一、课文原文及逐段翻译
Reading for Writing · A Travel Plan to Xi'an & TERRACOTTA ARMY 西安旅行计划（邮件）+ 兵马俑（宣传短文）
邮件原文：Dear Xiao Li, My time here in China is going well. I love my new school and classmates. Over the October holiday, my parents and I are planning to go to Xi'an to see the Terracotta Army. I've heard that it is an amazing sight, and I can't wait to go. To me, the story of the Terracotta Army is almost unbelievable. It's amazing that there are more than 8,000 statues, and no one in modern times knew about them until the 1970s.
译文：亲爱的小李：我在中国一切都好。我喜欢我的新学校和新同学。十一放假期间，我和父母打算去西安参观兵马俑。我听说兵马俑是一个令人惊叹的景点，我已经迫不及待了。对我来说，兵马俑的故事简直令人难以置信。那里有8000多座俑像，直到20世纪70年代才为人所知，想想这一切，真是非常神奇。
行程原文：We're also planning to visit several other places in Xi'an. My dad and I are both looking forward to going to the Shaanxi History Museum, because my dad loves history and I have heard that this museum is known as a "Chinese treasure house"! We're also going to the Xi'an City Wall and a few other famous sights.
译文：我们还计划去游览西安的其他景点。爸爸和我都期待着参观陕西历史博物馆，因为我爸爸热爱历史，而我听说这家博物馆被誉为"中国宝库"！我们还打算游览西安古城墙和其他一些著名的景点。
交通原文：We're taking the train, leaving the day before the October holiday begins. We're arriving at 9:30 a.m. and will start sightseeing right away, so I hope we sleep well on the train!
译文：我们打算坐火车，在十一假期开始的前一天出发。上午9：30到达到西安之后，我们马上开始观光，但愿我们能在火车上睡个好觉！
结尾原文：I guess that's all for now! I'll write again soon and send photos! Do you have any plans for the coming holiday? Hope to hear from you soon. Your friend, Richard
译文：我想今天就写到这里吧！我很快会再给你写信和发照片的！你对即将到来的假期有什么安排吗？希望收到你的来信。你的朋友，理查德
兵马俑短文原文：Come and see the Terracotta Army: more than 8,000 statues were made in the third century BCE to guard the tomb of the Chinese Emperor Qinshihuang! Each statue has a different face, leading researchers to believe that each one is a copy of a real soldier. The statues fill only one part of the emperor's huge tomb, which still has not been completely unearthed. More than 700,000 people worked for nearly 40 years to build this tomb. However, no one in modern times knew about the tomb or the terracotta statues until 1974, when some farmers discovered the tomb while they were digging a well!
译文：来参观兵马俑吧：公元前三世纪制作的8000多座俑像，守护着中国秦始皇的陵墓！每个俑像的相貌都不相同，这让研究人员认为每座俑像都是一名真实士兵的形象。这些俑像只是秦始皇巨大陵墓的一部分，而整座陵墓尚未完全发掘。当时，70多万人花了近40年时间才建成这座陵墓。然而，直到1974年几位农民打井时（无意）发现了这座陵墓，现代人才知道这座皇墓！
二、重点单词
sight 名词：景象、名胜；也可指"视力"。课文原句 "an amazing sight."
unbelievable 形容词：难以置信的，源自 believe。课文原句 "almost unbelievable."
statue 名词：雕像、塑像。课文原句 "more than 8,000 statues."
treasure 名词：宝藏、珍宝。课文原句 "a 'Chinese treasure house'."
tomb 名词：坟墓、陵墓。课文原句 "the tomb of ... Qinshihuang."
unearthed 形容词/过去分词：被发掘的，源自 earth。课文原句 "has not been completely unearthed."
dig 动词：挖、掘，过去式 dug。课文原句 "digging a well."
well 名词：井；也可作副词"好"。课文原句 "digging a well" 中取名词"井"。
sightseeing 名词：观光、游览。课文原句 "start sightseeing right away."
Emperor 名词：皇帝。课文原句 "Chinese Emperor Qinshihuang."
三、一词多义与熟词生义
sight 常见义"视力、视野"，课文中 "an amazing sight" 指"令人惊叹的景观/名胜"，旅游高频词。
well 常见义副词"好"，课文中 "digging a well" 作名词"水井"，属熟词生义。
copy 常见义动词"复制"，课文中 "a copy of a real soldier" 作名词"复制品、翻版"。
guard 常见义动词"守卫、保卫"，课文中 "to guard the tomb" 即"守护（陵墓）"。
treasure 常见义动词"珍爱"，课文中作名词"珍宝"，treasure house 即"宝库"。
fill 常见义"填满"，课文中 "fill only one part of ... tomb" 表示"只占……的一部分"，强调规模之大。
四、重点词块
邮件/行程块
go well（进展顺利）、plan to do（计划做）、can't wait to do（迫不及待做）、hear that（听说……）、look forward to（期待，to 为介词）、be known as（被誉为/作为……而闻名）、right away（立刻）、hear from（收到……的来信）、over the October holiday（十一假期期间）。
兵马俑块
more than（超过）、be made in（制作于……年代）、guard the tomb（守护陵墓）、lead sb to believe（使某人相信）、a copy of（……的复制品）、work for ... years（花……年做）、not ... until（直到……才）、dig a well（挖井）。
语篇衔接
also（也）、because（因为）、so（所以）、however（然而）、when（当……时）。邮件用"寒暄—计划—交通—结尾问好"四段式，是书信范本；兵马俑短文用"号召—规模—建造—发现"说明顺序。
五、长难句拆解
【原句】It's amazing that there are more than 8,000 statues, and no one in modern times knew about them until the 1970s.
【主干】It's amazing (that ...) and no one knew ...
【分层】It 形式主语，that 从句为真正主语；and 连接并列句；no one ... until the 1970s 含 not ... until 结构。
【翻译】那里有8000多座俑像，直到20世纪70年代现代人才知道它们，想想真神奇。
【考点】It is + adj + that 主语从句；not ... until 句型。
【原句】Each statue has a different face, leading researchers to believe that each one is a copy of a real soldier.
【主干】Each statue has a face, leading ...
【分层】leading researchers to believe ... 现在分词作结果状语；that 引导 believe 的宾语从句。
【翻译】每座俑像相貌都不相同，这让研究人员相信每座都是真实士兵的复制品。
【考点】现在分词 leading 作结果状语；that 宾语从句。
【原句】The statues fill only one part of the emperor's huge tomb, which still has not been completely unearthed.
【主干】The statues fill one part ...
【分层】which 引导非限制性定语从句修饰 tomb，从句用现在完成时被动。
【翻译】这些俑像只占皇帝巨大陵墓的一部分，而整座陵墓尚未完全发掘。
【考点】非限制性定语从句；现在完成时被动。
【原句】However, no one in modern times knew about the tomb or the terracotta statues until 1974, when some farmers discovered the tomb while they were digging a well!
【主干】no one knew ... until 1974
【分层】until 1974 时间状语；when 引导定语从句修饰 1974；while they were digging a well 时间状语从句。
【翻译】然而直到1974年几位农民打井时发现了这座陵墓，现代人才知道它。
【考点】not ... until；when 定语从句；while 时间状从。
六、语法点清单
形式主语句：It's amazing that ...，It 占位，that 从句作真主语。
not ... until：no one knew ... until the 1970s / until 1974，强调"直到……才"。
非谓语：leading ...（现在分词结果状语）、digging a well（现在分词时间状从）、to guard（不定式目的状语）、to believe（不定式宾语）。
定语从句：which ...（非限制性）、when ...（定语修饰 1974）。
介词 to：look forward to + doing，to 为介词，后接动名词。归拢后：形式主语 + not until + 现在分词结果状语，是这篇的三条语法主线。
七、逻辑链
邮件·寒暄（开头）：My time here is going well 先报平安，建立轻松基调。
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邮件·核心计划：用 can't wait to 表达对兵马俑的期待，并以 almost unbelievable + 数字（8000+，until 1970s）制造震撼。
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邮件·扩展行程：also planning 引出博物馆（known as "treasure house"）与古城墙，用 because 解释爸爸的动机。
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邮件·交通与结尾：taking the train + arriving 9:30 + right away 体现行程紧凑；结尾以问句 Do you have any plans 自然收束并回问，是邮件往来的礼貌闭环。
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兵马俑短文：Come and see（号召）→ 规模（8000+，guard tomb）→ 建造（70万人/40年）→ 发现（1974 farmers digging a well）。与邮件中的兵马俑呼应，形成"个人叙事 + 客观说明"的双文本结构。
八、写作迁移
模板一：I can't wait to ...
课文句：I can't wait to go. / We're looking forward to going to ...
仿写：I can't wait to visit the Great Wall next week.（我迫不及待想下周去参观长城。）——游记/邮件表达期待。
模板二：It's amazing that ...
课文句：It's amazing that there are more than 8,000 statues.
仿写：It's amazing that this small town has a history of over 1,000 years.（这座小镇有超过千年历史，真令人惊叹。）——用于写景、写史。
模板三：no one ... until ...
课文句：no one knew about them until the 1970s.
仿写：No one noticed the mistake until the exam was over.（直到考试结束才有人注意到这个错误。）——强调时间节点，叙事常用。
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