Developing ideas 课文精读 · 表情符号
一、课文原文及逐段翻译
第1段
While waiting outside the cafeteria, I received the following message from my friend.
在自助餐厅外等待的时候，我收到了朋友发来的信息：
第2段
It took me a minute before I realised what it meant. The signs he used were to say that he'd be running late and would be there soon. Instead of replying with a simple "OK, don't rush", I searched for emojis on my phone that would express the same message.
我花了一分钟才理解这条消息的意思，这些符号是想说他要迟到了，会尽快过来。我没有简单地回复"好，别着急"，而是从手机上搜索了几个表达相同意思的表情符号。
第3段
This was my attempt to follow the trend of communicating with emojis. Emojis are used everywhere, from text messages to emails, blogs and other social media networks. With the rapid development of social media, emojis are becoming an integral component of the language we use to express ourselves.
这是我追随使用表情符号交流这一潮流的一次尝试。表情符号无处不在，从短信到电子邮件、博客以及其他社交媒体网络都会使用表情符号。随着社交媒体的飞速发展，表情符号正在成为我们用于表达自我的语言不可或缺的一部分。
第4段
The word "emoji" comes from Japanese, literally meaning "picture character". Emojis are small symbols representing ideas, emotions or feelings. They come in different categories, such as faces and people, plants and animals, and food and drink.
"emoji"一词源于日语，字面意思是"图画文字"。表情符号是表示想法、情绪或感受的小图标。它们可分为不同类别，比如面部表情和人物、动植物、食品饮料等。
第5段
When first introduced in Japan in 1999, emojis were limited to 176 simple designs. Now there are more than 3,000 emojis that expand upon the way in which we communicate. Due to their popularity, the Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year in 2015 was, for the first time ever, a pictograph instead of a traditional word.
1999年，表情符号首次在日本推出，当时只有176个简单的图案。但现在我们能使用3,000多个表情符号来拓宽我们的交流渠道。由于表情符号的风靡，牛津词典2015年的年度词汇是（哭的表情符号），这是图画文字首次替代了传统意义上的单词。
第6段
In today's world, emojis have become more and more popular. It seems that emojis have clear advantages over written language. People like them because they add emotional meaning, and are quick and easy to use. In fact, this is similar to the gestures we use when we speak. With a smiling or sad face added to a message or post, your reader can "see" your facial expression while reading your words. Emojis can also help people express their feelings when they cannot find the appropriate words. For instance, if your friend is moving across the country, you may just send them a string of crying faces to express your sadness over your separation.
在当今世界，表情符号越来越受欢迎。表情符号似乎比书面语言更具明显优势。人们喜欢它们，因为它们增添了语言的情感含义，使用方便快捷。事实上，这就像我们说话时用的手势一样。当在信息或帖子中加一个微笑表情或悲伤表情时，你的读者在读你写的内容时就能"看到"你的面部表情。表情符号还能帮助人们在找不到合适的词汇时表达他们的感受。举个例子，假如你的朋友将要搬去另一个国家，你可以发给他们一串哭脸，来表达自己对于你们将要分离的忧伤之情。
第7段
The use of emojis has even spread to classical literature. A Shakespeare series for young readers has taken William Shakespeare's popular plays and replaced some words with textspeak and emojis. The intention of these adaptations is to make the classics more accessible to young readers. Some people, however, believe that these new versions have taken away the heart and soul of Shakespeare's plays.
表情符号的使用甚至蔓延到经典文学之中。一套为年轻读者写的、内容取材于威廉·莎士比亚流行戏剧的系列丛书，就把书中一些词语更换为短信简写语和表情符号。这些改写的目的是为了使经典著作更容易被年轻读者接受。然而，也有人认为这些新版本剥夺了莎士比亚戏剧的精髓。
第8段
As we can see, emojis have a tendency to pop up all over the place. Users of emojis say that they facilitate the way in which we communicate and express ourselves. But this makes others, especially educators, worry that we are losing the ability to communicate properly using the written word, or even the spoken word. After all, how many of us today would rather send a message packed with emojis than make a telephone call? Perhaps people will one day choose to communicate in pictures and forget how to write properly. On that day, emojis will have become a real pictorial "language". But, for now, maybe it's best that we just enjoy using them.
正如我们所见，表情符号的趋势是变得越来越随处可见。表情符号的使用者声称它们更便于我们沟通交流、表达自我。但是这使得一些人，尤其是教育工作者，担心我们正在失去使用书面语甚至口语来正确沟通的能力。毕竟，现如今，我们当中有多少人宁愿发送一条满是表情符号的短信，也不愿意打电话？或许有一天，人们会选择用图片来交流，忘记怎样正确书写。到那一天，表情符号将成为真正的图画"语言"。但是现在，或许我们最好还是享受使用它们的乐趣吧！
二、重点单词
emoji n.：表情符号（复数 emojis）。communicating with emojis
integral adj.：不可或缺的；组成的。an integral component of the language
literally adv.：字面上；确切地。literally meaning "picture character"
category n.：类别；种类。They come in different categories
pictograph n.：象形文字；图画文字。a pictograph instead of a traditional word
gesture n.：手势；姿态。similar to the gestures we use when we speak
appropriate adj.：合适的；恰当的。cannot find the appropriate words
adaptation n.：改编；改写。The intention of these adaptations
accessible adj.：易理解的；可获得的。make the classics more accessible
facilitate v.：促进；使便利。they facilitate the way we communicate
tendency n.：倾向；趋势。emojis have a tendency to pop up
pictorial adj.：图画的；用图片的。a real pictorial "language"
separation n.：分离；分别。sadness over your separation
三、一词多义与熟词生义
character 常见指"角色、人物、性格"，课文 picture character 中意为"文字、字符"，即"图画文字"。
gesture 常见指社交中的"姿态、表示（如善意之举）"，课文 the gestures we use when we speak 指说话时的"手势、肢体动作"。
accessible 本义"可进入的、可接近的"，课文 make the classics more accessible 意为"让经典更易被理解/接受"。
trend 常见"趋势、动向"，课文 follow the trend 指"追随（使用表情符号的）潮流"。
pack 常见动词"打包、装满"，课文 a message packed with emojis 中 packed with 意为"塞满、满是"，为过去分词作后置定语。
sign 常见"标志、签名"，课文 The signs he used 指朋友发的"符号、图标（即表情符号）"。
四、重点词块
wait outside 在……外等候
running late 要迟到了
follow the trend 追随潮流
an integral component 不可或缺的组成部分
express oneself 表达自我
come from 来源于；源自
literally meaning 字面意思是
expand upon 拓展；丰富
due to 由于；因为
have advantages over 比……有优势
add emotional meaning 增添情感含义
a string of 一连串；一串
spread to 蔓延到；扩展到
take away 夺走；去除
pack with 装满；满是
for now 目前；眼下
五、长难句拆解
【原句 1】It took me a minute before I realised what it meant. The signs he used were to say that he'd be running late and would be there soon.
【主干】It took me a minute before I realised... The signs were to say that...
【分层】It took sb. some time before... 为固定句型；realised 后接 what 宾语从句；第二句 signs 后接省略关系词 that/which 的定语从句 he used；be to say 表示"意图是、旨在说明"；that 引导宾语从句含 would be running（将来进行时）与 would be。
【译文】我花了一分钟才明白它的意思。他用的符号是想说他要迟到、很快会到。
【考点】It takes sb. time before...；what 宾语从句；定语从句省略；be to do 表意图。
【原句 2】With the rapid development of social media, emojis are becoming an integral component of the language we use to express ourselves.
【主干】emojis are becoming an integral component of the language.
【分层】With... 介词短语作伴随/原因状语；谓语 are becoming 为现在进行时表"逐渐变化"的趋势；language 后接省略 that/which 的定语从句 we use to express ourselves，其中 to express 为不定式作目的状语。
【译文】随着社交媒体的飞速发展，表情符号正成为我们用以表达自我的语言中不可或缺的一部分。
【考点】with 复合结构作状语；现在进行时表趋势；定语从句省略。
【原句 3】When first introduced in Japan in 1999, emojis were limited to 176 simple designs.
【主干】When first introduced..., emojis were limited to 176 simple designs.
【分层】When first introduced 为"连词 + 过去分词"构成的省略状语从句，补全为 When (they were) first introduced；主句 were limited to 为一般过去时被动。
【译文】1999年表情符号首次在日本推出时，仅限于176个简单图案。
【考点】连词+过去分词省略状语；一般过去时被动；be limited to。
【原句 4】With a smiling or sad face added to a message or post, your reader can "see" your facial expression while reading your words.
【主干】With... added, your reader can "see" your facial expression.
【分层】With + 宾语 + 过去分词 added 构成 with 复合结构作状语；while reading 为"连词 + 现在分词"省略主语的状语（补全 while (they are) reading）。
【译文】在信息或帖子中加一个微笑或悲伤表情，读者读你文字时就能"看到"你的表情。
【考点】with 复合结构（宾语+done）；while + doing 省略。
【原句 5】Some people, however, believe that these new versions have taken away the heart and soul of Shakespeare's plays.
【主干】Some people believe that...
【分层】however 为插入副词表转折；believe 后接 that 宾语从句；从句谓语 have taken away 为现在完成时，heart and soul 固定搭配"精髓、灵魂"。
【译文】然而，也有人认为这些新版本剥夺了莎士比亚戏剧的精髓。
【考点】插入语 however；that 宾语从句；现在完成时。
六、语法点清单
1. 现在进行时表渐变趋势
are becoming an integral component；have become more and more popular。用进行时强调"正在发展、逐渐变化"。
2. 省略状语从句（连词+分词）
When first introduced (= when they were introduced)；while reading (= while they are reading)。注意被动用 done、主动用 doing。
3. 定语从句（省略关系词）
the language (that/which) we use；the gestures (that/which) we use。先行词在从句中作宾语可省略。
4. 比较与优势（have advantages over）
emojis have clear advantages over written language。over 表比较对象。
5. with 复合结构
With the rapid development...；With a smiling face added...。可作原因、伴随状语。
6. 现在完成时（have done）
have taken away；has spread to；have become。强调动作对现在的影响。
七、逻辑链
生活引入（第1—2段）：等餐时收到朋友用符号发的"迟到"信息，作者以表情符号回应
↓
定义与普及（第3—4段）：表情符号成自我表达不可或缺部分；词源、含义、分类
↓
发展历程（第5段）：1999年日本176个→如今3000+，2015年成牛津年度词
↓
优势分析（第6段）：比文字直观、添情感、易用，似说话手势，还能弥补词穷
↓
争议（第7段）：渗入经典文学，有人赞"易读"，有人忧"失其精髓"
↓
反思（第8段）：教育者担心弱化书面/口语能力，但当下不妨先享受
这是一篇"现象说明+利弊探讨"的议论文：第1—5段由生活场景切入，层层说明表情符号的定义、来源与发展；第6—7段是核心，既分析其表达优势，也指出对经典的争议；第8段辩证收尾，呼吁理性看待。
八、写作迁移
模板 1：It took me ... before I realised ...
课文：It took me a minute before I realised what it meant.
仿写：It took me years before I realised the true meaning of his words.（我花了好多年才明白他话中的真意。）——用于描写恍然大悟的过程。
模板 2：With the rapid development of ..., ... are becoming ...
课文：With the rapid development of social media, emojis are becoming an integral component of the language.
仿写：With the rapid development of AI, smart tools are becoming an integral part of our study.（随着人工智能的飞速发展，智能工具正成为我们学习中不可或缺的部分。）——用于说明趋势。
模板 3：When first introduced ..., ... were limited to ...
课文：When first introduced in Japan in 1999, emojis were limited to 176 simple designs.
仿写：When first launched, the app was limited to a few basic functions.（刚推出时，这款应用仅限于几项基础功能。）——用于说明事物初期状态。
模板 4：... have clear advantages over ...
课文：It seems that emojis have clear advantages over written language.
仿写：Online learning seems to have clear advantages over traditional classes in flexibility.（在线学习在灵活性上似乎比传统课堂有明显优势。）——用于比较优劣。
模板 5：... worry that we are losing the ability to ...
课文：this makes others worry that we are losing the ability to communicate properly using the written word.
仿写：Many parents worry that children are losing the ability to think independently.（许多家长担心孩子正在丧失独立思考的能力。）——用于表达隐忧。
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