Developing ideas 课文精读 · 有价值的价值
一、课文原文及逐段翻译
第1段
The spending power of young people varies from person to person. Each, however, is faced with the same question: what to do with the money? Some handle this less well than others. Recent headlines have seen more and more teens maxing out their parents' credit cards on games and other online activities.
年轻人的消费能力因人而异。然而，每个人却都面临着同样的问题：这笔钱该怎么花？有些人处理得不如其他人好。最近的头条新闻显示，越来越多的青少年在游戏和其他网络活动上刷爆了父母的信用卡。
第2段
In contrast to these big spenders, there are also teens that prove age is no barrier to making good use of money. With the help of her grandfather, eight-year-old Khloe Thompson started making "Kare Bags" for the homeless people in her district. Inside the bags are necessities such as toothpaste, soap and socks, bought first with her pocket money and then through crowd funding. These items helped to make the lives of the poor and homeless people a little bit easier. On receiving a Kare bag, one woman said, "You make me feel like a human being."
与这些挥霍无度的人相比，还有一些青少年证明年龄并不是充分利用金钱的障碍。在她祖父的帮助下，8岁的科勒·汤普森开始为她所在地区的无家可归者制作"关怀包"。包里装着牙膏、肥皂和袜子等必需品，这些都是她先用零花钱，然后通过众筹购买的。这些东西有助于使穷人和无家可归者的生活稍微容易一些。在收到一个关怀包时，一位女士说："你让我觉得自己是个人。"
第3段
However people intend to use their money, managing it seems to be unprecedentedly important to younger generations. A 2016 study said 17 states of the US require high school students to take courses in personal finance. For those who have no access to courses, help might be at hand thanks to Jerry Witkovsky and his method of using four jars to teach teenagers how to spend their money wisely.
无论人们打算如何使用他们的钱，对年轻一代来说，管理他们的钱似乎是前所未有的重要。2016年的一项研究表明，美国有17个州要求高中生学习个人理财课程。对于那些没有机会参加课程的人来说，杰里·维科夫斯基的帮助可能就在手边，他利用四个罐子来教青少年如何明智地花钱。
第4段
When Jerry's grandchildren turned 13, his present to each of them were three jars: one for spending, one for saving, and another for giving — he has since added a fourth jar for investing. It was from then on that his grandchildren started to be in control of what to do with the money they receive: spend, save, invest, or give? Jerry's birthday present to his grandchildren is, however, much more than money and a few jars — he is giving them an opportunity to learn lifelong values.
当杰里的孙子们13岁的时候，他给他们每人的礼物是三个罐子：一个用于消费，一个用于储蓄，另一个用于赠予——后来他又增加了第四个罐子用于投资。从那时起，他的孙子们开始掌握如何使用他们收到的钱：花，存，投资，还是捐赠？然而，杰瑞送给孙辈的生日礼物不仅仅是钱和几个罐子——他是在给孙辈一个学习终身价值的机会。
第5段
The value taught with the Spending jar is that you are responsible for your own happiness. Money gives you independence and the opportunity to buy something you like. After all, it's OK to be nice to yourself!
"花钱罐"教给我们的价值是：你要为自己的幸福负责。钱给了你独立和买你喜欢的东西的机会。毕竟，对自己好一点是可以的！
第6段
While the spending jar is about here and now, the saving jar gives you a vision for the future. This could involve saving for university, but it could also mean saving for that special something you've seen in the stores — it's up to you.
当消费之罐就在此时此刻，储蓄之罐给你一个未来的愿景。这可能需要为上大学攒钱，但也可能意味着为你在商店里看到的特别的东西攒钱——这取决于你自己。
第7段
The Investing jar not only represents a vision for the future, but gives the opportunity to build for the future. Although this could likewise involve putting aside money for your university education, it also means investing in yourself.
投资罐不仅代表了对未来的愿景，而且提供了为未来建造的机会。虽然这也可能涉及到为大学教育存钱，但这也意味着为自己投资。
第8段
The Giving jar is all about kindness and helping. Whether you want to help out a friend, give money to an animal charity or to children in another country, it's your money to give to whatever cause you believe in.
"给予罐"是关于善良和帮助的。不管你是想帮助朋友，还是想把钱捐给动物慈善机构，还是捐给其他国家的孩子，你的钱都可以捐给你所信仰的任何事业。
第9段
The wider aim of the jars is to encourage teenagers to think more objectively about money and the things that it can do, so that they grow up understanding, if you like, the value of the valuable. In this way, they will be better equipped in their adult lives to make informed choices about how they use the money they have. Indeed, the small change inside their jars could mean a big change in how they manage their money.
罐子的更广泛的目的是鼓励青少年更客观地思考金钱和金钱可以做的事情，这样他们长大后就会明白，如果你愿意的话，有价值的东西的价值。通过这种方式，他们将在成年生活中更有能力，在如何使用他们所拥有的金钱方面做出明智的选择。事实上，他们罐子里的小零钱可能意味着他们管理金钱的方式的大变化。
二、重点单词
vary v.：变化；不同。The spending power varies from person to person.
barrier n.：障碍；壁垒。age is no barrier to making good use of money
necessity n.：必需品；必要。Inside the bags are necessities such as toothpaste
crowd funding n.：众筹。bought through crowd funding
unprecedentedly adv.：空前地；前所未有地。seems to be unprecedentedly important
finance n.：金融；理财。courses in personal finance
invest v.：投资。a fourth jar for investing
independence n.：独立；自主。Money gives you independence
vision n.：愿景；远见。gives you a vision for the future
charity n.：慈善；慈善机构。give money to an animal charity
objective adj.：客观的。think more objectively about money
informed adj.：明智的；知情的。make informed choices
equip v.：装备；使具备。better equipped to make choices
valuable adj. / n.：有价值的；有价值的事物。the value of the valuable
三、一词多义与熟词生义
vary 常见义"改变、变动"，课文 varies from person to person 指"因人而异、各不相同"。
max out 短语动词，本义"达到极限/最大值"，max out credit cards 意为"刷爆信用卡、透支到额度上限"。
jar 常见指厨房"罐子、广口瓶"，课文中 four jars 是杰里用来教理财的"四个分类储蓄罐"（消费/储蓄/投资/给予）。
value / values value 单数表"价值、用处"；values（复数）特指"价值观、处世准则"，课文 lifelong values 即"终身受用的价值观"。
informed 由 inform（通知）派生，informed choices 不是"被通知的选择"，而是"有依据的、明智的"选择。
present 常见作"礼物"（名词）或"呈现"（动词），课文 his present to each of them 取名词"礼物"义。
四、重点词块
vary from person to person 因人而异
be faced with 面临；面对
what to do with 如何处理；怎么用
max out one's credit card 刷爆信用卡
in contrast to 与……形成对照
make good use of 充分利用
with the help of 在……的帮助下
crowd funding 众筹
no barrier to 对……没有障碍
have access to 有机会接触；可使用
thanks to 多亏；由于
be in control of 掌控；控制
after all 毕竟；终究
it's up to you 由你决定
believe in 信仰；相信（某事业）
五、长难句拆解
【原句 1】Recent headlines have seen more and more teens maxing out their parents' credit cards on games and other online activities.
【主干】Recent headlines have seen more and more teens maxing out credit cards.
【分层】现在完成时 have seen 此处为拟人用法，意为"目睹、出现"；宾语 teens 后接现在分词短语 maxing out... 作宾语补足语，说明 teens 的行为；on games... 为状语。
【译文】最近的头条新闻显示，越来越多的青少年在游戏和其他网络活动上刷爆了父母的信用卡。
【考点】现在完成时；see + 宾语 + doing（宾补）；拟人主语。
【原句 2】In contrast to these big spenders, there are also teens that prove age is no barrier to making good use of money.
【主干】there are also teens that prove...
【分层】In contrast to 作对比状语；that 引导定语从句修饰 teens；prove 后接省略 that 的宾语从句 age is no barrier；to making... 为介词 to 短语作 barrier 的后置定语。
【译文】与这些挥霍无度的人相比，还有一些青少年证明年龄并不是充分利用金钱的障碍。
【考点】there be 句型；that 定语从句；prove + 宾语从句；barrier to doing。
【原句 3】It was from then on that his grandchildren started to be in control of what to do with the money they receive.
【主干】It was from then on that his grandchildren started to be in control of...（强调句）
【分层】It was ... that ... 为强调句型，强调时间状语 from then on；be in control of 后接 what 引导的宾语从句；该从句中 they receive 为省略关系词的定语从句修饰 money。
【译文】从那时起，他的孙子们开始掌握如何使用他们收到的钱。
【考点】It is/was ... that 强调句；what 宾语从句；定语从句省略。
【原句 4】The wider aim of the jars is to encourage teenagers to think more objectively about money and the things that it can do, so that they grow up understanding the value of the valuable.
【主干】The wider aim is to encourage teenagers to think..., so that they grow up understanding...
【分层】主语 aim 后接不定式 to encourage 作表语；teenagers 后接 to think 作宾补；that it can do 为定语从句修饰 things；so that 引导目的状语从句；understanding... 为现在分词作伴随状语。
【译文】罐子更广泛的目的在于鼓励青少年更客观地思考金钱及其功用，这样他们长大后便能理解"有价值之价值"。
【考点】不定式作表语/宾补；that 定语从句；so that 目的状语；现在分词伴随状语。
【原句 5】Indeed, the small change inside their jars could mean a big change in how they manage their money.
【主干】the small change could mean a big change.
【分层】inside their jars 为介词短语作后置定语修饰 change；in how they manage... 为介词 in 后接 how 引导的宾语从句，作 change 的后置定语。
【译文】事实上，他们罐子里的小零钱可能意味着他们管理金钱方式的大变化。
【考点】介词短语后置定语；how 宾语从句。
六、语法点清单
1. 现在完成时（have done）
have seen；has proved。表示过去发生、与现在相关的动作/状态。
2. 强调句型（It is/was ... that ...）
It was from then on that his grandchildren started...。强调时间状语，that 不可换成 which。
3. 定语从句（that / who）
teens that prove...；those who have no access...；the things that it can do。注意 that/who 在从句中作主语。
4. 非谓语动词（doing / to do）
making Kare Bags（宾语补足语）；to teach / to spend / to think（目的/表语不定式）；understanding（伴随状语）。
5. 并列与对比（in contrast to / however / while）
In contrast to these big spenders；While the spending jar is about here...。while 表对比"而"。
6. 让步/条件（however / whether）
However people intend to use...；Whether you want to help...。需注意 however 此处为连词"无论怎样"。
七、逻辑链
引子（第1段）：青少年消费力不同，但都面对"钱怎么花"；有人刷爆父母信用卡
↓
正面个案（第2段）：8岁 Khloe 用零花钱+众筹为无家可归者做关怀包，证明年龄非障碍
↓
问题提出（第3段）：理财对年轻一代空前重要，杰里用"四罐法"来教学
↓
方法说明（第4段）：13岁赠三罐（后加第四罐），让孩子掌控金钱去向
↓
四罐价值（第5—8段）：消费=对自己幸福负责；储蓄=未来愿景；投资=为未来建造；给予=善良助人
↓
升华（第9段）：四罐旨在培养客观金钱观，理解"有价值之价值"，助成年明智选择
这是一篇"问题—案例—方法—意义"的议论文：第1—2段以正反对比引出"如何理财"的话题；第3—4段提出杰里的四罐法；第5—8段逐一阐释每个罐子所承载的价值观，是全文核心；第9段总结四罐的深层目的——塑造正确金钱观。
八、写作迁移
模板 1：... varies from person to person.
课文：The spending power of young people varies from person to person.
仿写：People's attitudes towards failure vary from person to person.（人们对失败的态度因人而异。）——用于开篇说明差异性。
模板 2：In contrast to A, there are also B that prove ...
课文：In contrast to these big spenders, there are also teens that prove age is no barrier.
仿写：In contrast to those who give up, there are also students that prove difficulty is no barrier to success.（与那些放弃的人相比，也有一些学生证明困难不是成功的障碍。）——用于正反对比。
模板 3：It was ... that ...（强调句）
课文：It was from then on that his grandchildren started to be in control of the money.
仿写：It was at that moment that I realized the value of honesty.（正是在那一刻我意识到了诚实的价值。）——用于突出关键时点。
模板 4：While A is about ..., B gives you ...
课文：While the spending jar is about here and now, the saving jar gives you a vision for the future.
仿写：While play is about relaxation, study gives you power for the future.（玩耍关乎放松，而学习赋予你面向未来的力量。）——用于对比两种事物。
模板 5：... could mean a big change in how ...
课文：the small change could mean a big change in how they manage their money.
仿写：A single good habit could mean a big change in how you live your life.（一个好习惯可能意味着你生活方式的巨大改变。）——用于结尾点题。
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