这是一份专为高考英语提分打造的阅读理解词汇突破资料。它系统梳理了2017–2026年全国卷及新高考卷中说明文真题,提炼出两大核心板块:高频词板块精选约100个学术说明文“题眼”词汇(如research, impact, analyze, sustainable等),每个词条均配有真题原句、精准释义与参考译文,帮助考生在真实语境中掌握词汇的考法与搭配。熟词生义板块聚焦约50组高考命题人最爱的“陷阱词”(如address处理、cover涵盖、yield产生等),通过常见义与生义的对比及真题例句,解决“单词都认识却读不懂”的困境。所有内容拒绝死记硬背,直击阅读瓶颈,适合查漏补缺,也适合教师作为课堂讲义。配合真题练习使用,效果更佳。文末可下载此文word版及真题专题原文。
高频词
research 研究
原句:Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap.(2025·全国一卷)
译文:现在,新的研究表明,一种简单、廉价的方法可以显著减少自来水中的微塑料含量。
study 研究;研究项目
原句:The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:由哥伦比亚气候学院及其他机构的科学家开展的这项研究发现,如果纽约市在新植树时沿用过去的树种模式,曼哈顿未来几十年的异戊二烯产量将增加约140%。
suggest 表明;暗示
原句:Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap.(2025·全国一卷)
译文:现在,新的研究表明,一种简单、廉价的方法可以显著减少自来水中的微塑料含量。
significantly 显著地
原句:Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap.(2025·全国一卷)
译文:现在,新的研究表明,一种简单、廉价的方法可以显著减少自来水中的微塑料含量。
reduce 减少;降低
原句:Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap.(2025·全国一卷)
译文:现在,新的研究表明,一种简单、廉价的方法可以显著减少自来水中的微塑料含量。
measure 措施;方法
原句:Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap.(2025·全国一卷)
译文:现在,新的研究表明,一种简单、廉价的方法可以显著减少自来水中的微塑料含量。
level 水平;程度;含量
原句:Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap.(2025·全国一卷)
译文:现在,新的研究表明,一种简单、廉价的方法可以显著减少自来水中的微塑料含量。
effect 影响;效果
原句:A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:一个剑桥心理学家团队进行了一项实验,比较仅仅观看艺术与主动评判艺术之美所带来的认知影响。
affect 影响
原句:What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums?(2026·全国一卷)
译文:这项新研究对橡树和枫香树暗示了什么?
increase 增加;提高
原句:Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:在所有参与者中,美感组的抽象思维平均得分比对照组高出近14%。
decrease 减少;下降
原句:Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone in our body.(2025·全国二卷)
译文:植物可以通过几种方式改善我们的心理状态,但最大的方式是降低我们体内皮质醇(一种压力激素)的水平。
improve 改善;提高
原句:Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone in our body.(2025·全国二卷)
译文:植物可以通过几种方式改善我们的心理状态,但最大的方式是降低我们体内皮质醇(一种压力激素)的水平。
benefit 益处;好处
原句:If you're among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don't beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn't make it.(2025·全国二卷)
译文:如果你属于享受周围植物带来的身心健康益处的人群,那么如果有一盆(或几盆)植物没养活,也不要自责。
cause 导致;原因
原句:What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?(2021·全国一卷)
译文:北美水禽数量下降的一个原因是什么?
result 结果;导致
原句:The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.(2017·全国三卷)
译文:结果是,人们在真正需要之前就停止了驾驶。
conclude 得出结论
原句:A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:该部门的一些研究人员几年前进行的一项研究得出结论:城市树木确实会释放异戊二烯。
finding 发现;研究结果
原句:The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.(2023·全国一卷)
译文:这项研究的关键发现是,当人群被进一步分成允许讨论的小组时,这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。
evidence 证据
原句:What is paragraph 5 mainly about? Supporting evidence for the research results.(2023·全国一卷)
译文:第5段主要讲什么?支持研究结果的证据。
data 数据
原句:Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.(2024·全国一卷)
译文:Daru及其团队利用一个包含19亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类和动物记录的全球数据集,检验了这些数据在多大程度上能代表实际的全球生物多样性模式。
analyze 分析
原句:A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick.(2021·全国二卷)
译文:计算机系统将分析视频,以判断奶牛是否生病。
determine 决定;确定
原句:A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick.(2021·全国二卷)
译文:计算机系统将分析视频,以判断奶牛是否生病。
compare 比较
原句:A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:一个剑桥心理学家团队进行了一项实验,比较仅仅观看艺术与主动评判艺术之美所带来的认知影响。
conduct 进行;实施
原句:A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:一个剑桥心理学家团队进行了一项实验,比较仅仅观看艺术与主动评判艺术之美所带来的认知影响。
experiment 实验
原句:A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:一个剑桥心理学家团队进行了一项实验,比较仅仅观看艺术与主动评判艺术之美所带来的认知影响。
participant 参与者
原句:Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:在所有参与者中,美感组的抽象思维平均得分比对照组高出近14%。
average 平均的;平均数
原句:Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:在所有参与者中,美感组的抽象思维平均得分比对照组高出近14%。
process 过程;处理
原句:All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it's in a more practical or abstract way.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:随后所有参与者都接受了测试,考察他们如何处理信息,以及处理方式更偏向实用还是抽象。
abstract 抽象的
原句:All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it's in a more practical or abstract way.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:随后所有参与者都接受了测试,考察他们如何处理信息,以及处理方式更偏向实用还是抽象。
practical 实际的;实用的
原句:She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative.(2024·全国二卷)
译文:她从商务人士的实用角度而非学术角度写作,因而写成了一本非常易懂且信息丰富的指南。
theory 理论
原句:Reading researchers have proposed a theory called "shallowing hypothesis."(2024·全国一卷)
译文:阅读研究者提出了一个名为“变浅假说”的理论。
hypothesis 假说;假设
原句:According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(2024·全国一卷)
译文:根据这一理论,人们以适合社交媒体的心态对待数字文本,而社交媒体通常不那么严肃,因此人们投入的脑力比阅读纸质文本时更少。
assume 假定;认为
原句:What does the shallowing hypothesis assume?(2024·全国一卷)
译文:变浅假说假定什么?
indicate 表明;指出
原句:This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains.(2019·全国三卷)
译文:这表明数量在它们大脑中有某种特定的表征方式。
reveal 揭示;显示
原句:Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage.(2024·全国一卷)
译文:他们的研究揭示,大量仅靠观察获得的记录并没有带来更好的全球覆盖。
confirm 证实;确认
原句:A large amount of research confirms this finding.(2024·全国一卷)
译文:大量研究证实了这一发现。
potential 潜在的;潜力
原句:Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that's becoming increasingly difficult.(2025·全国一卷)
译文:尽管如此,这些发现仍为减少微塑料暴露展示了一条潜在的前进道路——而这一任务正变得越来越困难。
challenge 挑战
原句:The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named "DriveLAB" in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.(2017·全国三卷)
译文:纽卡斯尔大学的智能交通团队将一辆电动汽车改造成名为“DriveLAB”的移动实验室,以了解老年司机面临的挑战,并发现关键的压力点所在。
solution 解决方案
原句:For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution.(2019·全国二卷)
译文:在过去两年里,戈登的学生一直在研究在零重力下杀死细菌的方法,他们认为自己已经接近解决方案。
approach 方法;接近
原句:According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(2024·全国一卷)
译文:根据这一理论,人们以适合社交媒体的心态对待数字文本,而社交媒体通常不那么严肃,因此人们投入的脑力比阅读纸质文本时更少。
factor 因素
原句:The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.(2024·全国一卷)
译文:原因涉及多种因素,包括注意力下降、娱乐心态以及在消费数字内容时倾向于多任务处理。
variety 多样性;种类
原句:The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.(2024·全国一卷)
译文:原因涉及多种因素,包括注意力下降、娱乐心态以及在消费数字内容时倾向于多任务处理。
species 物种
原句:The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:由哥伦比亚气候学院及其他机构的科学家开展的这项研究发现,如果纽约市在新植树时沿用过去的树种模式,曼哈顿未来几十年的异戊二烯产量将增加约140%。
environment 环境
原句:Urban Sprouts' classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden.(2023·全国二卷)
译文:Urban Sprouts在两个初中和两个高中开设的课程包括动手实验,如土壤检测、花和种子解剖、新鲜或干燥农产品品尝以及花园劳动。
environmental 环境的
原句:The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(2023·全国二卷)
译文:该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环境意识和健康生活方式。
energy 能源;能量
原句:Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe's difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market.(2026·全国二卷)
译文:巴塞罗那整合了一套清洁能源技术,帮助公共交通更加绿色环保,同时为应对气候变化和助力欧洲艰难转向私有机动车市场尽自己的一份力。
technology 技术
原句:Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe's difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market.(2026·全国二卷)
译文:巴塞罗那整合了一套清洁能源技术,帮助公共交通更加绿色环保,同时为应对气候变化和助力欧洲艰难转向私有机动车市场尽自己的一份力。
develop 开发;发展
原句:In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime.(2020·全国一卷)
译文:未来,该团队希望开发出这种技术的一个版本,可以通过一次性处理喷洒到植物叶片上,并持续植物的一生。
development 发展;开发
原句:Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated.(2023·全国二卷)
译文:通信技术的持续发展曾被认为会使印刷页面过时。
impact 影响
原句:Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact on college admissions and practical life skills.(2019·全国二卷)
译文:戈登说,HUNCH项目对大学录取和实际生活技能有影响。
influence 影响
原句:Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:然而重要的是,美感组并未报告比对照组感到更快乐,这表明影响抽象思维的是对美的投入,而不是体验带来的整体积极情绪。
promote 促进;推广
原句:What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn? To promote guilt-free fur.(2020·全国二卷)
译文:新奥尔良和布鲁克林时装秀的目的是什么?推广“无罪”皮草。
encourage 鼓励
原句:To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.(2024·全国一卷)
译文:为了提高观察数据的质量,生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认其上传图像的鉴定结果。
require 需要;要求
原句:The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.(2024·全国二卷)
译文:这一创新设计几乎不需要费力,就能实现每周可靠的新鲜绿叶菜供应。
provide 提供
原句:They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:它们提供阴凉、降低地表温度、吸收数量惊人的空气中的碳、清除微小污染物,并提供野生动物栖息地,还有纯粹的美感。
offer 提供
原句:The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses.(2020·全国三卷)
译文:这种键盘可以通过分析用户敲击的力度和按键之间的时间间隔等因素,提供一层强大的安全保障。
support 支持
原句:What is paragraph 5 mainly about? Supporting evidence for the research results.(2023·全国一卷)
译文:第5段主要讲什么?支持研究结果的证据。
apply 应用;申请
原句:These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to — regardless of whether someone gets the password right.(2020·全国三卷)
译文:这些模式对每个人来说都是独一无二的。因此,这种键盘可以确定人们的身份,并进而判断是否应允许他们访问与之连接的电脑——无论某人是否输入了正确的密码。
application 应用;应用程序
原句:With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application.(2024·全国一卷)
译文:随着技术的发展,人们借助移动应用程序很容易对不同的物种进行观察。
available 可获得的;可用的
原句:Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print.(2024·全国一卷)
译文:数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用,尤其是在提供印刷品无法获得的资源时。
accessible 可获得的;易理解的
原句:She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative.(2024·全国二卷)
译文:她从商务人士的实用角度而非学术角度写作,因而写成了一本非常易懂且信息丰富的指南。
essential 必要的;本质的
原句:She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.(2024·全国二卷)
译文:她说,我们必须保持对人工智能的控制,否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险。
significant 重要的;显著的
原句:Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for differences in parents' income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.(2020·全国二卷)
译文:莱文说,在控制了父母收入、教育程度和亲子交谈量方面的差异后,研究发现拼图游戏是认知能力的一个重要预测因素。
crucial 关键的
原句:In this book I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level.(2026·全国二卷)
译文:在本书中,我考察了平均海平面历史上的三个关键阶段。
major 主要的
原句:Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone — a major factor in many breathing problems.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:异戊二烯本身无害,但它会与车辆、建筑和工业排放的污染性氮氧化物迅速相互作用,形成地面臭氧——这是许多呼吸问题的主要因素。
main 主要的
原句:What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?(2018·全国三卷)
译文:许多人离开道森的主要原因是什么?
mainly 主要地
原句:What is paragraph 3 mainly about?(2026·全国二卷)
译文:第3段主要讲什么?
purpose 目的
原句:What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?(2017·全国三卷)
译文:DriveLAB的目的是什么?
aim 目的;旨在
原句:The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.(2023·全国一卷)
译文:本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护,包括详细探讨它要求什么以及为什么有效,然后教你如果你认为它适合你,如何采纳这种理念。
target 目标;针对
原句:Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?(2019·全国三卷)
译文:新潮流报纸的目标读者是谁?
focus 集中;焦点
原句:The research team focused on a large urban park.(2023·全国二卷)
译文:研究团队聚焦于一座大型城市公园。
attitude 态度
原句:What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies?(2023·全国一卷)
译文:作者对Navajas的研究持什么态度?
opinion 观点
原句:What can we infer about Moran's opinion on jazz?(2017·全国一卷)
译文:关于Moran对爵士乐的看法,我们可以推断出什么?
view 观点;看法
原句:This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.(2023·全国一卷)
译文:这项研究推翻了这样一种流行观点:所有人类语音在人类约30万年前进化时就已存在。
point 观点;要点
原句:Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI — the technology companies and world leaders — so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it.(2024·全国二卷)
译文:坎贝尔的要点是唤醒那些对人工智能负责的人——科技公司和世界各国领导人——使他们与目前所有开发人工智能的专家达成共识。
argue 论证;主张
原句:Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.(2018·全国一卷)
译文:一些语言专家认为,一万年前,当世界只有五百万到一千万人时,他们之间可能讲着大约1.2万种语言。
explain 解释
原句:Phil Blythe explains: "For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others."(2017·全国三卷)
译文:菲尔·布莱斯解释说:“对许多老年人,尤其是独居或住在乡村的人来说,驾驶对于保持独立很重要,它让他们可以自由外出活动,而不必依赖他人。”
describe 描述
原句:What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?(2023·全国二卷)
译文:作者在文章开头描述了什么现象?
mention 提到
原句:What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4?(2025·全国一卷)
译文:作者在第4段提到瓶装水试图说明什么?
illustrate 说明;阐明
原句:What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4?(2025·全国一卷)
译文:作者在第4段提到瓶装水试图说明什么?
imply 暗示
原句:What does the author imply in the last paragraph?(2024·全国一卷)
译文:作者在最后一段暗示了什么?
infer 推断
原句:What can be inferred about the author's early life?(2025·全国二卷)
译文:关于作者早年生活可以推断出什么?
mean 意味着;意思是
原句:What does the underlined phrase "shine through" in paragraph 2 mean?(2024·全国一卷)
译文:第2段画线短语“shine through”是什么意思?
refer to 指的是
原句:What does the underlined word "it" refer to in the last paragraph?(2026·全国二卷)
译文:最后一段画线单词“it”指的是什么?
probably 可能地
原句:What would Auyeung probably advocate?(2026·全国一卷)
译文:Auyeung可能会提倡什么?
likely 可能的
原句:Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?(2017·全国二卷)
译文:为什么Transition不太可能出现在太多车道上?
possible 可能的
原句:What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?(2020·全国三卷)
译文:是什么使智能键盘的发明成为可能?
necessary 必要的
原句:Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging.(2021·全国二卷)
译文:悉尼大学教授Salah Sukkarieh认为,鉴于养牛人日益老龄化,机器人是必要的。
effective 有效的
原句:And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material?(2024·全国一卷)
译文:在学习相同材料时,听和看内容与阅读书面文字一样有效吗?
efficient 高效的
原句:That, he said, boosts efficiency.(2026·全国二卷)
译文:他说,这提高了效率。
efficiency 效率
原句:That, he said, boosts efficiency.(2026·全国二卷)
译文:他说,这提高了效率。
productivity 生产力;效率
原句:In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.(2020·全国一卷)
译文:在另一项研究中,当工作场所用室内植物装饰时,员工的生产力提高了15%。
performance 表现;性能
原句:What does the author imply in the last paragraph?(2024·全国一卷)
译文:作者在最后一段暗示了什么?
behavior 行为
原句:What does the underlined phrase "keeping tabs on" in paragraph 3 probably mean?(2020·全国三卷)
译文:第3段画线短语“keeping tabs on”可能是什么意思?
condition 条件;状况
原句:In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design?(2022·全国二卷)
译文:在研究设计方面,两组在哪个方面不同?
situation 情况
原句:What is the situation of the cattle-raising industry?(2021·全国二卷)
译文:养牛业的情况如何?
problem 问题
原句:What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry?(2021·全国二卷)
译文:养牛业的一个问题是什么?
issue 问题;议题
原句:The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:公园管理部门并非对这一议题一无所知。
concern 担忧;关注
原句:Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.(2020·全国二卷)
译文:一些父母如果认为任何高科技玩具能帮助孩子,就会购买,但研究人员表示,拼图有助于儿童发展数学相关技能。
concerned 担忧的;关注的
原句:Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.(2020·全国二卷)
译文:路易斯安那州的科学家如此担忧,以至于决定向猎人每只尾巴支付5美元。
awareness 意识
原句:Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.(2025·全国二卷)
译文:每道菜都是为引起人们对食物浪费的关注而量身定制的。
recognize 认识到;认出
原句:Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.(2023·全国二卷)
译文:为每种自然体验命名创造了一种可用的语言,帮助人们认识并参与对他们最有满足感和意义的活动。
realize 意识到
原句:Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read?(2024·全国二卷)
译文:你有没有到火车站后才意识到忘了带点东西读?
identify 识别;确认
原句:To discover their attitudes towards art. To identify their specific thinking patterns.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:为了发现他们对艺术的态度。为了识别他们具体的思维模式。
identity 身份
原句:As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces.(2020·全国三卷)
译文:随着数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍,用于防止他人进入私人电子空间的生物识别技术(如指纹扫描)市场正在增长。
security 安全
原句:The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses.(2020·全国三卷)
译文:这种键盘可以通过分析用户敲击的力度和按键之间的时间间隔等因素,提供一层强大的安全保障。
protect 保护
原句:Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp.(2021·全国一卷)
译文:根据该法案,所有16岁及以上的水禽猎人必须每年购买并携带联邦鸭票。
preserve 保护;保存
原句:As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.(2017·全国一卷)
译文:作为肯尼迪中心的爵士乐艺术顾问,莫兰希望扩大爵士乐的受众,让这种音乐更易接触,并保护其历史和文化。
conservation 保护
原句:What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn? Environmental conservation.(2023·全国二卷)
译文:根据卡恩的说法,在我们能与自然互动之前应该做什么?环境保护。
sustainable 可持续的
原句:The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle.(2023·全国一卷)
译文:本书第二部分更仔细地探讨了一些有助于你培养可持续数字极简生活方式的观点。
sustainability 可持续性
原句:Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.(2025·全国二卷)
译文:尽管如此,它提醒我们,解决可持续性问题有许多方法,而且几乎任何东西都能做成一顿美餐。
global 全球的
原句:Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage.(2024·全国一卷)
译文:他们的研究揭示,大量仅靠观察获得的记录并没有带来更好的全球覆盖。
local 当地的;局部的
原句:Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders.(2024·全国二卷)
译文:特罗斯特还想把当地作家介绍给当地乘客。
native 本地的;原生的
原句:Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:她指出,橡树是基石物种,为本地昆虫、鸟类和其他动物提供食物和栖息地。
habitat 栖息地
原句:Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:她指出,橡树是基石物种,为本地昆虫、鸟类和其他动物提供食物和栖息地。
population 人口;种群
原句:By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.(2017·全国三卷)
译文:到去年,黄石狼的数量已增长到170多只。
decline 下降;衰退
原句:What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?(2021·全国一卷)
译文:北美水禽数量下降的一个原因是什么?
extinction 灭绝
原句:Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction, with only a few elderly speakers left.(2018·全国一卷)
译文:在总共6800种语言中,已有远超过400种濒临灭绝,只剩下少数年长的使用者。
survival 生存
原句:Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.(2021·全国一卷)
译文:猎人们心甘情愿支付鸭票价格,以确保我们自然资源的生存。
evolve 进化
原句:This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.(2023·全国一卷)
译文:这项研究推翻了这样一种流行观点:所有人类语音在人类约30万年前进化时就已存在。
evolution 进化;演变
原句:The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution.(2023·全国一卷)
译文:我们所使用的语音集合自人类出现以来未必一直保持稳定,相反,我们今天发现的巨大语音多样性是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。
adapt 适应
原句:People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes.(2020·全国三卷)
译文:埃塞俄比亚高地的人们已经适应了在高海拔地区生活。
adjust 调整
原句:What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about? Damage to local ecology.(2017·全国三卷)
译文:灰狼的消失带来了什么?对当地生态的破坏。
maintain 维持;保持
原句:The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:由哥伦比亚气候学院及其他机构的科学家开展的这项研究发现,如果纽约市在新植树时沿用过去的树种模式,曼哈顿未来几十年的异戊二烯产量将增加约140%。
remain 保持;仍然是
原句:In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s.(2022·全国二卷)
译文:对大多数人来说,最初的迹象出现在50多岁或60岁出头。
exist 存在
原句:What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums?(2026·全国一卷)
译文:这项新研究对橡树和枫香树暗示了什么?
occur 发生
原句:What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums?(2026·全国一卷)
译文:这项新研究对橡树和枫香树暗示了什么?
produce 产生;生产
原句:Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city's trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:目前占该市树木大多数的橡树和枫香树会产生大量一种名为异戊二烯的化学物质。
release 释放
原句:Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:异戊二烯本身无害,但它会与车辆、建筑和工业排放的污染性氮氧化物迅速相互作用,形成地面臭氧。
absorb 吸收
原句:They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:它们提供阴凉、降低地表温度、吸收数量惊人的空气中的碳、清除微小污染物,并提供野生动物栖息地,还有纯粹的美感。
remove 去除
原句:They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:它们提供阴凉、降低地表温度、吸收数量惊人的空气中的碳、清除微小污染物,并提供野生动物栖息地,还有纯粹的美感。
熟词生义
address 常见义:地址
生义:处理;应对(问题)
原句:This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution.(2024·全国二卷)
译文:卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔这本引人入胜的新书,是一份应对即将到来的人工智能革命所带来挑战的实用路线图。
capitalize 常见义:资本化;大写
生义:利用(on)
原句:This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same.(2023·全国一卷)
译文:这种效应利用了一个事实:当人们犯错时,这些错误并不总是一样的。
code 常见义:代码
生义:编码;归类
原句:The researchers then examined these submissions, coding experiences into different categories.(2023·全国二卷)
译文:研究人员随后审查了这些提交内容,将体验编码归入不同类别。
condition 常见义:条件;状况
生义:使适应;训练(conditioned athletes 训练有素的运动员)
原句:Race walkers are conditioned athletes.(2020·全国一卷)
译文:竞走运动员是经过训练的运动员。
consume 常见义:消费;消耗
生义:(大量)吃;喝;摄取
原句:These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation, which reduced plant diversity in the park.(2017·全国三卷)
译文:这些动物吃掉大量植被,减少了公园的植物多样性。
cover 常见义:覆盖
生义:涵盖;涉及;报道
原句:Are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material?(2024·全国一卷)
译文:在学习相同材料时,听和看内容与阅读书面文字一样有效吗?
decimate 常见义:(不常用)
生义:大量毁灭;使大批死亡
原句:Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.(2021·全国一卷)
译文:不幸的是,探险者及其后的定居者只花了几十年,就毁灭了这些资源的很大一部分。
declutter 常见义:(不常用)
生义:清理(多余物品);精简
原句:Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter.(2023·全国一卷)
译文:第一部分最后介绍了我建议的采纳这一理念的方法:数字清理。
displace 常见义:取代
生义:迫使离开;驱逐
原句:Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development.(2017·全国三卷)
译文:灰狼曾遍布黄石地区和美国大陆大部分地区,但它们逐渐被人类发展所驱逐。
draw 常见义:画画;拉
生义:得出(结论);吸引
原句:In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.(2023·全国一卷)
译文:在这样做的过程中,我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验,当时有1600多人同意进行数字清理。
drive 常见义:驾驶
生义:驱动;推动(drive away 赶走)
原句:The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park's red foxes, and completely drove away the park's beavers.(2017·全国三卷)
译文:郊狼杀死了公园里很大比例的红狐,并彻底赶走了公园里的海狸。
feed 常见义:喂养
生义:为……提供(feed into 投入;输入)
原句:If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit.(2018·全国二卷)
译文:如果你有榨汁机,只需放入冷冻香蕉和一些浆果或切片水果即可。
figure 常见义:数字;人物
生义:认为;判断(figure out 弄清楚)
原句:When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn't cross your mind.(2020·全国二卷)
译文:当你试图为节日名单上的环保主义者想买什么时,皮草可能根本没在你脑中闪过。
fire 常见义:火;开火
生义:激发;激励
原句:Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.(2023·全国二卷)
译文:一些学生对园艺如此感兴趣,以至于把种子带回家开辟自己的菜园。
foster 常见义:抚养
生义:促进;培养
原句:So I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.(2017·全国一卷)
译文:所以我想继续这些对话。这些是我想要促进的东西。
green 常见义:绿色的
生义:环保的;绿色的
原句:He says it's not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.(2020·全国二卷)
译文:他说,要让人相信海狸鼠皮草是环保的并不容易,但他对此毫不怀疑。
harvest 常见义:收获
生义:采集;收获(动词)
原句:After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod to get the next growth cycle started.(2024·全国二卷)
译文:收获后,用户只需用新的预播种容器替换植物,即可开始下一个生长周期。
host 常见义:主人;主持
生义:容纳;主办
原句:BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school.(2024·全国二卷)
译文:BMF是一个室内花园系统。它可以为一个家庭设置。此外,它还可以服务于更大的受众,如医院、餐馆或学校。
house 常见义:房子
生义:容纳;收藏
原句:They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:它们提供阴凉、降低地表温度、吸收数量惊人的空气中的碳、清除微小污染物,并提供野生动物栖息地,还有纯粹的美感。
land 常见义:土地
生义:获得;落到
原句:Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.(2020·全国二卷)
译文:一些皮草最终出现在像上个月布鲁克林那样的时装秀上。
last 常见义:最后的
生义:持续
原句:Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.(2018·全国二卷)
译文:冷冻香蕉可以保存数周,取决于其成熟度和冷冻室的温度。
mean 常见义:意思是
生义:意味着;打算
原句:It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.(2019·全国三卷)
译文:它指任何便宜的报纸;也许更重要的是,它指可以在街上单份购买的报纸。
mine 常见义:我的;矿
生义:开采;挖掘
原句:Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich.(2018·全国三卷)
译文:在最初两万名淘金者中,有4000人致富。
monitor 常见义:班长;显示器
生义:监测;监控
原句:By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored.(2024·全国二卷)
译文:通过云连接,BMF被远程监控。
pound 常见义:磅;英镑
生义:猛击;砰砰敲打
原句:However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says.(2020·全国一卷)
译文:然而,诺伯格博士说,竞走对身体造成的冲击不像跑步那样大。
pump 常见义:泵
生义:输送;涌出
原句:What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.(2017·全国二卷)
译文:植物通过空气输送的是一种化学混合物,称为挥发性有机化合物,简称VOCs。
race 常见义:比赛;种族
生义:竞相;争相
原句:In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.(2024·全国一卷)
译文:在物种灭绝前记录地球物种的竞赛中,研究人员和公民科学家已经收集了数十亿条记录。
raise 常见义:举起;提高
生义:提出;引起;抚养
原句:Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.(2025·全国二卷)
译文:每道菜都是为引起人们对食物浪费的关注而量身定制的。
reflect 常见义:反射;反映
生义:反思;思考
原句:"I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week," he said.(2019·全国二卷)
译文:“我反思自己的一天过得怎样,并思考接下来一周的安排,”他说。
reserve 常见义:预订;保留
生义:保护区
原句:98 percent of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System.(2021·全国一卷)
译文:每1美元鸭票中有98美分直接进入候鸟保护基金,用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地,纳入国家野生动物保护区系统。
run 常见义:跑
生义:经营;管理
原句:Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana.(2020·全国二卷)
译文:生物学家埃德蒙·穆顿负责路易斯安那州的海狸鼠控制项目。
score 常见义:分数
生义:得分;取得(成绩)
原句:Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking.(2026·全国一卷)
译文:在所有参与者中,美感组的抽象思维平均得分比对照组高出近14%。
screen 常见义:屏幕
生义:筛查;筛选
原句:In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens.(2019·全国三卷)
译文:在笼子里,猴子们配备了触摸屏。
serve 常见义:服务
生义:起作用;充当
原句:Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability.(2025·全国二卷)
译文:尽管如此,它提醒我们,解决可持续性问题有许多方法。
settle 常见义:解决
生义:定居;安顿
原句:Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.(2018·全国一卷)
译文:不久之后,这些人中的许多人开始定居下来成为农民,他们的语言也变得更加稳定,数量也更少。
shape 常见义:形状
生义:塑造;影响
原句:The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture of grass.(2021·全国二卷)
译文:将通过监测草的形状、颜色和质地来追踪草地质量。
share 常见义:分享
生义:共有;具有
原句:Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.(2020·全国一卷)
译文:研究表明,竞走与跑步有许多相同的健身益处,同时很可能造成的伤害更少。
sound 常见义:声音;听起来
生义:健全的;合理的
原句:Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.(2023·全国二卷)
译文:翻土、拔草和收卷心菜对中学生来说听起来像是艰苦的工作。
spare 常见义:备用的;抽出
生义:饶恕;使免受
原句:What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader?(2023·全国二卷)
译文:作者提到电子阅读器想说什么?
stand 常见义:站立
生义:忍受;经受
原句:C. They were unable to stand the winter.(2018·全国三卷)
译文:他们无法忍受冬天。
still 常见义:仍然
生义:静止的;不动的
原句:When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn't sit quietly.(2017·全国二卷)
译文:当一株多叶植物受到攻击时,它不会安静地坐着。
store 常见义:商店
生义:储存
原句:However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.(2024·全国二卷)
译文:然而,商店里的大多数农产品在到达餐桌前经历了数周的运输,行程数百英里。
stress 常见义:压力
生义:强调
原句:The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named "DriveLAB" in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.(2017·全国三卷)
译文:纽卡斯尔大学的智能交通团队将一辆电动汽车改造成名为“DriveLAB”的移动实验室,以了解老年司机面临的挑战,并发现关键的压力点所在。
subject 常见义:科目;主题
生义:易受……影响的;使遭受
原句:Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect, wealth or faith of the subject.(2023·全国二卷)
译文:书籍本身在绘画中可能被象征性地用来展示画中人物的才智、财富或信仰。
tap 常见义:轻敲
生义:开发;利用
原句:A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.(2019·全国二卷)
译文:午间逃离让她能避免老板拍她的肩膀。
tend 常见义:倾向于
生义:照料;照管
原句:Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning.(2025·全国二卷)
译文:照料植物是一种耐心和学习的锻炼。
term 常见义:学期;术语
生义:把……称为
原句:The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper"—a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.(2019·全国三卷)
译文:当时的趋势是走向“便士报”——这一术语指的是向公众广泛提供的报纸。
tip 常见义:小费;尖端
生义:使倾斜;倾倒
原句:C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants(2025·全国二卷)
译文:选择室内植物的建议。
train 常见义:火车
生义:训练;培养
原句:A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward.(2019·全国三卷)
译文:一个研究团队训练三只恒河猴,将26个由数字和选择性字母组成的明显不同符号与0—25滴水或果汁作为奖励联系起来。
treat 常见义:对待;治疗
生义:处理;款待
原句:In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime.(2020·全国一卷)
译文:未来,该团队希望开发出这种技术的一个版本,可以通过一次性处理喷洒到植物叶片上,并持续植物的一生。
volume 常见义:音量;体积
生义:书;卷
原句:Adults are portrayed alone in many settings and poses — absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.(2023·全国二卷)
译文:成年人在许多场景和姿势中被描绘成独自一人——沉浸在一本书中,陷入深思,或沉浸在闲暇时刻。
wander 常见义:漫步
生义:走神;思绪游移
原句:"It's becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that's when we think in..."(2026·全国一卷)
译文:“放空自己、让思绪游移变得越来越少见,但正是在那时我们进行思考……”
waste 常见义:浪费
生义:废物;垃圾
原句:A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue.(2025·全国二卷)
译文:食物浪费联盟的一项研究确定,普通餐馆每1000美元收入产生33磅食物浪费。
weight 常见义:重量
生义:使加权;压住
原句:Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet's center down with a rock.(2017·全国三卷)
译文:接下来,用塑料布覆盖洞口,用泥土固定塑料边缘,并用石头压住塑料布中心。
wild 常见义:野生的
生义:荒凉的;未开发的
原句:If you're lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.(2023·全国二卷)
译文:如果你幸运的话,住所附近可能有个袖珍公园,但在城市里找到相对原始的地方并不常见。
yield 常见义:产量
生义:产生;出产
原句:The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(2023·全国二卷)
译文:该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环境意识和健康生活方式。
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