquake。
【翻译】渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被9.0级强震引发的巨浪卷走。
【考点】被动语态；过去分词 caused 作定语；that 定语从句。

【原句】In Sri Lanka, some 1,600 kilometres west of the quake centre, the number of deaths stood at 2,498, and one million more were affected by the tsunami, government officials said.