Developing ideas 课文精读 · 男孩的挚友
一、课文原文及逐段翻译
第1段
Mr Anderson said, "Where's Jimmy, dear?" "Out on the crater," said Mrs Anderson. "Robutt is with him. Did he arrive?" "Yes. He's at the rocket station, going through the tests. I haven't really seen one since I left Earth 15 years ago."
安德森先生问："亲爱的，吉米在哪儿？""在外面的环形山上，"安德森太太回答道，"罗布特跟吉米在一起。它到了吗？""是的，在火箭站，正在接受测试。自从15年前我离开地球后，就从没见过真正的狗了。"
第2段
"Jimmy has never seen one," said Mrs Anderson.
"吉米从来没见过狗。"安德森太太说。
第3段
"Because he's Moon-born and can't visit Earth. That's why I'm bringing one here. I think it's the first one ever on the Moon."
"因为吉米是在月球上出生的，他不能去地球。所以我要带过来一只。我觉得这应该是月球上有史以来的第一只狗。"
第4段
Jimmy was out on the crater, as his mother had said. His arms and legs were long and agile. He looked thicker and stubbier with his spacesuit on, but he could handle the lunar gravity as no Earth-born human being could. The outer side of the crater sloped southward and the Earth, which was low in the southern sky, was nearly full, so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit. The slope was a gentle one and even the weight of the spacesuit couldn't keep Jimmy from racing up it in a floating hop that made the gravity seem nonexistent.
正如吉米妈妈所说，他在外面的环形山上。吉米手长脚长，行动灵活。穿着太空服的吉米虽看起来臃肿矮胖了一些，但他能承受月球引力，而在地球出生的人是不能承受这种引力的。环形山外侧向南倾斜，南面天空下方的地球全部显现出来，因此整个环形山山坡明亮了起来。山坡非常平缓，即使吉米穿着厚重的太空服，也不能阻碍他跳着跃向山坡，就好像引力不存在一样。
第5段
"Come on, Robutt," he shouted. Robutt, who could hear him by radio, squeaked and bounded after.
"快过来，罗布特。"他大喊。靠电波辨认声音的罗布特发出叫声，跳着跑向吉米。
第6段
Jimmy, expert though he was, couldn't outrace Robutt, who didn't need a spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons of steel. Jimmy couldn't go wrong while Robutt was around, tripping him when he was too near a rock, or jumping on him to show how much he loved him, or circling around and squeaking low and scared when Jimmy hid behind a rock, when all the time Robutt knew well enough where he was.
论速度，吉米虽然是个能手，但他比不过罗布特，因为它有四条腿和钢铁做的肌腱，还不用穿太空服。只要有罗布特相伴，吉米就没有危险。当吉米过于靠近一块岩石，它会扑倒他；罗布特还会扑向他，以表达爱意；当吉米藏在岩石后，罗布特就原地打转，低吼，战战兢兢，不论什么时候，罗布特都对吉米的位置了如指掌。
第7段
He heard his father's voice on his private wavelength. "Jimmy, come back. I have something to tell you."
吉米通过自己的专属波长接收到了爸爸的声音："吉米，回来一下。我有事情要和你说。"
第8段
Mr Anderson was smiling. "We have something for you, Jimmy. It's at the rocket station now, but we'll have it tomorrow after all the tests are over."
安德森先生面带微笑："吉米，我们有东西要给你，它现在就在火箭站，但是要等到明天所有测试结束后，我们才能接到它。"
第9段
"From Earth, Dad?"
"是从地球来的吗，爸爸？"
第10段
"A dog from Earth, son. The first dog on the Moon. You won't need Robutt any more. We can't keep them both, and some other boy or girl will have Robutt." He seemed to be waiting for Jimmy to say something, then he said, "You know what a dog is, Jimmy. It's the real thing. Robutt's only a mechanical imitation, a robot-mutt. That's how he got his name."
"是从地球来的小狗，儿子，是月球上的第一只狗。你将不再需要罗布特了。我们不能同时要两只，其他的孩子会收养罗布特。"他好像在等吉米说点什么，接着又说，"你会知道什么才是真正的狗，吉米。狗是有生命的。罗布特仅仅是机械仿制品，是一只机器狗罢了。所以它才叫罗布特。"
第11段
Jimmy frowned. "Robutt isn't an imitation, Dad."
吉米皱皱眉头："爸爸，罗布特不是仿制品。"
第12段
"Robutt's just steel and wiring and a simple positronic brain."
"罗布特只是用钢铁和电线制造的，只有一个简单的正电子大脑。"
第13段
"He does everything I want him to do, Dad. He understands me."
"爸爸，我想让它做什么，它都能做到，它懂我。"
第14段
"No, son. Robutt is just a machine. It's just programmed to act the way it does. A dog is alive. You'll see the difference once he gets here."
"不是这样的，儿子。罗布特只是一个机器。它的反应只不过是按照编好的程序去做而已。真正的狗是有生命的。等小狗来了，你就会明白二者的不同之处了。"
第15段
Jimmy looked at Robutt, who was squeaking again, a very low, slow squeak that seemed frightened. Jimmy held out his arms and Robutt was in them in one bound.
吉米看着又在吼叫的罗布特，它的叫声非常低沉缓慢，好像受到了惊吓。吉米伸出双臂，罗布特一跃跳了上去。
第16段
Jimmy said, "What will the difference be between Robutt and the dog?"
吉米问："那罗布特和真正的小狗有什么不一样呢？"
第17段
"It's hard to explain," said Mr Anderson, "but it will be easy to see. The dog will really love you. Robutt is just adjusted to act as though it loves you."
"这很难解释，"安德森先生说，"但用眼睛看的话，会很容易。小狗会真的爱你，而罗布特只是设定好，假装很爱你。"
第18段
"But, Dad, we don't know what's inside the dog, or what his feelings are. Maybe it's just acting, too."
"但是，爸爸，我们并不知道小狗真正想的是什么，它是什么感觉。可能它也只是在假装。"
第19段
Mr Anderson frowned. "Jimmy, you'll know the difference when you experience the love of a living thing."
安德森先生眉头一皱："吉米，如果你体验过一个生命体对你的爱时，你就会明白其中的不同。"
第20段
Jimmy held Robutt tightly. He was frowning too, and the desperate look on his face meant that he wouldn't change his mind. He said, "But what's the difference how they act? How about how I feel? I love Robutt and that's what counts."
吉米紧紧抱着罗布特。他也皱着眉头，脸上的坚定表明他不愿改变心意。他说："那它们在行为上有什么不一样？那我的想法呢？我爱罗布特，我觉得这是最重要的。"
第21段
And the little robot-mutt, which had never been held so tightly in all its existence, squeaked high and rapid squeaks — happy squeaks.
小小的机器狗自出现以来从未被抱得那么紧，它发出尖细且急促的叫声，那是快乐的叫声。
（节选自艾萨克·阿西莫夫的《男孩的挚友》）
二、重点单词
crater n.：环形山；陨石坑。Jimmy was out on the crater
agile adj.：敏捷的；灵活的。His arms and legs were long and agile
stubby adj.：矮胖的；短粗的。He looked thicker and stubbier
lunar adj.：月球的。handle the lunar gravity
slope v. / n.：倾斜；斜坡。The outer side sloped southward
bound v.：跳跃；弹跳。Robutt squeaked and bounded after
tendon n.：肌腱。four legs and tendons of steel
wavelength n.：波长。on his private wavelength
imitation n.：仿制品；模仿。Robutt's only a mechanical imitation
positronic adj.：正电子的。a simple positronic brain
program v.：编写程序；设定。just programmed to act the way it does
desperate adj.：坚定的；不顾一切的。the desperate look on his face
count v.：重要；有价值。that's what counts
三、一词多义与熟词生义
crater 常见义"（火山）口、（爆炸）坑"，课文 out on the crater 中为科幻语境，指月球表面的"环形山"。
expert 常见义"专家（名词）"，课文 Jimmy, expert though he was 中作名词转化用法，意为"行家、能手"，作让步状语中的表语。
bound 常见义"受约束的、必定的"，课文 Robutt bounded after 中取动词义"跳跃、弹跳"，描写机器狗动作。
act 常见义"行动、表演"，课文 programmed to act the way it does / act as though it loves you 中取"（机器按设定）表现、行事"义。
counts 常见义"计数、计算"，课文 that's what counts 中 count 取"重要、有价值"义，是口语高频用法。
real thing 常见短语，课文 It's the real thing 中指"真货、有生命真实存在的东西"，与 imitation（仿制品）相对。
四、重点词块
go through the tests 接受测试
Moon-born 在月球上出生的
handle the lunar gravity 承受月球引力
as no ... could 如同……所不能（强调唯一）
keep sb. from doing 阻止某人做某事
race up 冲上；跃上
by radio 通过电波；用无线电
outrace sb. 比某人跑得快
on one's private wavelength 通过某人的专属波长
a mechanical imitation 机械仿制品
be programmed to 被设定为……
act as though 表现得好像……
change one's mind 改变主意
that's what counts 那才是重要的
五、长难句拆解
【原句 1】He looked thicker and stubbier with his spacesuit on, but he could handle the lunar gravity as no Earth-born human being could.
【主干】He looked thicker and stubbier, but he could handle the lunar gravity.
【分层】with his spacesuit on 为 with 复合结构作状语；as no Earth-born human being could 为 as 引导的比较状语从句（省略 handle the lunar gravity），强调"无人能及"。
【译文】穿着太空服的吉米虽看起来臃肿矮胖了一些，但他能承受月球引力，而在地球出生的人是不能承受这种引力的。
【考点】with 复合结构；as 比较状语从句的省略；并列转折。
【原句 2】The slope was a gentle one and even the weight of the spacesuit couldn't keep Jimmy from racing up it in a floating hop that made the gravity seem nonexistent.
【主干】The slope was a gentle one and the weight couldn't keep Jimmy from racing up it.
【分层】keep Jimmy from racing up it 为 keep sb. from doing 结构；in a floating hop 为方式状语；that made the gravity seem nonexistent 为定语从句修饰 hop，从句中 make + 宾语 + 宾补（seem）。
【译文】山坡非常平缓，即使吉米穿着厚重的太空服，也不能阻碍他跳着跃向山坡，就好像引力不存在一样。
【考点】keep sb. from doing；that 定语从句；make + 宾语 + 宾补。
【原句 3】Jimmy, expert though he was, couldn't outrace Robutt, who didn't need a spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons of steel.
【主干】Jimmy couldn't outrace Robutt.
【分层】expert though he was 为"名词 + though + 主语 + 系动词"的让步倒装结构；who didn't need ... and had ... 为非限制性定语从句修饰 Robutt，and 连接两个谓语。
【译文】论速度，吉米虽然是个能手，但他比不过罗布特，因为它有四条腿和钢铁做的肌腱，还不用穿太空服。
【考点】名词 + though 让步倒装；who 非限制性定语从句；并列谓语。
【原句 4】You'll see the difference once he gets here.
【主干】You'll see the difference.
【分层】once he gets here 为 once 引导的时间状语从句（"一旦……"），从句用一般现在时表将来。
【译文】等小狗来了，你就会明白二者的不同之处了。
【考点】once 时间状语从句；主将从现。
【原句 5】And the little robot-mutt, which had never been held so tightly in all its existence, squeaked high and rapid squeaks — happy squeaks.
【主干】the little robot-mutt squeaked high and rapid squeaks.
【分层】which had never been held ... 为非限制性定语从句修饰 robot-mutt，过去完成时的被动语态；high and rapid 为并列形容词作定语修饰 squeaks；破折号后 happy squeaks 为同位语，补充说明。
【译文】小小的机器狗自出现以来从未被抱得那么紧，它发出尖细且急促的叫声，那是快乐的叫声。
【考点】which 非限制性定语从句（过去完成被动）；并列形容词作定语；同位语。
六、语法点清单
1. 名词 + though 让步倒装
Jimmy, expert though he was, couldn't outrace ...。结构为"名词/形容词 + though + 主语 + 系动词"，表"虽然……"。
2. as 引导比较状语从句（省略）
as no Earth-born human being could (handle ...)。as 表比较，从句常省略与主句相同的部分。
3. 定语从句（who / which）
Robutt, who could hear him ...；which had never been held ...。who/which 在非限制性从句中作主语。
4. keep sb. from doing 与 make + 宾补
couldn't keep Jimmy from racing；made the gravity seem nonexistent。注意 from 不可省；make 后接不带 to 的不定式作宾补。
5. once 时间状语从句（主将从现）
You'll see the difference once he gets here。once 表"一旦"，从句用一般现在时表将来。
6. 并列与破折号同位语
didn't need ... and had ...；squeaked high and rapid squeaks — happy squeaks。平行结构与同位语增强表现力。
七、逻辑链
铺垫（第1—3段）：父母对话 → 吉米从未见过真狗，爸爸从地球带来"月球第一只狗"
↓
伙伴（第4—6段）：月球上的吉米与机器狗罗布特嬉戏，罗布特灵巧忠诚，堪比挚友
↓
冲突（第7—10段）：父亲召回吉米，告知真狗将至、罗布特将被送走
↓
辩驳（第11—19段）：吉米坚称罗布特非仿品、懂他；父亲以"生命之爱"反驳
↓
升华（第20—21段）：吉米以"我爱它，这才重要"收束，紧抱罗布特，机器狗发出快乐叫声
这是科幻小说节选的"对话推动"叙事：第1—3段埋设"真狗 vs 机器狗"的冲突；第4—6段写人机情谊；第7—19段以父子对话展开"真实生命与程序仿品"的思辨；第20—21段以男孩的纯真之爱点题，凸显情感价值高于"是否为真"。
八、写作迁移
模板 1：... as no ... could.
课文：he could handle the lunar gravity as no Earth-born human being could.
仿写：She finished the puzzle as no beginner could.（她完成了那拼图，这是任何初学者都做不到的。）——用于强调某能力的独一无二。
模板 2：名词 + though + 主语 + be, ...
课文：Jimmy, expert though he was, couldn't outrace Robutt.
仿写：Young though he was, he solved the problem alone.（尽管年幼，他却独自解决了问题。）——用于名词/形容词让步倒装。
模板 3：... couldn't keep sb. from doing ...
课文：even the weight of the spacesuit couldn't keep Jimmy from racing up it.
仿写：Nothing could keep her from pursuing her dream.（没有什么能阻止她追求梦想。）——用于写不可阻挡的行动。
模板 4：You'll see the difference once ...
课文：You'll see the difference once he gets here.
仿写：You'll see the result once you try it yourself.（一旦你亲自尝试，你就会看到结果。）——用于"一旦……便知"的语境。
模板 5：... and that's what counts.
课文：I love Robutt and that's what counts.
仿写：We tried our best and that's what counts.（我们尽了全力，那才是最重要的。）——用于收束强调核心价值。
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