Reading and Thinking 课文精读 · 一次成功的失败经历
一、课文原文及逐段翻译
第1段
Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance in 1914. Shackleton was one of the most famous explorers of his day and it was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions. Below are some of Blackborow's diary entries.
珀西·布莱克博罗于1914年加入欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士的“坚忍”号轮船南极探险之旅。沙克尔顿是他那个时代最负盛名的探险家，加入他的探险活动被认为是一种巨大的荣耀。下面是布莱克博罗的一些日记。
第2段
31 October 1914 Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition. An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton — this is the adventure that I have been dreaming of. And I was ready for it. At the age of 19, I am fit and full of vigour. However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified. But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard. Unfortunately, three days after we set off I was discovered. Shackleton did not want to turn back so he offered me a job, but only after he promised me, "If anyone has to be eaten, then you will be the first!" He assigned me to be a steward, and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men, three times a day. How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to!
1914年10月31日 好吧，碰巧有一天早上我买了一份报纸，看了一则关于南极探险队的广告。同伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士去南极探险——这是我梦寐以求的冒险。我已经准备好了。19岁的时候，我身体健康而且精力充沛。然而，当我申请加入探险队时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不够资格。但我对与他们同行的想法如此热衷，于是我偷偷地上了“坚忍”号轮船，藏在一个小橱里。不幸的是，我们出发三天后，我被发现了。沙克尔顿不想掉头返航，所以他给我提供了一份工作，但前提是他先向我保证：“如果有人要被吃掉，那你就是第一个！”他让我当一名服务员，我现在一天做三顿饭，供二十八个人吃。当我回来告诉他们我去过的那些奇妙的地方时，每个人都会羡慕我！
第3段
21 November 1915 The journey has not been easy. Endurance became stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica. The ice froze around us and we were well and truly stuck! We saw the ship get crushed by the ice. And when the ship sank, our hearts sank with it.
1915年11月21日 这段旅程并不轻松。正当我们接近南极时，“坚忍”号被海上的浮冰卡住了。冰在我们周围冻结，我们确确实实被困住了！我们看到船被冰挤碎了。当船沉没时，我们的心也随之沉了下去。
第4段
Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies — the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes, and blankets. This was no time to panic. We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings, and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold. But to our surprise, he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo. Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up.
在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把我们召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救出最基本的给养——小船、食物、炉子、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。现在不是恐慌的时候。我们不被允许带走大部分私人物品，沙克尔顿自己也扔掉了所有的金子。但令我们惊讶的是，他允许赫西留着他的班卓琴。赫西经常弹它来使我们精神振奋。
第5段
We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive, but spring is coming, and the ice will soon begin to melt.
我们现在在冰上扎营，我们一直在设法生存，但春天即将来临，冰很快就要开始融化了。
第6段
20 May 1916 We have been struggling for days, but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse. We are now crowded together under one of our boats on the rock shore of this miserable place. Soon after we arrived, Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island, 1,320 kilometres away — the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats. If Shackleton fails, will we have any hope of rescue? No. No navy in the world ever stops at Elephant Island, and no one else knows that we are here.
1916年5月20日 我们已经苦苦挣扎了好几天，但是大象岛上的情况越来越糟。我们现在挤在一条小船下面，在这个凄惨之地的岩石海岸上。我们到达后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们去1320公里外的南乔治亚岛求援——这段航程太危险、太艰难，我们所有人都无法乘小船上路。如果沙克尔顿失败了，我们还有获救的希望吗？没有。世界上没有任何一支海军会在大象岛停留，也没有其他人知道我们在这里。
第7段
I feel low. It's cold and windy. The island has no plants. Sometimes we are able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat. Otherwise, there is no food. I try to think of happier things: decent food, warm and dry clothes, a cosy bedroom, sunny days and my mother's face. However, these happy memories are soon interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air.
我感到情绪低落。天气寒冷，还刮着风。岛上没有任何植物。有时我们能抓到海豹或企鹅来吃。除此之外，就没有食物了。我努力去想一些更快乐的事：像样的食物、温暖干爽的衣服、舒适的卧室、阳光灿烂的日子，还有母亲的脸庞。然而，这些快乐的回忆很快就被一阵突如其来的冷空气打断了。
第8段
I shouted, "Shut the door!" "Hold on now, Perce. Don't you go turning into another Tom," came the reply. "We've caught another penguin, so it's penguin soup tonight!"
我大喊：“关上门！”“坚持住，珀西。你不要变成另一个汤姆。”传来回答的声音，“我们又抓到一只企鹅，所以今晚是企鹅汤！”
第9段
Bless Frank Wild, the kindest man there is after our leader Ernest Shackleton. How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees!
保佑弗兰克·怀尔德，他是我们的领袖欧内斯特·沙克尔顿之后最善良的人。我怎么会变得像托马斯·奥德利斯那样自私又脾气暴躁！
第10段
Without Frank and Ernest, we'd all be dead by now. Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope.
如果没有弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们到现在都死了。他们对他人的真诚关怀、他们的毅力以及他们的决心，让我充满了希望。
第11段
Perhaps there is a chance we will return home, after all.
毕竟，我们还是有机会回家的。
二、重点单词
expedition n.：探险；远征（队）。Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton.
explorer n.：探险家；勘探者。Shackleton was one of the most famous explorers of his day.
honour n.：荣誉；荣幸。it was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions.
advertisement n.：广告；启事。I read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
vigour n.：活力；精力。At the age of 19, I am fit and full of vigour.
enthusiastic adj.：热情的；热心的。I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them.
aboard adv. / prep.：在（船、飞机等）上。I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance.
steward n.：乘务员；服务员。He assigned me to be a steward.
abandon v.：离弃；放弃；抛弃。Before we abandoned the ship.
essential adj.：必不可少的；基本的。our most essential supplies.
banjo n.：班卓琴（一种弦乐器）。he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo.
miserable adj.：悲惨的；痛苦的。this miserable place.
penguin n.：企鹅。catch a seal or a penguin to eat.
perseverance n.：毅力；坚持不懈。their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope.
resolve n.：决心；决意。their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope.
genuine adj.：真诚的；真正的。Their genuine concern for others.
三、一词多义与熟词生义
honour 常见义为"尊敬、敬意"，课文 it was considered a great honour 中作"荣幸、荣耀"，且常用于 it is an honour to do 结构，强调一种值得骄傲的身份。
resolve 常作动词"解决、决定"，课文中 their resolve 作名词，意为"决心、决意"，与 perseverance 并列，指坚持下去的意志。
genuine 常见义为"真正的、非伪造的"（genuine leather 真皮），课文 Their genuine concern 引申为"真诚的、衷心的"，修饰对他人的情感。
steward 常见义为"（飞机/轮船）乘务员"，课文 He assigned me to be a steward 指船上的"服务员/伙食管理员"，呼应后文 serve meals（供应饭菜）。
enthusiastic 意为"热情的"，课文用于 be enthusiastic about 结构，表"对……极感兴趣、热衷"，后接名词或动名词。
abandon 带明显贬义"抛弃、遗弃"，课文 Before we abandoned the ship 指遇险时为求生而"弃船"，为中性叙述动作。
aboard 常作介词"在……上（交通工具）"，课文 went aboard his ship 强调"登上（船）"这一动作，作状语修饰 went。
四、重点词块
join an expedition 参加探险（队）
a great honour 巨大的荣耀
be part of his expeditions 成为他探险队的一员
at the age of 19 在19岁时
fit and full of vigour 身体健康、精力充沛
turn sb down 拒绝某人
be qualified 合格的；够资格的
be enthusiastic about 对……充满热情
go aboard 登上（船等）
set off 出发；动身
offer sb a job 给某人提供一份工作
assign sb to be 指派某人当……
serve meals 供应饭菜；上菜
become stuck in 被困在……中
get crushed by 被……压碎／挤坏
our hearts sank 我们的心沉了下去（心灰意冷）
abandon the ship 弃船
call sb together 把某人召集到一起
to our surprise 令我们惊讶的是
keep one's spirits up 使某人精神振奋
go from bad to worse 越来越糟；每况愈下
crowded together 挤在一起
find help 求援；寻找帮助
catch a seal or a penguin 抓海豹或企鹅
think of happier things 回想快乐的事
after all 毕竟；终究
五、长难句拆解
【原句 1】Shackleton was one of the most famous explorers of his day and it was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions.
【主干】Shackleton was one of the most famous explorers and it was considered a great honour.
【分层】of his day 为介词短语作后置定语修饰 explorers；and 连接两个并列分句；第二分句中 it 为形式主语，真正主语是不定式 to be part of his expeditions，谓语为被动语态 was considered。
【译文】沙克尔顿是他那个时代最负盛名的探险家，加入他的探险活动被认为是一种巨大的荣耀。
【考点】形式主语 it + 不定式；被动语态；one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词。
【原句 2】But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard.
【主干】I was so enthusiastic that I went aboard... and hid.
【分层】so ... that 引导结果状语从句；about the idea of going along 为介词短语作状语，其中 of going 为动名词作定语；went aboard his ship 后接 the Endurance 作同位语；and 连接 hid 与 went 构成并列谓语。
【译文】但我对与他们同行的想法如此热衷，于是我偷偷地上了“坚忍”号轮船，藏在一个小橱里。
【考点】so ... that 结果状语从句；同位语；并列谓语。
【原句 3】Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies — the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes, and blankets.
【主干】Shackleton called us together and told us to rescue supplies.
【分层】Before 引导时间状语从句；calmly 副词修饰 called；and 连接 called 与 told 两个并列谓语；to rescue ... 为不定式作宾补；破折号后 the small boats ... 为 supplies 的同位语，列举具体物资。
【译文】在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把我们召集在一起，告诉我们要抢救出最基本的给养——小船、食物、炉子、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。
【考点】before 时间状语从句；tell sb to do 宾补；同位语列举。
【原句 4】Soon after we arrived, Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island, 1,320 kilometres away — the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats.
【主干】Shackleton left us to find help.
【分层】Soon after 引导时间状语从句；to find help 为不定式表目的；on South Georgia Island 地点状语；1,320 kilometres away 作后置定语修饰 island；破折号后含 too ... for sb to do 结构，it 指代 the voyage（make it 意为"完成航程"）。
【译文】我们到达后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们去1320公里外的南乔治亚岛求援——这段航程太危险、太艰难，我们所有人都无法乘小船上路。
【考点】too ... for sb to do 结构；不定式作目的状语；后置定语。
【原句 5】Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope.
【主干】concern, perseverance, and resolve fill me with hope.
【分层】三个并列名词短语作主语（Their genuine concern / their perseverance / their resolve）；concern 后接 for others 介词短语作后置定语；fill sb with sth 为"使某人充满……"结构。
【译文】他们对他人的真诚关怀、他们的毅力以及他们的决心，让我充满了希望。
【考点】并列主语；fill sb with sth 结构；介词短语后置定语。
六、语法点清单
1. 一般过去时叙述过去经历
全文以一般过去时讲述1914—1916年的探险往事（joined, was, thought, turned, went, hid, was discovered, offered, assigned, became, sank, called 等），是人物/事件记叙的时态骨架。
2. 现在完成进行时表日记"当下"
we have been managing to survive；We have been struggling for days。日记体以"写日记那一刻"为现在，用 have been doing 强调动作从过去持续到现在。
3. 并列句与并列结构（and / but / or）
文中大量 and/but 连接动作与转折，如 Shackleton did not want to turn back so he offered me a job, but only after he promised me...；多个名词并列（concern, perseverance, resolve）作主语。
4. 同位语
the Endurance 解释 his ship；the small boats, our food ... 列举解释 supplies；Frank Wild, the kindest man ... 解释人物身份。
5. 结果状语从句（so ... that）
I was so enthusiastic about the idea ... that I secretly went aboard his ship. so ... that 强调"热衷"的程度导致"偷渡"的结果。
6. 直接引语与倒装
"If anyone has to be eaten, then you will be the first!"；"Shut the door!"；came the reply 为谓语前置的倒装，表示"传来回答"。
7. 形式主语 it + 不定式
it was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions，it 代替后面的不定式短语作形式主语。
8. 非谓语动词（不定式 / 动名词）
to be part of ...（主语）；the idea of going along（动名词作定语）；to keep our spirits up（目的）；to find help（目的）。
七、逻辑链
引子（第1段）：布莱克博罗加入沙克尔顿南极探险，以日记体开篇
↓
开端（第2段·1914.10.31）：读广告→梦想成真→被拒→偷渡上船→被发现后当伙夫
↓
发展（第3—5段·1915.11.21）：“坚忍”号被困浮冰、被挤沉→弃船抢救物资→冰上扎营求生
↓
转折（第6段·1916.5.20）：登陆大象岛，情况恶化→沙克尔顿离岛求援，存亡未卜
↓
困境与支撑（第7—10段）：饥寒交迫、思念家乡→同伴鼓励→感念弗兰克与欧内斯特的真诚、毅力与决心
↓
余音（第11段）：毕竟仍有回家的一线希望
这是一篇"日记体人物叙事"。第1段总起，交代背景；第2段以"被拒—偷渡—获职"凸显少年热忱与沙克尔顿的幽默与威严；第3—5段是探险由盛转衰的转折点（船毁）；第6—11段聚焦滞留象岛的煎熬与精神支撑，最终以"希望"收束，呼应标题 a successful failure——物质上失败，精神上成功。
八、写作迁移
模板 1：It was considered a great honour to be part of ...
课文：it was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions.
仿写：It was considered a great honour to be part of the volunteer team.（加入志愿者团队被认为是一种巨大的荣耀。）——用于表达"成为其中一员很光荣"。
模板 2：At the age of 19, I am fit and full of vigour.
课文：At the age of 19, I am fit and full of vigour.
仿写：At the age of 18, he was fit and full of vigour, ready for the challenge.（18岁时他身体健康、精力充沛，准备好迎接挑战。）——用于人物自我介绍或开篇。
模板 3：But I was so enthusiastic about ... that I ...
课文：But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship.
仿写：But she was so enthusiastic about the project that she worked late every night.（但他对这个项目如此热衷，以至于每晚都工作到很晚。）——用于 so ... that 结果状语从句。
模板 4：Before we abandoned ..., ... calmly called us together and told us to ...
课文：Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies.
仿写：Before the storm hit, the captain calmly called the crew together and told them to secure the deck.（风暴来临前，船长镇定地把船员召集起来，吩咐他们加固甲板。）——用于描写危机前的镇定指挥。
模板 5：Their ..., their ..., and their ... fill me with hope.
课文：Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope.
仿写：Their kindness, their patience, and their encouragement fill me with confidence.（他们的善良、他们的耐心和他们的鼓励，让我充满了信心。）——用于并列名词主语 + fill sb with 的抒情收尾。
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