一、课文原文及逐段翻译
Unit Eight Lesson 3 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea／海底两万里
第1段原文：Fact File Jules Verne (1828-1905), a French novelist, was called the “Father of Science Fiction”. He wrote a widely popular series of science fictions, including Journey to the Centre of the Earth (1864), 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1870), and Around the World in Eighty Days (1873).
译文：事实档案：儒勒·凡尔纳(1828——1905)，法国小说家，被誉为“科幻小说之父”。他写了一系列广受欢迎的科幻小说，包括《地心历险记》(1864年)、《海底两万里》(1870年）和《八十天环游地球》(1873年)。
第2段原文：The crash was so violent that I have no clear recollection of falling from the boat. Might I hope to be saved? The darkness was intense. I saw a black mass disappearing in the east. It was the boat! I was lost.
译文：撞击实在是太猛烈了，我不清楚自己是怎么从船上摔下来的。我会被救起吗？夜色沉黑，我仿佛看到一大块黑东西在东方渐渐消失了。那是我们的船！我被丢下了。
第3段原文：“Help, help!” I shouted, swimming towards the boat in desperation. I was sinking! I couldn’t breathe! “Help!” My mouth filled with water; I struggled against being drawn deeper, deeper down. Suddenly I felt myself quickly drawn up to the surface of the sea; and I heard these words: “If master would be so good as to hold onto my shoulder, master would swim with much greater ease.” I grabbed my faithful Conseil’s arm with one hand.
译文：“救命啊，救命啊!”我大喊着，绝望地朝船游去。我要沉下去了！透不过气了！“救命啊！”海水灌进嘴里，我挣扎着不被淹没。突然，我感觉自己被快速地拉出水面，我听见有人说:“如果主人能抓牢我的肩膀，主人会游得轻松很多。”我用一只手抓住忠仆康塞尔的胳膊。
第4段原文：“Is it you?” said I.
译文：“是你吗？”我问。
第5段原文：“Myself,” answered Conseil.
译文：“正是我。”康塞尔回答。
第6段原文：“That crash threw you as well as me into the sea?”
译文：“也是因为刚才的撞击掉下来的？”
第7段原文：“No; but, being in my master’s service, I followed him.”
译文：“不是。为了服侍先生，我就跟着下来了。”
第8段原文：Conseil was cool and calm. Nevertheless, our situation was no less terrible. Near one o’clock in the morning, I suddenly felt terribly tired. Conseil had to keep me up, and our preservation depended on him alone. “Leave me! Leave me!” I said to him.
译文：康赛尔很冷静。不过，我们的处境仍旧很糟糕。将近凌晨一点，我突然感到极度疲惫。康塞尔不得不托着我，保全我们两个人生命的重担全落在他一人身上。“放开我吧！别管我了！”我对他说。
第9段原文：“Never!” replied he. “I would drown first.”
译文：“不行！要沉下去也是我先沉。”他答道。
第10段原文：“Help! Help!” cried Conseil. It seemed to me as if a cry answered him. There was no mistake! A human voice responded to ours! Then, I know not why, the thought of the strange, terrible animal came into my head for the first time! But that voice! I had almost no strength left; my fingers could hardly move; my mouth, opening and closing, filled with salt water. I became colder and colder. I raised my head for the last time, then I sank.
译文：“救命啊！救命啊！”康塞尔喊道。我似乎隐约听到有人回应。没错！是有个人在回应！然后，不知道为什么我第一次想到那个奇怪的、可怕的动物！可是那人声不假！我的力气已经消耗殆尽，手指变得僵硬；我的嘴一张一合，灌满了又咸又苦的海水，我越来越冷。我最后一次抬起头来，之后便沉了下去。
第11段原文：At this moment a hard body struck me. I held onto it; then I felt that I was being drawn up, that I was brought to the surface of the water, that my chest collapsed—my eyes closed, unconscious. I soon woke up, and half opened my eyes. I saw a face which I immediately recognised. “Ned!” I cried.
译文：就在这时，一个坚硬的东西撞了我一下。我紧紧地抓住了它；接着，我觉得有人往上拉我，把我拉出了水面，我的胸部不胀了——眼睛紧闭，失去了知觉。我很快就苏醒过来，半睁开眼睛，看到一张面孔立马就认了出来。“奈德！”我喊道。
第12段原文：“The same, sir!” replied the Canadian.
译文：“正是我，先生！”加拿大人答道。
第13段原文：“Were you thrown into the sea when the boat crashed?”
译文：“你也是撞击时坠入海里的吗？”
第14段原文：“Yes, Professor, but more fortunate than you, I was able to find safety almost immediately upon this island in the sea. Or, more correctly speaking, on this large whale. Only I soon found out why my weapon had not entered its skin, but bounced of.”
译文：“是的，教授，但情形比您好一些，落水后不久就脱险了，遇到了海里的这个小岛。或者更准确地说，是在这条大鲸鱼身上。不过，我很快就明白了，为什么武器刺不穿它的皮肤，而是被弹开。”
第15段原文：“Why, Ned, why?”
译文：“为什么呢，奈德，究竟是为什么呢？”
第16段原文：“Because that creature is made of steel.” I moved myself quickly to the top of the being, and kicked it. It was evidently a hard, solid body. The black back that supported me was smooth, polished, nothing like an animal. The blow produced a sound of metal; and, incredible though it may be, it seemed as if it was made of metal plates. This monster was a human construction. We were lying upon the back of a sort of underwater boat. I searched all over the outside for an opening, a hole, but found nothing. At last this long night passed. Daybreak appeared. Suddenly a noise came from inside the boat. One iron plate was moved, a man appeared, uttered an odd cry, and disappeared immediately. Some moments after, eight strong men, their faces covered, appeared noiselessly, and drew us down into their incredible machine.
译文：“因为这个生物是钢铁做的。”我迅速地爬到了它的上面，踢了一脚。显然，这是一个坚硬、结实的物体。在我脚下黑色的背脊精光溜滑，一点也不像动物。撞击时，这东西发出金属的声音；虽然听起来不可思议，但它似乎就像用铁板做成的。这个怪物是人造的。我们正躺在一只潜水船的背上。我四处查找，试图找到开口、气孔，但什么也没有。终于，漫漫长夜过去了，天亮了。突然船内传来一阵响声，一块钢板被掀了起来，出来一个人。这人怪叫一声，立刻又消失不见了。过了一会儿，八个壮汉蒙着脸，一声不响地出现了，把我们拖进了他们那不可思议的机器里。
教材录入说明：bounced of 应为 bounced off（被弹开）；Fact File 为教材栏目名「事实档案」；文末 incredible machine 指潜水艇。上列原文保留扫描件原貌，讲解按规范形式处理。
二、重点单词
novelist n. a person who writes novels 小说家；a French novelist 作同位语。
recollection n. the memory of something 记忆、回想；have no clear recollection of doing sth 记不清做过某事。
violent adj. very strong and forceful 猛烈的；The crash was so violent that...
mass n. a large solid lump 一大团、一大块；a black mass disappearing in the east。
desperation n. the state of having no hope 绝望；in desperation 绝望地。
struggle v. to try hard against difficulty 挣扎；struggled against being drawn deeper。
faithful adj. loyal and devoted 忠诚的；my faithful Conseil 忠仆康塞尔。
nevertheless adv. in spite of that 然而、不过（比 however 正式）。
preservation n. keeping someone alive or safe 保全、存活；our preservation depended on him alone。
unconscious adj. not awake or aware 失去知觉的；my eyes closed, unconscious 为独立主格式补充。
recognise v. to identify someone you know 认出；a face which I immediately recognised。
evidently adv. clearly, as it appears 显然；用于推理句，标志「我」开始下判断。
polished adj. made smooth and shiny 光滑的；与 smooth 并列写「背脊」。
incredible adj. impossible to believe 难以置信的；their incredible machine 收束全文。
construction n. something built 建造物、构造物；a human construction 人造之物。
noiselessly adv. without making any sound 无声地；appeared noiselessly。
utter v. to make a sound or say something 发出（声音）；uttered an odd cry。
bounce v. to spring back after hitting 弹回；my weapon had not entered its skin, but bounced off。
三、一词多义和熟词生义
mass：熟义 n. 质量、大量 → 课文义「一大团（看不清形状的物体）」。I saw a black mass disappearing in the east，用模糊名词写落水者视线不清，正是限知视角的用词。
draw：熟义 v. 画、拉 → 课文多处「拉」：drawn up to the surface 被拉出水面、drew us down into 把我們拖进去、struggled against being drawn deeper 挣扎着不被拖向更深处。一词贯穿三次获救。
preservation：熟义 n. 保存（文物）→ 课文义「保全性命」。our preservation depended on him alone 两人的命全压在他一人身上。
blow：熟义 n. 吹、打击 → The blow produced a sound of metal 指「我踢的那一脚 / 那一下撞击」，是名词化用法，也是推理的关键证据。
support：熟义 v. 支持、支撑 → The black back that supported me 指「托住我（让我站住）的黑色背脊」，由抽象转具体。
master：熟义 n. 主人、大师 → 课文中是仆人康塞尔对阿龙纳斯教授的尊称：If master would be so good as to hold onto my shoulder 若主人肯抓牢我的肩膀。称呼里已把主仆关系与忠诚写足。
四、重点词块
【遇险与挣扎】
1. The crash was so violent that... 撞击猛烈到…… 2. have no clear recollection of falling 记不清怎么摔下去 3. in desperation 绝望地 4. struggle against being drawn deeper 挣扎着不被拖向更深处 5. My mouth filled with water 海水灌进嘴里 6. be drawn up to the surface 被拉出水面 7. hold onto my shoulder 抓牢我的肩膀 8. keep me up 托住我
【对白与人物】
1. Is it you? 是你吗 2. in my master's service 为服侍主人 3. I followed him 我就跟着下来了 4. I would drown first 要沉也是我先沉 5. more correctly speaking 更准确地说 6. be thrown into the sea 被撞落海中 7. more fortunate than you 比您幸运些
【推理与发现】
1. be made of steel 由钢铁制成 2. a hard, solid body 坚硬结实的物体 3. smooth, polished 又光又滑 4. produce a sound of metal 发出金属声 5. it seemed as if... 似乎…… 6. a human construction 人造之物 7. a sort of underwater boat 某种潜水船 8. search all over the outside for an opening 四处寻找开口
【收束场景】
1. At last this long night passed 长夜终于过去 2. Daybreak appeared 天亮了 3. One iron plate was moved 一块铁板被掀开 4. utter an odd cry 怪叫一声 5. their faces covered 蒙着脸（独立主格） 6. appear noiselessly 无声地出现 7. draw us down into their incredible machine 把我们拖进那不可思议的机器
五、长难句拆解
句1
【原句】The crash was so violent that I have no clear recollection of falling from the boat.
【主干】The crash was so violent that I have no clear recollection.
【分层】so + adj. + that 引导结果状语从句；have no clear recollection of doing 中 of 后接动名词，falling 的逻辑主语是 I；主句用一般过去时、从句用现在完成时，表示「撞击当时」与「至今仍记不清」的时间差。
【翻译】撞击太猛烈了，我甚至记不清自己是怎么从船上摔下来的。
【考点】so ... that 结果状语 + 介词后接动名词 + 跨时态；开篇第一句就用「记忆空白」把读者与叙述者放进同一认知起点。
句2
【原句】Suddenly I felt myself quickly drawn up to the surface of the sea; and I heard these words: 'If master would be so good as to hold onto my shoulder, master would swim with much greater ease.'
【主干】I felt myself drawn up ..., and I heard these words: ...
【分层】felt + 宾语 + 过去分词作宾补（myself 与 draw 是被动关系）；分号后冒号引出直接引语；If 条件句用 would be so good as to do 表极委婉的请求；主句 would swim 与条件句呼应；with much greater ease 为方式状语（比较级 + 抽象名词）。
【翻译】忽然，我觉得自己被迅速拉出海面；随后听见这样一句话：「主人若肯抓牢我的肩膀，游起来会省力得多。」
【考点】feel + 宾语 + done（与 see sb doing / watch sb do 对比记忆）+ would be so good as to 委婉句式 + 虚拟色彩的条件句。
句3
【原句】Some moments after, eight strong men, their faces covered, appeared noiselessly, and drew us down into their incredible machine.
【主干】eight strong men appeared and drew us down into their machine.
【分层】Some moments after 为时间状语；their faces covered 是「名词 + 过去分词」构成的独立主格结构，作伴随状语，相当于 with their faces covered；appeared 与 drew 为并列谓语；句末 incredible machine 与前文 a human construction 呼应，谜底到此才由「我」说出。
【翻译】过了一会儿，八个壮汉蒙着脸，悄无声息地出现，把我们拖进了他们那台不可思议的机器里。
【考点】独立主格（n. + done）+ 并列谓语 + 副词 noiselessly 的位置；这是全文最后一句，用「无声」收束，悬念反而最大。
六、语法点清单（从句与非谓语）
一、从句
1. 结果状语：so violent that I have no clear recollection...；委婉条件：If master would be so good as to hold onto...
2. as if 表语从句：It seemed to me as if a cry answered him；it seemed as if it was made of metal plates。此处用陈述语气，因为「确有其事」的可能性很大，不用虚拟语气。
3. 让步倒装：incredible though it may be（= though it may be incredible，形容词提前的倒装）。
4. 定语从句：a face which I immediately recognised；The black back that supported me；people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu（同类结构）；the night when...。
二、非谓语
1. 过去分词作宾补：I felt myself quickly drawn up；I saw a black mass disappearing（现在分词，对比记忆）。
2. 现在分词作状语：swimming towards the boat in desperation；lying in bed helplessly（find + 宾语 + doing，见《最后一片叶子》）。
3. 独立主格：their faces covered；my eyes closed, unconscious。
4. 动名词被动：struggled against being drawn deeper；being in my master's service。
5. 不定式：to be a model / in order to qualify to work in another field（同册其他课）；to fetch her neighbour。
三、被动语态
was called the 'Father of Science Fiction' / was announced / was thrown into the sea / be drawn up / had not entered its skin / was made of steel / One iron plate was moved。凡尔纳节选里被动极多，因为叙述者始终在「被作用」，正好凸显人在未知面前的被动。
四、时态与叙事语法
1. 一般过去时叙事 + 过去完成时回溯：In 40 years he had never produced...；my weapon had not entered its skin；They couldn't imagine where he had been。
2. 引语倒装：said I / answered Conseil / replied the Canadian（文学叙事的旧式语序）。
3. 第一人称限知视角：所有判断都带 seem / evidently / I know not why / incredible though it may be 等不确定标记，读者只能跟着「我」一步步推理。
七、逻辑链
① 事实档案：先以 Fact File 交代凡尔纳是「科幻小说之父」及三部代表作，为节选定位文体——科幻小说。
② 失事：撞击猛烈到记不清如何落水；夜色中船影东去，「我被丢下了」，视角被压缩到第一人称的极小范围。
③ 第一次获救：绝望呼救、下沉之际被拉出水面——是康塞尔。简短对白揭示他并非被撞落，而是「为服侍先生主动跟着跳下来」，人物性格一笔立住。
④ 力竭与推让：凌晨一点，我让他放手，他答「要沉也是我先沉」；处境越糟，忠诚越亮。
⑤ 第二次下沉：康塞尔呼救，似有人回应；我第一次想到那头「奇怪可怕的动物」，却力尽沉没——悬念升到顶点。
⑥ 第二次获救与揭谜起点：撞到硬物、被拉出水面，认出加拿大人奈德；他说落在「小岛」上，更准确说是「大鲸」上，且武器被弹开。
⑦ 亲手验证：爬上去踢一脚——坚硬、光滑、发出金属声、像铁板拼成；「这个怪物是人造的」，认知从「动物」翻转为「潜水船」。
⑧ 被带入未知：长夜过去，天亮，铁板掀开、怪叫一声的人、八个蒙面壮汉无声出现，把我们拖进机器。
⑨ 叙事机制：全篇用限知视角 + 感官证据（看不见、摸到、听见、踢到）层层推理，读者与「我」同步完成「怪物 → 钢铁 → 潜水艇」的判断；这正是科幻悬念的写法，也是本课最值得迁移的结构。
八、写作迁移（仿写与输出）
仿写模板（限知视角推理）：At first I thought it was ... Then I noticed ... It seemed as if ... Only when I ... did I realise that it was ...
示范：At first I thought the tapping was a branch against the window. Then I noticed it came in threes, always at 2:10 a.m. It seemed as if someone was answering a code. Only when I found the old radio still warm did I realise that it was not the wind at all.
可迁移句式：① so + adj. + that ... ② It seemed as if ...（陈述语气）③ feel + 宾语 + 过去分词 ④ 独立主格（n. + done）⑤ incredible though it may be（让步倒装）⑥ 引语倒装 said I / replied he。
输出任务：以「我发现它不是……」为题写 120 词，要求：1 个 so...that、1 个 as if 表语从句、1 个过去分词作宾补、1 处独立主格；并把「证据出现的顺序」写成 3 个短句，体会悬念如何靠信息差递进。
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