Using Language 课文精读 · 时间机器
一、课文原文及逐段翻译
第1段
It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career. I gave it a last check, and sat myself in the leather seat. I pushed the starting lever on the main panel forwards an inch then immediately backwards again. Looking around, I saw my laboratory exactly as before. Had anything happened? I thought my mind had tricked me. Then I saw the clock. A moment before, it was a minute or so past ten; now it was nearly half past three!
上午十点，所有时间机器中的第一台开始了它的运行之旅。我最后检查了一遍机器，然后坐在皮椅上。我把主面板上的启动杆往前推了一英寸，然后又立刻向后拉。环顾四周，我看到实验室与以前一模一样。发生什么事了吗？我以为我的大脑欺骗了我。然后我看了下时钟。片刻之前，大概是十点零一分，而现在已经快三点半了！
第2段
I drew a breath, gripped the lever and pushed it forwards. The laboratory went hazy around me. My niece came in to fetch something, maybe her handkerchief, apparently without seeing me. It probably took her a minute, but to me she moved like a rocket! I pushed the lever further. Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day. Tomorrow night came, then skipped to day, again and again, faster and faster still.
我吸了一口气，一把抓住操纵杆，往前推了一下。实验室在我身边变得模糊不清。我的侄女进来拿东西，也许是拿她的手帕，但她显然没看见我。她大约花了一分钟时间，但在我看来，她的动作快如火箭！我把操纵杆再往前推了下。夜幕降临了，仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭，转眼间，白昼就来临了。第二天夜晚降临，接着又跃进到白天。如此反复，越来越快。
第3段
It is hard to explain the strange and unpleasant feeling of time travelling. It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road. As my pace grew faster, the walls of the laboratory fell away, and I was left in the open air. The sun and moon looked as if they were being thrown across the sky, but soon there was division between night and day. Around me I saw trees growing like puffs of smoke; they grew, spread, and died in moments. I saw huge buildings rise up then disappear like in a dream. The whole surface of the earth was being changed, melting and flowing before my eyes. I calculated that I was being pushed through time at hundreds of years a minute.
时间旅行带来的陌生感和不适感是难以解释的。我感到我好像坐在一部汽车里，飞驰在蜿蜒的道路上。我的速度越来越快，实验室的墙壁随之坍塌，我置身野外。太阳和月亮看起来似乎正被抛向天空，但是很快就有了昼夜之分。环顾四周，我看到树木似青烟升起，不断生长，变得枝繁叶茂，片刻之后枯亡。我看到大楼拔地而起，继而消逝，犹如梦中。地球的整个表面都在变化，在我的眼前熔化、流动。我估算我一分钟要穿越数百年的时间。
第4段
I had a strange urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes! I had thought about the risk of stopping the Time Machine many times. So long as I travelled at maximum speed, it didn't matter. But if I stopped and the same space was being occupied by something else, we would be forced together and explode like a bomb! Like an impatient fool, I pulled the lever backwards hard. With a sudden jolt, the Time Machine was flipped on its side, and I was thrown through the air.
我有一种强烈的欲望，想看看眼前那些随机闪现的东西！我已多次考虑过停下时间机器的风险。只要我以最高的速度前进，就不会有什么问题。但是，如果我停下来，同一空间被别的东西占据，我们就会被挤在一起，然后像炸弹一样爆炸！我就像个失去耐心的傻瓜，使劲向后拉了下操纵杆。突然一震，时间机器侧翻了，我被抛向了空中。
第5段
I was stunned for a moment, and then heard the sound of thunder. I was sitting in the rain in some mud next to the machine. "A fine welcome," I said, "for a man who has travelled thousands of years to be here."
我一时惊呆了，然后听到雷声。我坐在雨中的一堆烂泥上，时间机器躺在旁边。"对一个穿越了数千年才来到这里的人来说，这欢迎真是别开生面！"我说道。
二、重点单词
career n.：历程；生涯。the first of all Time Machines began its career
leather adj. / n.：皮革（的）。sat myself in the leather seat
lever n.：操纵杆；杠杆。I pushed the starting lever
panel n.：控制板；仪表盘。the main panel
hazy adj.：模糊的；朦胧的。The laboratory went hazy around me
niece n.：侄女；外甥女。My niece came in to fetch something
handkerchief n.：手帕；纸巾。maybe her handkerchief
rocket n.：火箭。to me she moved like a rocket
wind v.：蜿蜒；缠绕。on a winding road
urge n.：强烈的欲望；冲动。I had a strange urge to look at ...
random adj.：随机的；随意的。the random things
flash v.：闪现；闪光。things that were being flashed
maximum adj.：最大的；最高的。at maximum speed
jolt n.：震动；颠簸。With a sudden jolt
flip v.：（使）翻转。the Time Machine was flipped on its side
stun v.：使震惊；使惊呆。I was stunned for a moment
thunder n.：雷；雷声。the sound of thunder
occupy v.：占据；占用。the same space was being occupied
三、一词多义与熟词生义
career 常见义为"职业、事业"，课文 began its career 中把机器拟人化，意为"开始它的历程、开启运行之旅"。
lever 物理常见义"杠杆"，课文 the starting lever 指时间机器的"操纵杆、启动杆"，是具体操控部件。
panel 常见义"嵌板、面板"，课文 main panel 指控制台上的"主控制板"。
wind 名词常见义"风"，课文 winding road 中作动词/分词，意为"蜿蜒的、弯弯曲曲的"。
rocket 常见义"火箭"，课文 moved like a rocket 用作比喻，意为"快如火箭、迅疾无比"。
flash 常见义"闪光、闪电"，课文 being flashed 指景象在眼前"闪现、掠过"。
occupy 常见义"占领（领土）"，课文 being occupied 指空间"被占据、被占用"。
flip 常见义"轻弹、快速翻动"，课文 was flipped on its side 指机器"侧翻、翻倒"。
四、重点词块
begin one's career 开始某人的历程
give ... a last check 对……做最后检查
sit oneself in 坐进……
push ... forwards / backwards 把……向前/向后推
look around 环顾四周
a minute or so 大约一分钟
draw a breath 吸一口气
grip the lever 抓住操纵杆
go hazy 变得模糊
come in to do 进来做某事
like a rocket 快如火箭
as if 好像；仿佛
turn out 熄灭（灯）
skip to 跃入；跳到
again and again 反复地；一次又一次
it is hard to explain 难以解释
feel like 感觉像
be driven fast 被快速驱动
fall away 坍塌；脱落
as if ... were being done 仿佛……正被……
have an urge to do 有做……的强烈冲动
so long as 只要
at maximum speed 以最高速度
force ... together 把……挤在一起
pull ... backwards hard 用力向后拉
be flipped on its side 侧翻
be thrown through the air 被抛向空中
be stunned 惊呆
a fine welcome 别开生面的欢迎
五、长难句拆解
【原句 1】It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.
【主干】It was at ten o'clock today that ...（强调句型）
【分层】强调句型 "It was + 被强调部分(at ten o'clock today) + that + 其余"。被强调部分是时间状语；主语 the first of all Time Machines，谓语 began its career。
【译文】上午十点，所有时间机器中的第一台开始了它的运行之旅。
【考点】强调句型 It is/was ... that ...（强调时间状语）。
【原句 2】Looking around, I saw my laboratory exactly as before.
【主干】I saw my laboratory.
【分层】Looking around 现在分词作时间/伴随状语；exactly as before 为 as 引导的方式状语从句（省略系动词，完整为 as it had been before）。
【译文】环顾四周，我看到实验室与以前一模一样。
【考点】现在分词作状语；as 方式状语从句（省略形式）。
【原句 3】It is hard to explain the strange and unpleasant feeling of time travelling.
【主干】It is hard to explain ...（it 形式主语）
【分层】It 为形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式 to explain the strange and unpleasant feeling；of time travelling 介词短语作后置定语修饰 feeling。
【译文】时间旅行带来的陌生感和不适感是难以解释的。
【考点】it 作形式主语；不定式作真正主语；of 短语作后置定语。
【原句 4】I saw huge buildings rise up then disappear like in a dream.
【主干】I saw huge buildings rise up then disappear.
【分层】see + 宾语 + 宾语补足语结构，补语为省略 to 的不定式 rise up 与 disappear 并列；like in a dream 介词短语作方式状语。
【译文】我看到大楼拔地而起，继而消逝，犹如梦中。
【考点】see sb./sth. do 结构（不带 to 的不定式作宾补）；并列不定式。
【原句 5】But if I stopped and the same space was being occupied by something else, we would be forced together and explode like a bomb!
【主干】we would be forced together and explode.
【分层】if 引导条件状语从句，含 and 连接的两个分句（I stopped 与 the same space was being occupied）；主句含 would be forced（过去将来时被动）与 explode 并列谓语；like a bomb 方式状语。
【译文】但是，如果我停下来，同一空间被别的东西占据，我们就会被挤在一起，然后像炸弹一样爆炸！
【考点】if 条件状语从句；过去将来时被动 would be forced；并列谓语。
六、语法点清单
1. 强调句型 It was ... that ...
开篇句 It was at ten o'clock today that the first ... began its career，强调动作发生的时间，是本课核心语法（见板块五原句1）。
2. 一般过去时与过去进行时
全文以一般过去时叙述（drew, gripped, came, saw, calculated）；past progressive 如 was being turned out / was being flashed / was being occupied 强调在过去某一刻正在发生的被动动作。
3. 被动语态（含进行时被动态）
a lamp was being turned out；things were being flashed；the same space was being occupied；I was being pushed；the Time Machine was flipped；I was thrown。科幻场景多用被动突出"被时间裹挟"。
4. it 形式主语
It is hard to explain the strange and unpleasant feeling of time travelling。真正主语为不定式短语，避免头重脚轻。
5. 非谓语动词
现在分词作状语：Looking around；melting and flowing（伴随）。不带 to 的不定式作宾补：see ... rise up then disappear。
6. as / as if 引导从句
as before（方式）；as if a lamp was being turned out；as if they were being thrown（仿佛，后接进行时被动态）。
7. 条件状语从句 if / so long as
So long as I travelled at maximum speed, it didn't matter；But if I stopped ...。注意主句用过去将来时 would be forced。
8. 过去将来时
we would be forced together and explode。表示从过去视角看将来（若停车）会发生的结果。
9. With 复合结构
With a sudden jolt, the Time Machine was flipped ...。with + 名词作状语，交代伴随状况。
七、逻辑链
启程（第1段）：强调"十点整"，第一台时间机器启动；主人公坐入、推动操纵杆，发现时钟已跳跃（十点零一→三点半）
↓
加速（第2段）：再推操纵杆，实验室模糊；侄女如火箭般闪过，昼夜快速交替、越来越快
↓
飞跃（第3段）：时间旅行的奇异感受；景物如烟生长、大楼如梦生灭，地表在眼前不断熔化流动
↓
风险（第4段）：想细看闪现之物；思及停车风险（空间重叠将爆炸），急拉操纵杆致侧翻
↓
着陆（第5段）：惊魂未定闻雷声，坠入雨中泥泞，以自嘲"别开生面的欢迎"收尾
这是一篇"出发—加速—飞跃—失控—着陆"的科幻冒险节选：第1段用强调句型锁定启程时刻，制造悬念；第2—3段是核心，用大量被动进行时态（was being turned out / pushed / changed）渲染时间被"外力裹挟"的奇异感；第4—5段由"想停下"的贪念引出失控与狼狈着陆，形成完整的冒险弧线。开篇强调句与通篇被动语态是语言上的最大特色。
八、写作迁移
模板 1：It was at ... that ...（强调句型）
课文：It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.
仿写：It was at midnight that the strange noise woke me up.（正是午夜时分，那奇怪的声响把我惊醒。）——用于强调动作发生的时间。
模板 2：Looking around, I saw ... exactly as before.
课文：Looking around, I saw my laboratory exactly as before.
仿写：Looking around, I saw the classroom exactly as before.（环顾四周，我看到教室一如从前。）——现在分词作伴随状语，描写环视所见。
模板 3：It is hard to explain the ... feeling of ...
课文：It is hard to explain the strange and unpleasant feeling of time travelling.
仿写：It is hard to explain the joy of returning home after years abroad.（难以解释旅居多年后回家的喜悦。）——it 形式主语，引出难以言说的感受。
模板 4：So long as ..., it didn't matter. But if ..., we would be forced ...
课文：So long as I travelled at maximum speed, it didn't matter. But if I stopped ..., we would be forced together and explode.
仿写：So long as we kept moving, it didn't matter. But if we stopped, we would be caught in the rain.（只要继续前进就没事；可一旦停下，我们就会被雨淋。）——条件句叠加，写"继续/停止"的两种后果。
模板 5：With a sudden jolt, ... was flipped ..., and ... was thrown ...
课文：With a sudden jolt, the Time Machine was flipped on its side, and I was thrown through the air.
仿写：With a sudden jolt, the car was flipped on its side, and he was thrown through the air.（猛地一震，汽车侧翻，他被甩向空中。）——with 复合结构交代突发状况，连续两个被动句增强画面冲击。
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