Developing ideas 课文精读 · 巴黎圣母院
一、课文原文及逐段翻译
第1段
Published in 1831, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame tells a tragic story of events in Paris. Esmeralda's beauty means that many men fall in love with her. One such man sends the hunchback Quasimodo to kidnap Esmeralda. But Quasimodo fails and is captured and tortured in public. Esmeralda hears his call for water, and steps forwards out of mercy. She offers Quasimodo a drink of water, which saves him and also captures his heart. When Esmeralda is later sentenced to death for a crime she did not commit, Quasimodo rescues her from an angry crowd outside the Notre-Dame Cathedral. Esmeralda is safe from execution as long as she stays inside the cathedral...
《巴黎圣母院》于1831年出版，它讲述了一个发生在巴黎的悲惨故事。埃斯梅拉达的美貌使无数男人为她倾倒。这些倾慕者中有一个人派驼背卡西莫多去绑架埃斯梅拉达，但卡西莫多失败了，在公共场合被捕并遭受酷刑。埃斯梅拉达听到他对水的呼唤，怜悯之心油然而生。她给卡西莫多递上水，这不仅拯救了他的生命，也俘获了他的心。后来当埃斯梅拉达因莫须有的罪名被判死刑时，卡西莫多从圣母院外喧哗的人群中救下了她。只要她留在教堂内，就可以免于被处决的危险……
第2段
Esmeralda and Quasimodo were still for several moments, as they considered their predicament in silence — she so graceful, he so repulsive. Every moment Esmeralda discovered some fresh defect in Quasimodo, as her glance travelled from his knock knees to his hunched back, from his hunched back to his single eye. How anyone could be formed in such a way was beyond her comprehension. Yet there was so much melancholy and so much gentleness spread over all this that she gradually adjusted to it.
埃斯梅拉达和卡西莫多许久没有动，默默地思考着自己的处境，一个是那样优美，一个是那么难看。每一刻，随着埃斯梅拉达的目光从卡西莫多的弯腿移到驼背，再从他的驼背移到独眼上，她都在他身上发现更多的毛病。她难以理解一个人怎么能长得如此畸形。但他表现出那样的忧郁与那样的温顺，她渐渐地适应了。
第3段
He was the first to break the silence. "So you were telling me to return?"
他首先打破了沉默："那么你是叫我回来吗？"
第4段
She moved her head, and said, "Yes."
她点点头，答道："是的。"
第5段
He understood the motion of the head. "But!" he said, as though hesitating whether to finish, "I am — I am deaf."
他明白点头的意思。"不过，"他说，似乎犹豫着要不要说下去，"我是……我是聋子。"
第6段
"Poor wretch!" exclaimed Esmeralda, with an expression of heartfelt compassion.
"可怜的人！"埃斯梅拉达喊道，发自内心地对他表示同情。
第7段
He began to smile sadly.
他苦笑起来。
第8段
"You suppose that was all that I was missing, do you not? Yes, I am deaf, that is the way I am made. It is horrible, is it not, next to your exquisite beauty!"
"你觉得那就是我的所有缺陷，对不对？是啊，我是聋子，生来如此。真是可怕，不是吗？而你呢，却如此美丽！"
第9段
There lay in the accents of the unfortunate man so significant an awareness of his sadness that she had not the strength to utter a syllable. In any case, he would not have heard her. He continued:
从那不幸的人的语气里可以感受到他对自身的悲哀心知肚明，她没有勇气回答。何况即便回答，他也无法听到。他接着说道：
第10段
"Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present moment. When I compare myself to you, I feel an immense pity for myself, poor unfortunate monster that I am! Be honest, to you I must resemble some savage creature. You, you are a ray of sunshine, a drop of dew, a birdsong, whilst I am something terrible, neither human nor beast. I don't know what I am, as I am coarser, more downtrodden, and plainer than a pebble!"
"我从来没像现在这般明白自己的丑陋。当我把自己同你比较时，我就非常怜悯自己，我是多么可怜而不幸的怪物啊！说实话，你一定把我当成某种野兽了吧。你呀，你就像一束阳光、一滴露珠、一声鸟鸣，而我呢，却是一个可怕的东西，不像人也不像兽。我不知道我是什么，我比卵石还要粗硬、难看、不显眼！"
第11段
Then he began to laugh, and that laugh was the most heartbreaking sound in the world. He continued:
然后他笑了起来，那是世界上最痛心的笑声。他接着说道：
第12段
"Yes, I am deaf, but you shall talk to me with your hands as my master talks to me, and then I shall quickly know your wishes from the movement of your lips, from your expression."
"是啊，我是聋子。但你可以用手势对我讲话，就像我的主人跟我说话那样。这样，从你的口型和你的表情，我很快就能明白你的意思。"
第13段
"Well!" she smiled, "Explain to me why you rescued me."
"好啊！"她微笑着说道，"告诉我你为什么要救我。"
第14段
He watched her intently while she was speaking.
她说话的时候，他专注地看着她。
第15段
"I understand," he replied. "You ask me why I rescued you. You have forgotten an unfortunate person who attempted to kidnap you one night, this same person to whom you showed kindness when he was being punished. A drop of water and a little pity — that is more than I can repay with my life. You have forgotten that unfortunate soul, but he remembers it."
"我明白了，"他回答道，"你问我为什么要救你。你忘了，有天晚上，有个坏家伙想绑架你，你却在他被惩罚时对他表示友善。我即使为你赴汤蹈火，也报答不了那滴水和你的怜悯之心。你已经忘记那个不幸的人了，他却还记着你的恩情。"
第16段
She listened to him with profound tenderness. A tear swam in the eye of Quasimodo, but did not fall. He seemed to make it a point of honour to keep it at bay.
她带着满心温柔听完他的话。一滴泪珠在卡西莫多的眼眶里滚动，却没有落下来。似乎不让眼泪落下来，他就可以维护自己的尊严。
（改编自维克多·雨果的《巴黎圣母院》）
二、重点单词
tragic adj.：悲剧的；悲惨的。The Hunchback of Notre-Dame tells a tragic story
hunchback n.：驼背；驼背的人。the hunchback Quasimodo
kidnap v.：绑架。sends the hunchback Quasimodo to kidnap Esmeralda
torture v.：折磨；拷打。is captured and tortured in public
mercy n.：仁慈；怜悯。steps forwards out of mercy
predicament n.：困境；险境。as they considered their predicament in silence
repulsive adj.：令人厌恶的；丑陋的。she so graceful, he so repulsive
defect n.：缺陷；毛病。discovered some fresh defect in Quasimodo
melancholy n. / adj.：忧郁（的）。so much melancholy and so much gentleness
wretch n.：可怜的人；不幸的人。Poor wretch!
exquisite adj.：精致的；极美的。next to your exquisite beauty
immense adj.：极大的；巨大的。I feel an immense pity for myself
downtrodden adj.：被践踏的；卑微的。more downtrodden, and plainer than a pebble
rescue v.：营救；拯救。why you rescued me
tenderness n.：温柔；温情。with profound tenderness
三、一词多义与熟词生义
formed 常见义"形成、组成"，课文 How anyone could be formed in such a way 中取被动义"被塑造、被造出（外形）"，指人的体貌被造就。
defect 常见义"缺点、缺陷（抽象）"，课文中 discovered some fresh defect in Quasimodo 具体指外貌上的"瑕疵、毛病"。
ray 常见义"光线、射线"，课文 a ray of sunshine 引申为"一束（阳光）"，用于比喻美好事物。
creature 常见义"生物、动物"，课文 resemble some savage creature 中带贬义，指"野兽、怪物"。
plain 常见义"清楚的、朴素的"，课文 plainer than a pebble 中取"平淡无奇的、不起眼的"，形容外貌。
point 常见义"点、要点"，课文 make it a point of honour 中构成固定搭配，意为"视为（荣誉上的）一件要事"。
四、重点词块
Published in 1831 于1831年出版
fall in love with 爱上；倾心于
out of mercy 出于怜悯
a drink of water 一口水；一杯水
be sentenced to death 被判死刑
a crime she did not commit 莫须有的罪名（她未犯下的罪行）
safe from execution 免于被处决
as long as 只要
in silence 默默地；安静地
beyond one's comprehension 超出某人的理解
adjust to 适应；习惯
break the silence 打破沉默
a ray of sunshine 一束阳光（比喻美好）
with profound tenderness 带着满心温柔
五、长难句拆解
【原句 1】Published in 1831, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame tells a tragic story of events in Paris.
【主干】The Hunchback of Notre-Dame tells a tragic story.
【分层】Published in 1831 为过去分词短语作时间/伴随状语，相当于 which was published in 1831；of events in Paris 为介词短语作后置定语修饰 story。
【译文】《巴黎圣母院》于1831年出版，它讲述了一个发生在巴黎的悲惨故事。
【考点】过去分词作状语；介词短语后置定语。
【原句 2】She offers Quasimodo a drink of water, which saves him and also captures his heart.
【主干】She offers Quasimodo a drink of water, which saves him.
【分层】offer 后接双宾语（间接宾语 Quasimodo + 直接宾语 a drink）；which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整件事，从句中 and 连接两个谓语 saves 与 captures。
【译文】她给卡西莫多递上水，这不仅拯救了他的生命，也俘获了他的心。
【考点】双宾语结构；which 非限制性定语从句。
【原句 3】Every moment Esmeralda discovered some fresh defect in Quasimodo, as her glance travelled from his knock knees to his hunched back, from his hunched back to his single eye.
【主干】Esmeralda discovered some fresh defect.
【分层】Every moment 为时间状语；as her glance travelled ... 为时间状语从句，其中两个 from ... to ... 为平行结构，描述目光移动路径。
【译文】每一刻，随着埃斯梅拉达的目光从卡西莫多的弯腿移到驼背，再从他的驼背移到独眼上，她都在他身上发现更多的毛病。
【考点】as 时间状语从句；from...to... 平行结构。
【原句 4】Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present moment.
【主干】Never have I viewed my ugliness.
【分层】否定副词 Never 置于句首引起部分倒装，助动词 have 提前到主语 I 之前；as at the present moment 为比较状语。
【译文】我从来没像现在这般明白自己的丑陋。
【考点】否定副词开头的部分倒装。
【原句 5】There lay in the accents of the unfortunate man so significant an awareness of his sadness that she had not the strength to utter a syllable.
【主干】There lay so significant an awareness that she had not the strength.
【分层】There lay ... 为全部倒装（地点状语 in the accents ... 前置）；so ... an awareness ... that 引导结果状语从句；that 从句中 to utter a syllable 为不定式作后置定语修饰 strength。
【译文】从那不幸的人的语气里可以感受到他对自身的悲哀心知肚明，她没有勇气回答。
【考点】there be/lay 倒装；so...that 结果状语从句；不定式作后置定语。
六、语法点清单
1. 过去分词作状语
Published in 1831, ... tells ...；sentenced to death for a crime。表被动且动作先于谓语。
2. 非限制性定语从句（which）
which saves him and also captures his heart。which 指代前文整件事，用逗号隔开。
3. 否定副词开头的倒装
Never have I viewed ...。Never 居首引起部分倒装，助动词提前。
4. so...that 结果状语从句
so much melancholy ... that she gradually adjusted；so significant an awareness ... that she had not the strength。注意 "so + 形容词 + a/an + 名词" 语序。
5. as 引导的多种从句
as they considered ...（时间）；as though hesitating（方式）；as at the present moment（比较）。as 用法灵活，需结合语境判断。
6. 平行结构（from...to...）
from his knock knees to his hunched back, from his hunched back to his single eye。平行结构增强节奏感，常见于描写。
七、逻辑链
背景（第1段）：卡西莫多受命绑架埃斯梅拉达失败受刑 → 埃斯梅拉达赠水相救，俘获其心；后被救于教堂
↓
相认（第2—5段）：二人静默相对，埃斯梅拉达渐适其貌 → 卡西莫多打破沉默，自陈耳聋
↓
自贬（第6—12段）：卡西莫多以"丑陋怪物"自比，将埃斯梅拉达比作阳光露珠 → 提出以手势交流
↓
报恩（第13—16段）：埃斯梅拉达问其相救之因 → 卡西莫多忆及赠水之恩，泪含不落以护尊严
这是小说节选的"对话+心理"片段：第1段交代前情；第2—16段以对话推进，先写外貌反差与身份揭示，再写卡西莫多自卑而深情的自白，最后点明"滴水之恩、涌泉相报"的主题，凸显"外丑内美"的对照。
八、写作迁移
模板 1：Published in ..., ... tells a ... story of ...
课文：Published in 1831, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame tells a tragic story of events in Paris.
仿写：Published in 1949, the novel tells a moving story of a young soldier.（这部1949年出版的小说讲述了一个年轻士兵的感人故事。）——用于作品简介开头。
模板 2：... is safe from ... as long as ...
课文：Esmeralda is safe from execution as long as she stays inside the cathedral.
仿写：The data is safe from loss as long as we back it up regularly.（只要我们定期备份，数据就不会丢失。）——用于表达条件限制下的安全。
模板 3：Never have I ... as at the present moment.
课文：Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present moment.
仿写：Never have I realised the value of time as at the present moment.（我从未像此刻这般意识到时间的宝贵。）——用于强调当下感受（需倒装）。
模板 4：You, you are ...; whilst I am ...
课文：You, you are a ray of sunshine ... whilst I am something terrible.
仿写：You, you are a beacon of hope, whilst I am but a passer-by.（你是一盏希望之灯，而我不过是个过客。）——用于对比烘托人物反差。
模板 5：... make it a point of ... to ...
课文：He seemed to make it a point of honour to keep it at bay.
仿写：She made it a point of principle to tell the truth.（她把说真话视为一项原则。）——用于强调某事对主语意义重大。
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