近7年高考英语真题 阅读D篇中出现高频词、熟词生义、同义替换汇编以及原文句式解析

本资料精选2021—2026年高考英语阅读D篇共二十三篇,逐篇提炼四大核心内容:高频高级词、熟词生义、同义替换、句式解析。词汇部分标注音标与释义,熟词生义聚焦常见词在语境中的特殊含义,同义替换梳理题目与原文的对应表达,句式部分附语法分析与译文,前文已出现的句式不再重复。全书按年份与卷别编排,保留原篇标题,便于对照真题使用,是提升阅读速度、积累写作句式、攻克长难句的实用精读材料。文末可下载此文word版。

(一)2026年6月高考英语全国1卷-阅读D篇

高频高级词

cognitive /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ adj. 认知的
conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ v. 进行,实施
compare /kəmˈpeə/ v. 比较
merely /ˈmɪəli/ adv. 仅仅,只不过
randomly /ˈrændəmli/ adv. 随机地
rate /reɪt/ v. 评估,打分
abstract /ˈæbstrækt/ adj. 抽象的
transformative /trænsˈfɔːmətɪv/ adj. 转化性的
self-transcendent /ˌself trænˈsendənt/ adj. 自我超越的
enlightened /ɪnˈlaɪtnd/ adj. 受启发的
engagement /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/ n. 投入,参与
positivity /ˌpɒzəˈtɪvəti/ n. 积极性,正面情绪
concrete /ˈkɒŋkriːt/ adj. 具体的
zone out 走神,放空
initiate /ɪˈnɪʃieɪt/ v. 启动,引发

熟词生义

conduct:常见义“行为、举止”,文中义“进行,实施”
rate:常见义“比率、速度”,文中义“评估,打分”
abstract:常见义“摘要”,文中义“抽象的”
concrete:常见义“混凝土”,文中义“具体的”
engagement:常见义“订婚”,文中义“投入,参与”

同义替换

rate → give a rating(评估,打分)
abstract thinking → thinking in an abstract way(抽象思维)
merely seeing art → just looking at art(仅仅观看艺术)
actively judging → actively considering and rating(主动判断)
engagement with beauty → involvement with beauty(对美的投入)
positivity → positive feelings(积极情绪)
initiate → start(启动)

句式

those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group
(比较级 + 百分数 + than 比较状语从句)
译文:美组的平均得分比对照组高出近14%。

suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience
(现在分词作结果状语 + that 宾语从句 + 强调句 + rather than 对比)
译文:这表明影响抽象思维的是对美的投入,而不是这种体验带来的任何整体积极情绪。

It's becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander
(形式主语 it + 不定式作真正主语 + let sb. do)
译文:走神、让思绪自由漫游变得越来越少见了。

(二)2026年6月高考英语全国2卷-阅读D篇

高频高级词

pull into 驶入,进站
slide open 滑开
pour out 涌出
burst /bɜːst/ n. 一阵,一股
package /ˈpækɪdʒ/ n. 一整套
tackle /ˈtækl/ v. 应对,解决
shift /ʃɪft/ n. 转变,转型
brake /breɪk/ n. 刹车,制动器
remainder /rɪˈmeɪndə/ n. 剩余部分
snake /sneɪk/ v. 蜿蜒前行
cable /ˈkeɪbl/ n. 电缆
plug-in station 充电桩
regenerative /rɪˈdʒenərətɪv/ adj. 再生的
conventional /kənˈvenʃnl/ adj. 传统的
accelerate /əkˈseləreɪt/ v. 加速
innovative /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/ adj. 创新的
redirect /ˌriːdəˈrekt/ v. 重新引导
boost /buːst/ v. 提高,促进
efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/ n. 效率

熟词生义

power:常见义“力量、权力”,文中义“为……供电”
snake:常见义“蛇”,文中义“蜿蜒前行”
burst:常见义“爆发”,文中义“一阵,一股”
plug:常见义“插头”,文中义“plug-in 可插电的”
case:常见义“箱子、案例”,文中义“in the case of 就……而言”

同义替换

tackle climate change → deal with climate change(应对气候变化)
go greener → become more environmentally friendly(变得更环保)
shift to → change to(转向)
remainder → the rest(剩余部分)
power → supply electricity for(为……供电)
innovative → creative(创新的)
boost efficiency → improve efficiency(提高效率)
redirect → send to a new place(重新引导)

句式

Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level
(否定词 Little 置句首的部分倒装 + that 宾语从句 + as 时间状语从句 + 被动语态)
译文:他们几乎不知道,就在他们出站的同时,一股能量被输送到地面街道。

whereby the energy from the underground trains' brakes is used to power the trains
(whereby 引导定语从句 + 被动语态 + be used to do)
译文:通过该项目,地下列车刹车产生的能量被用来为列车供电。

the remainder is sent snaking through cables to the surface
(send + 宾语 + doing 结构)
译文:剩余的能量则通过电缆蜿蜒输送到地面。

the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses
(in so far as 引导状语从句 + allow for + 被动不定式)
译文:该系统的创新之处在于,它能让回收的能量被重新引导到特定的本地用途上。

(三)2026年1月浙江省首考英语卷-阅读D篇

高频高级词

carbon removal 碳移除
crucial /ˈkruːʃl/ adj. 至关重要的
capacity /kəˈpæsəti/ n. 能力
absorb /əbˈzɔːb/ v. 吸收
enhance /ɪnˈhɑːns/ v. 增强
optimization /ˌɒptɪmaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. 优化
extend /ɪkˈstend/ v. 延长
duration /djuˈreɪʃn/ n. 持续时间
track /træk/ v. 追踪
multiple /ˈmʌltɪpl/ adj. 多种的
initially /ɪˈnɪʃəli/ adv. 最初
apply /əˈplaɪ/ v. 应用
establish /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/ v. 建立
procedure /prəˈsiːdʒə/ n. 程序,流程
analyze /ˈænəlaɪz/ v. 分析
extensive /ɪkˈstensɪv/ adj. 广泛的
catalog /ˈkætəlɒɡ/ n. 目录
associate /əˈsəʊʃieɪt/ v. 关联
determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ v. 决定
beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/ adj. 有益的
discipline /ˈdɪsəplɪn/ n. 学科
footing /ˈfʊtɪŋ/ n. 地位,基础

熟词生义

capacity:常见义“容量”,文中义“能力”
track:常见义“轨道”,文中义“追踪”
discipline:常见义“纪律”,文中义“学科”
footing:常见义“立足点”,文中义“on equal footing 处于平等地位”
parts:常见义“部分”,文中义“the sum of its parts 各部分之和”

同义替换

carbon removal → removing carbon(碳移除)
crucial → very important(至关重要的)
capacity → ability(能力)
enhance → improve(增强)
optimization → making something better(优化)
extend → lengthen(延长)
multiple → many(多种的)
initially → at first(最初)
apply A to B → use A for B(将A应用于B)
establish → set up(建立)
procedure → process(流程)
beneficial → helpful(有益的)

句式

Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement
(过去分词短语作状语 + 被动语态 + be designed to do)
译文:SLEAP由索尔克研究所研究员塔尔莫·佩雷拉创建,最初是为追踪实验室中动物的运动而设计的。

tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process
(动名词作主语 + that 定语从句)
译文:追踪植物和动物的物理特征需要大量人力,拖慢了科学进程。

tracking these characteristics helps scientists find genes associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently
(动名词作主语 + help sb. do + 过去分词作后置定语 + as well as 并列 + whether 宾语从句 + 被动语态)
译文:追踪这些特征有助于科学家找到与这些特征相关的基因,以及判断多个根系特征是由相同基因决定还是各自独立决定的。

we're really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts
(put... on equal footing + in order to + 比较级 + the sum of its parts)
译文:我们真正将它们置于平等的地位,以创造出大于各部分简单相加的成果。

(四)2025年6月高考英语全国1卷-阅读D篇

高频高级词

microplastic /ˌmaɪkrəʊˈplæstɪk/ n. 微塑料
settle /ˈsetl/ v. 沉积
source /sɔːs/ n. 来源
pollution /pəˈluːʃn/ n. 污染
measure /ˈmeʒə/ n. 措施
significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ adv. 显著地
filter /ˈfɪltə/ v. 过滤
publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/ v. 发表
remove /rɪˈmuːv/ v. 去除
crucially /ˈkruːʃəli/ adv. 关键地
rely /rɪˈlaɪ/ v. 依赖
contain /kənˈteɪn/ v. 含有
trap /træp/ v. 捕获
sample /ˈsɑːmpl/ n. 样本
additionally /əˈdɪʃənəli/ adv. 此外
focus /ˈfəʊkəs/ v. 集中
potential /pəˈtenʃl/ adj. 潜在的
exposure /ɪkˈspəʊʒə/ n. 暴露
increasingly /ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli/ adv. 越来越
determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ v. 确定
harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ adj. 有害的
concern /kənˈsɜːn/ n. 担忧
intake /ˈɪnteɪk/ n. 摄入量
demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ v. 展示
involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ v. 参与
upgrade /ˌʌpˈɡreɪd/ v. 升级
treatment /ˈtriːtmənt/ n. 处理

熟词生义

settle:常见义“定居、解决”,文中义“沉积”
measure:常见义“测量”,文中义“措施”
trap:常见义“陷阱”,文中义“捕获”
drop:常见义“掉落”,文中义“下降,减少”
path:常见义“小路”,文中义“途径,道路”
raise:常见义“举起、抚养”,文中义“引发”
treatment:常见义“治疗”,文中义“处理”
hard:常见义“困难的”,文中义“hard water 硬水”

同义替换

microplastics → tiny plastic particles(微塑料)
settle in → accumulate in(沉积于)
measure → method(措施)
significantly reduce → greatly lower(显著降低)
filter → strain(过滤)
remove → get rid of(去除)
rely on → depend on(依赖)
trap → catch(捕获)
potential path forward → possible way ahead(潜在的前进道路)
exposure → contact(暴露)
intake → consumption(摄入量)
upgrade → improve(升级)

句式

In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics
(过去分词作后置定语 + that 宾语从句 + 动名词作主语)
译文:在周三发表于《环境科学与技术快报》的一项研究中,中国研究人员发现,将自来水煮沸仅五分钟可以去除其中至少80%的微塑料。

Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate to trap the plastics
(rely on + 宾语 + doing 结构 + 不定式作目的状语)
译文:关键在于,这一过程依赖于水中含有足够的碳酸钙来捕获塑料颗粒。

Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought
(插入语 + 倍数比较 + than 比较状语从句的省略)
译文:科学家今年早些时候发现,甚至连瓶装水所含的微塑料都比原先认为的多10到1000倍。

The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice
(the way + 省略关系词的定语从句 + how 宾语从句 + 被动语态)
译文:他们展示微塑料在煮沸过程中如何被捕获的方式很好。

(五)2025年6月高考英语全国2卷-阅读D篇

高频高级词

throw away 扔掉
unused /ˌʌnˈjuːzd/ adj. 未使用的
starve /stɑːv/ v. 挨饿
reminder /rɪˈmaɪndə/ n. 提醒
concern /kənˈsɜːn/ n. 关注的问题
supply chain 供应链
campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ n. 运动,活动
exclusively /ɪkˈskluːsɪvli/ adv. 专门地
otherwise /ˈʌðəwaɪz/ adv. 否则
tailor-made /ˌteɪləˈmeɪd/ adj. 量身定制的
awareness /əˈweənəs/ n. 意识
regarding /rɪˈɡɑːdɪŋ/ prep. 关于
determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ v. 确定
generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ v. 产生
revenue /ˈrevənjuː/ n. 收入
donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ v. 捐赠
recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ v. 回收利用
experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ v. 尝试
concept /ˈkɒnsept/ n. 概念
logical /ˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 合乎逻辑的
conclusion /kənˈkluːʒn/ n. 结论
technically /ˈteknɪkli/ adv. 严格来说
ingredient /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/ n. 食材
produce /ˈprɒdjuːs/ n. 农产品
reject /rɪˈdʒekt/ v. 拒收
re-appropriate /ˌriːəˈprəʊprieɪt/ v. 重新利用
cuisine /kwɪˈziːn/ n. 菜肴
enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/ adj. 热烈的
review /rɪˈvjuː/ n. 评论
short-lived /ˌʃɔːtˈlɪvd/ adj. 短暂的
nevertheless /ˌnevəðəˈles/ adv. 尽管如此
sustainability /səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/ n. 可持续性
address /əˈdres/ v. 解决

熟词生义

otherwise:常见义“否则”,文中义“would otherwise be thrown away 否则就会被扔掉”
produce:常见义“生产”,文中义“农产品”(重音在第一个音节)
address:常见义“地址”,文中义“解决,处理”
review:常见义“复习”,文中义“评论,评价”
serve:常见义“服务”,文中义“供应;充当,起……作用”
cuts:常见义“切口”,文中义“meat cuts 肉块部位”
butts:常见义“烟蒂”,文中义“cucumber butts 黄瓜头”

同义替换

throw away → discard(扔掉)
unused food → uneaten food(没吃完的食物)
concern → problem(关注的问题)
campaign → movement(活动)
exclusively → only(专门地)
tailor-made → specially designed(量身定制的)
raise awareness → increase understanding(提高意识)
generate → produce(产生)
donate → give away(捐赠)
recycle → reuse(回收利用)
short-lived → brief(短暂的)
address → deal with(解决)

句式

Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase... was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time
(where 定语从句 + more A than B 比较结构)
译文:也许这种感觉源于我在南非长大的经历,在那里,这句话与其说是餐桌上的祈祷,不如说是一个令人不安的事实提醒。

It changed its menu to exclusively offer food that would otherwise be thrown away
(不定式作目的状语 + that 定语从句 + otherwise + 过去将来时被动语态)
译文:它将自己的菜单改为专门提供那些否则就会被扔掉的食物。

It should be noted that none of the items on wastED's menu was technically made from garbage
(形式主语 it + that 主语从句 + 被动语态 + none of + 单数谓语)
译文:需要指出的是,wastED菜单上的菜品从严格意义上讲没有一样是用垃圾制成的。

Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything
(serve as + 两个并列 that 同位语从句 + make... out of...)
译文:尽管如此,它提醒我们,解决可持续性问题有很多方法,而且你几乎可以用任何东西做出一顿美味的饭菜。

(六)2025年1月浙江省首考英语卷-阅读D篇

高频高级词

humanlike /ˈhjuːmənlaɪk/ adj. 类似人类的
genderless /ˈdʒendələs/ adj. 无性别的
stereotype /ˈsteriətaɪp/ v. 形成刻板印象
gendered /ˈdʒendəd/ adj. 带有性别特征的
associate /əˈsəʊʃieɪt/ adj. 副的
fundamental /ˌfʌndəˈmentl/ adj. 基本的
connection /kəˈnekʃn/ n. 联系
characteristic /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/ n. 特征
attachment /əˈtætʃmənt/ n. 依恋
version /ˈvɜːʃn/ n. 版本
digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ adj. 数字的
assistant /əˈsɪstənt/ n. 助手
device /dɪˈvaɪs/ n. 设备
purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/ v. 购买
marketing /ˈmɑːkɪtɪŋ/ n. 营销
strengthen /ˈstreŋθn/ v. 强化
outdated /ˌaʊtˈdeɪtɪd/ adj. 过时的
identity /aɪˈdentəti/ n. 身份
competitiveness /kəmˈpetətɪvnəs/ n. 竞争性
dominance /ˈdɒmɪnəns/ n. 支配性
quality /ˈkwɒləti/ n. 特质
map /mæp/ v. 映射
assign /əˈsaɪn/ v. 赋予
assume /əˈsjuːm/ v. 假定
silver lining 一线希望
anthropomorphism /ˌænθrəpəˈmɔːfɪzəm/ n. 拟人化
leadership /ˈliːdəʃɪp/ n. 领导
calculation /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 计算
inconsistent /ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt/ adj. 不一致的

熟词生义

take on:常见义“穿上、雇用”,文中义“呈现;承担”
push:常见义“推”,文中义“推动,促进”
picture:常见义“图画”,文中义“the picture 整体,全局”
rate:常见义“比率”,文中义“评估,打分”
associate:常见义“联系”,文中义“副的”
map:常见义“地图”,文中义“映射”
quality:常见义“质量”,文中义“特质”
assign:常见义“分配”,文中义“赋予”
sound:常见义“声音”,文中义“听起来”
run:常见义“跑”,文中义“经营”

同义替换

genderless → without gender(无性别的)
stereotype → form fixed ideas about(形成刻板印象)
fundamental → basic(基本的)
attachment → love(依恋)
purchase → buy(购买)
strengthen → reinforce(强化)
outdated → old-fashioned(过时的)
map onto → connect with(映射到)
assign → give(赋予)
assume → suppose(假定)
silver lining → hopeful side(一线希望)
inconsistent → not matching(不一致的)

句式

As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there's been a push to make them genderless
(As 时间状语从句 + there be 现在完成时 + 不定式作后置定语)
译文:随着新技术越来越具有人类特征,出现了一股推动它们去性别化的力量。

as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics
(as 方式状语从句 + one of + 省略关系词的定语从句 + 过去分词作后置定语)
译文:正如马丁在她的工作中所发现的,性别是人们与物品建立联系的基本方式之一,尤其是那些被设计成具有人类特征的物品。

It was found that gender increased users' feelings of attachment to these devices and their interest in purchasing them
(形式主语 it + that 主语从句 + 并列宾语 + 动名词作介词宾语)
译文:研究发现,性别增强了用户对这些设备的依恋感和购买兴趣。

While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity
(While 让步状语从句 + 动名词作主语)
译文:虽然赋予产品性别可能是好的营销手段,但它也可能强化关于权力和身份的过时或有害观念。

The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women
(过去分词作后置定语 + such as 举例 + 比较级 + those 指代)
译文:通常与男性相关的刻板印象,如竞争性和支配性,比与女性相关的刻板印象更受重视。

anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles—a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations
(被动语态 + 不定式作目的状语 + take on + 破折号举例 + 两个 that 定语从句 + help do)
译文:拟人化的产品可以被创造出来承担与刻板印象不一致的角色——例如,协助护理的男性机器人或帮助做计算的女性机器人。

(七)2024年6月高考英语新1卷-阅读D篇

高频高级词

document /ˈdɒkjumənt/ v. 记录
extinct /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ adj. 灭绝的
biodiversity /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/ n. 生物多样性
detect /dɪˈtekt/ v. 探测
shift /ʃɪft/ n. 变化
variety /vəˈraɪəti/ n. 种类
observation /ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃn/ n. 观察
outnumber /ˌaʊtˈnʌmbə/ v. 在数量上超过
primary /ˈpraɪməri/ adj. 原始的
specimen /ˈspesɪmən/ n. 标本
investigate /ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt/ v. 研究
respond /rɪˈspɒnd/ v. 反应
usable /ˈjuːzəbl/ adj. 可用的
dataset /ˈdeɪtəset/ n. 数据集
represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ v. 代表
actual /ˈæktʃuəl/ adj. 实际的
pattern /ˈpætn/ n. 模式
particularly /pəˈtɪkjələli/ adv. 特别地
aspect /ˈæspekt/ n. 方面
sampling /ˈsɑːmplɪŋ/ n. 采样
bias /ˈbaɪəs/ v. 使有偏差
likelihood /ˈlaɪklihʊd/ n. 可能性
reveal /rɪˈviːl/ v. 揭示
coverage /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/ n. 覆盖范围
favor /ˈfeɪvə/ v. 偏向
encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntə/ n. 相遇
eye-catching /ˈaɪkætʃɪŋ/ adj. 引人注目的
feature /ˈfiːtʃə/ n. 特征
imperfect /ɪmˈpɜːfɪkt/ adj. 不完美的
inform /ɪnˈfɔːm/ v. 告知
oversampled /ˌəʊvəˈsɑːmpld/ adj. 采样过度的
confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ v. 确认
identification /aɪˌdentɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 鉴定
upload /ˌʌpˈləʊd/ v. 上传

熟词生义

document:常见义“文件”,文中义“记录”
primary:常见义“主要的”,文中义“原始的”
favor:常见义“恩惠”,文中义“偏向”
coverage:常见义“新闻报道”,文中义“覆盖范围”
encounter:常见义“遭遇”,文中义“相遇”
lead:常见义“领导”,文中义“引导”
inform:常见义“通知”,文中义“告知”

同义替换

document → record(记录)
extinct → die out(灭绝)
detect → find(探测)
shift → change(变化)
variety → diversity(种类)
observation → watching(观察)
outnumber → be more than(在数量上超过)
primary data → original data(原始数据)
specimen → sample(标本)
represent → stand for(代表)
aspect → part(方面)
bias → affect unfairly(使有偏差)
reveal → show(揭示)
favor → prefer(偏向)
imperfect → not perfect(不完美的)
inform → tell(告知)
confirm → make sure(确认)

句式

In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records
(in the race to do + before 时间状语从句 + 现在完成时)
译文:在赶在地球物种灭绝之前记录它们的竞赛中,研究人员和公民科学家已经收集了数十亿条记录。

With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application
(形式主语 it + 不定式作真正主语 + with the aid of)
译文:随着技术的兴起,人们借助移动应用程序很容易对不同物种进行观察。

Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns
(现在分词作状语 + how 宾语从句)
译文:利用一个包含19亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类和动物记录的全球数据集,达鲁和他的团队测试了这些数据在多大程度上能代表真实的全球生物多样性模式。

We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it
(be interested in doing + that 定语从句 + like 举例 + likelihood of sb. to do + instead of)
译文:我们特别感兴趣的是探索采样中容易使数据产生偏差的方面,比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄一株开花植物的照片,而不是它旁边的草。

Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled
(use sth. to do + inform sb. of sth. + lead sb. to + 破折号插入 + that 定语从句)
译文:生物多样性应用程序可以利用我们的研究结果,告知用户哪些区域采样过度,并引导他们前往采样不足的地方——甚至是采样不足的物种。

To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image
(不定式作目的状语 + encourage sb. to do + have sb. do + 过去分词作前置定语)
译文:为了提高观察数据的质量,生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户请专家确认其上传图像的物种鉴定。

(八)2024年6月高考英语新2卷-阅读D篇

高频高级词

astonishing /əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ/ adj. 惊人的
potential /pəˈtenʃl/ n. 潜力
transform /trænsˈfɔːm/ v. 改变
take action 采取行动
absorbing /əbˈzɔːbɪŋ/ adj. 引人入胜的
practical /ˈpræktɪkl/ adj. 实用的
roadmap /ˈrəʊdmæp/ n. 路线图
address /əˈdres/ v. 解决
pose /pəʊz/ v. 造成,构成
forthcoming /ˌfɔːθˈkʌmɪŋ/ adj. 即将到来的
revolution /ˌrevəˈluːʃn/ n. 变革
competent /ˈkɒmpɪtənt/ adj. 有能力的
process /ˈprəʊses/ v. 处理,理解
code /kəʊd/ n. 代码
heady /ˈhedi/ adj. 深奥的
understandable /ˌʌndəˈstændəbl/ adj. 易懂的
angle /ˈæŋɡl/ n. 视角
academic /ˌækəˈdemɪk/ n. 学者
accessible /əkˈsesəbl/ adj. 易懂的
informative /ɪnˈfɔːmətɪv/ adj. 信息丰富的
capable /ˈkeɪpəbl/ adj. 有能力的
generation /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/ n. 一代
narrow /ˈnærəʊ/ adj. 狭义的
artificial /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl/ adj. 人工的
intelligence /ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/ n. 智能
dominant /ˈdɒmɪnənt/ adj. 主导的
set out to do 着手做
awareness /əˈweənəs/ n. 意识
essential /ɪˈsenʃl/ adj. 至关重要的
sideline /ˈsaɪdlaɪn/ v. 使边缘化
responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ adj. 负有责任的
tipping point 临界点
extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ n. 灭绝
humanity /hjuːˈmænəti/ n. 人类
pan out 发展,结果是
structured /ˈstrʌktʃəd/ adj. 结构化的
regulation /ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 监管
enable /ɪˈneɪbl/ v. 使能够
greatness /ˈɡreɪtnəs/ n. 伟大
downfall /ˈdaʊnfɔːl/ n. 衰落

熟词生义

given:常见义“给予”,文中义“鉴于,考虑到”
address:常见义“地址”,文中义“解决,处理”
pose:常见义“摆姿势”,文中义“造成,构成”
process:常见义“过程”,文中义“处理,理解”
heady:常见义“令人兴奋的”,文中义“深奥的”
angle:常见义“角度”,文中义“视角”
academic:常见义“学术的”,文中义“学者”
accessible:常见义“可进入的”,文中义“易懂的”
come in:常见义“进来”,文中义“派上用场”
power:常见义“力量”,文中义“驱动”
narrow:常见义“狭窄的”,文中义“狭义的”
sideline:常见义“边线”,文中义“使边缘化”
pan out:常见义“淘金”,文中义“发展,结果是”
tip:常见义“小费”,文中义“tipping point 临界点”

同义替换

astonishing → amazing(惊人的)
potential → possibility(潜力)
transform → change(改变)
take action → act(采取行动)
absorbing → engaging(引人入胜的)
practical → useful(实用的)
address → deal with(解决)
pose → cause(造成)
forthcoming → upcoming(即将到来的)
competent → capable(有能力的)
accessible → easy to understand(易懂的)
informative → full of information(信息丰富的)
capable → able(有能力的)
essential → very important(至关重要的)
sideline → push aside(使边缘化)
pan out → develop(发展)
enable → make able(使能够)
downfall → ruin(衰落)

句式

Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design comes in
(Given 介词短语 + 并列句 + where 表语从句)
译文:鉴于人工智能在改变我们生活方面具有惊人的潜力,我们都需要采取行动来应对由人工智能驱动的未来,而这正是《AI by Design》这本书的用武之地。

In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code that powers AI
(prove 系动词 + as...as 比较 + that 定语从句)
译文:如果落入不恰当的人之手,这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样难以理解。

She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative
(rather than + 现在分词作结果状语 + which 定语从句)
译文:她以商业人士的实用视角而非学术人员的身份来写作,使这本书成为一本极易理解且信息丰富的指南。

This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place
(why 表语从句 + set out to do + 破折号补充 + before 时间状语从句 + be expected to do)
译文:这就是为什么坎贝尔现在就开始着手提高人们对AI及其未来的意识——比这些发展预计发生的时间早了几十年。

She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse
(省略 that 的宾语从句 + 形式主语 it + 虚拟语气 + or 并列 + 动名词被动式)
译文:她说,我们必须保持对人工智能的控制,否则就会面临被边缘化甚至更糟的风险。

Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it
(不定式作表语 + 形容词短语作后置定语 + 破折号同位语 + so 目的状语从句 + 现在分词作后置定语)
译文:坎贝尔的意图是唤醒那些对AI负有责任的人——科技公司和世界领导人——使他们与目前正在开发AI的所有专家达成共识。

Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall
(过去分词作插入语 + enable sb. to do + rather than)
译文:这种结构化的思考,再加上全球性的监管,将使我们实现伟大成就,而不是走向衰落。

(九)2024年6月高考英语全国甲卷-阅读D篇

高频高级词

junior /ˈdʒuːniə/ n. 三年级学生
undergraduate /ˌʌndəˈɡrædʒuət/ n. 本科生
independent /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ adj. 独立的
literature /ˈlɪtrətʃə/ n. 文学
heartbroken /ˈhɑːtbrəʊkən/ adj. 心碎的
patience /ˈpeɪʃns/ n. 耐心
beyond /bɪˈjɒnd/ prep. 超越
suggest /səˈdʒest/ v. 建议
satisfy /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/ v. 使圆满
traditionally /trəˈdɪʃənəli/ adv. 传统意义上
positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/ adj. 积极的
outcome /ˈaʊtkʌm/ n. 结果
prefer /prɪˈfɜː/ v. 更喜欢
aha moment 顿悟时刻
guarantee /ˌɡærənˈtiː/ v. 保证
romance /rəʊˈmæns/ n. 爱情小说
mystery /ˈmɪstri/ n. 悬疑小说
fiction /ˈfɪkʃn/ n. 小说
weight /weɪt/ n. 分量
balance /ˈbæləns/ v. 取得平衡
unpredictable /ˌʌnprɪˈdɪktəbl/ adj. 不可预测的
figure out 弄清楚
technique /tekˈniːk/ n. 技巧
analyze /ˈænəlaɪz/ v. 分析
chapter /ˈtʃæptə/ n. 章节
adapt /əˈdæpt/ v. 调整运用
key points 关键要点

熟词生义

junior:常见义“年少的”,文中义“三年级(的)”
beyond:常见义“在……那边”,文中义“超越”
satisfy:常见义“使满意”,文中义“使(故事)圆满”
weight:常见义“重量”,文中义“分量,重要性”
balance:常见义“天平”,文中义“取得平衡”
figure out:常见义“计算出”,文中义“弄清楚”
break down:常见义“出故障”,文中义“拆解”
stick:常见义“粘贴”,文中义“stick the landing 完美收尾”
adapt:常见义“适应”,文中义“调整运用”
up to:常见义“直到”,文中义“取决于”

同义替换

junior year → third year(三年级)
undergraduate → college student(本科生)
heartbroken → very sad(心碎的)
beyond → more than(超越)
satisfy → make complete(使圆满)
outcome → result(结果)
prefer → like better(更喜欢)
aha moment → sudden realization(顿悟时刻)
guarantee → make sure(保证)
weight → importance(分量)
balance → keep a balance(取得平衡)
unpredictable → impossible to guess(不可预测的)
figure out → work out(弄清楚)
technique → method(技巧)
adapt → adjust(调整运用)

句式

He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn't have a traditionally positive outcome
(suggest 后接虚拟语气 + between...and... + 三个 that 定语从句 + even if 让步状语从句)
译文:他建议我思考一下两者之间的区别:一种是我希望角色拥有的结局,另一种是适合这些角色的结局——那些即使没有传统意义上的圆满结果、却能让故事本身得到圆满的结局。

I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them
(would have preferred 虚拟语气 + did 强调 + 省略关系词的定语从句 + make sense)
译文:当然,我本希望汤姆和玛吉·塔利弗能有一个不同的结局,但他们得到的结局对他们来说确实是最合情合理的。

You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn't seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what's right for the characters
(balance doing + 两个并列定语从句 + one 同位语 + what 宾语从句)
译文:你必须取得平衡:创作的结局既要出人意料,又不能显得毫无来由,还要贴合角色的应有归宿。

That's why this issue of Writer's Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you're doing
(why 表语从句 + aim to do + help sb. do + how to do + whatever 引导让步 + 省略 that 的定语从句)
译文:这就是为什么本期《作家文摘》旨在帮助你找到方法,为你正在创作的任何类型的作品写出最好的结局。

Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work
(不定式作目的状语 + what 和 how 并列宾语从句)
译文:伊丽莎白·西姆斯分析了五部伟大小说的最后几章,看它们包含了哪些关键要素,以及你如何将这些要素运用到自己的作品中。

This issue won't tell you what your ending should be—that's up to you and the story you're telling—but it might provide what you need to get there
(what 宾语从句 + 破折号插入 + 省略 that 的定语从句 + but 转折 + what 宾语从句)
译文:本期杂志不会告诉你你的结局应该是什么——那取决于你和你在讲的故事——但它可能会为你提供达到那个目标所需要的东西。

(十)2024年1月浙江省首考英语卷-阅读D篇

高频高级词

marshmallow /ˌmɑːʃˈmæləʊ/ n. 棉花糖
psychologist /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/ n. 心理学家
conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ v. 进行
nursery /ˈnɜːsəri/ n. 幼儿园
sugary /ˈʃʊɡəri/ adj. 含糖的
treat /triːt/ n. 零食
connection /kəˈnekʃn/ n. 联系
obtain /əbˈteɪn/ v. 获得
temptation /tempˈteɪʃn/ n. 诱惑
device /dɪˈvaɪs/ n. 设备
delivery system 传输系统
ancestor /ˈænsestə/ n. 祖先
calorie /ˈkæləri/ n. 卡路里
mechanism /ˈmekənɪzəm/ n. 机制
reward /rɪˈwɔːd/ n. 奖励
satisfaction /ˌsætɪsˈfækʃn/ n. 满足
reshape /ˌriːˈʃeɪp/ v. 重塑
dramatically /drəˈmætɪkli/ adv. 大幅度地
mismatch /ˌmɪsˈmætʃ/ n. 错配
resist /rɪˈzɪst/ v. 抗拒
formative /ˈfɔːmətɪv/ adj. 形成的
prize /praɪz/ v. 珍视
connectivity /ˌkɒnekˈtɪvəti/ n. 连接性
ceaselessly /ˈsiːsləsli/ adv. 不断地
bombard /bɒmˈbɑːd/ v. 轰炸
thoughtful /ˈθɔːtfl/ adj. 深思的
consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ n. 消耗
junk food 垃圾食品
effectively /ɪˈfektɪvli/ adv. 有效地

熟词生义

treat:常见义“对待、治疗”,文中义“零食”
prize:常见义“奖品”,文中义“珍视”
bombard:常见义“轰炸”,文中义“不断轰炸(信息)”
consumption:常见义“消费”,文中义“摄入,消耗”

同义替换

marshmallow test → candy test(棉花糖实验)
conduct → carry out(进行)
treat → snack(零食)
obtain → get(获得)
temptation → attraction(诱惑)
ancestor → forefather(祖先)
mechanism → system(机制)
reward → prize(奖励)
reshape → change(重塑)
dramatically → greatly(大幅度地)
mismatch → mismatch(错配)
resist → fight against(抗拒)
prize → value(珍视)
bombard → flood(轰炸)
thoughtful → careful(深思的)
consumption → intake(消耗)

句式

Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat
(被动语态 + if 条件句 + before 时间状语从句 + 过去将来时被动)
译文:每个孩子都被告知,如果他们在吃零食之前等待15分钟,就会得到第二份零食。

Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success
(between A and B 结构 + 不定式作后置定语)
译文:对这些孩子日后生活的后续研究表明,等待足够长时间以获得第二份零食的能力与各种形式的成功之间存在联系。

We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction
(because 原因状语从句 + 并列句 + that 定语从句 + 破折号同位语)
译文:我们受到含糖零食的诱惑,是因为我们的祖先生活在一个卡路里匮乏的世界里,我们的大脑对这些零食形成了一种反映其价值的反应机制——一种奖励和满足感。

just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental "junk food" in order to manage our time most effectively
(just as 方式状语从句 + 现在分词作伴随状语 + in order to)
译文:正如我们需要更加审慎地对待热量摄入一样,我们也需要更加审慎地对待信息摄入,抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑,以便最有效地管理我们的时间。

(十一)2023年6月高考英语新1卷-阅读D篇

高频高级词

statistician /ˌstætɪˈstɪʃn/ n. 统计学家
illustrate /ˈɪləstreɪt/ v. 说明
estimation /ˌestɪˈmeɪʃn/ n. 估计
accurate /ˈækjərət/ adj. 准确的
capitalize on 利用
overestimate /ˌəʊvərˈestɪmeɪt/ v. 高估
underestimate /ˌʌndərˈestɪmeɪt/ v. 低估
average /ˈævərɪdʒ/ v. 平均
cancel out 抵消
independent /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ adj. 独立的
correlate /ˈkɒrəleɪt/ v. 相关联
dependent /dɪˈpendənt/ adj. 依赖的
accuracy /ˈækjərəsi/ n. 准确性
twist /twɪst/ n. 转折
phenomenon /fəˈnɒmɪnən/ n. 现象
divide /dɪˈvaɪd/ v. 分成
discussion /dɪˈskʌʃn/ n. 讨论
significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ adv. 显著地
follow-up /ˈfɒləʊ ʌp/ adj. 后续的
dominant /ˈdɒmɪnənt/ adj. 主导的
response /rɪˈspɒns/ n. 反应
reason /ˈriːzn/ v. 推理
reduction /rɪˈdʌkʃn/ n. 减少
limitation /ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃn/ n. 局限
implication /ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 意义,影响
enormous /ɪˈnɔːməs/ adj. 巨大的

熟词生义

capitalize on:常见义“资本化”,文中义“利用”
average:常见义“平均的”,文中义“平均”
twist:常见义“扭曲”,文中义“转折”
reason:常见义“原因”,文中义“推理”
implication:常见义“暗示”,文中义“意义,影响”

同义替换

statistician → expert in statistics(统计学家)
illustrate → show(说明)
estimation → guess(估计)
accurate → correct(准确的)
capitalize on → take advantage of(利用)
overestimate → guess too high(高估)
underestimate → guess too low(低估)
cancel out → balance each other(抵消)
independent → separate(独立的)
correlate → connect(相关联)
accuracy → correctness(准确性)
twist → new angle(转折)
dominant → main(主导的)
limitation → weakness(局限)
implication → meaning(意义)

句式

On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the "wisdom of crowds" effect
(which 定语从句 + what 宾语从句 + come to be known as)
译文:1907年3月7日,英国统计学家弗朗西斯·高尔顿发表了一篇论文,阐述了后来被称为“群体智慧”效应的现象。

This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same
(capitalize on + that 同位语从句 + when 时间状语从句)
译文:这种效应利用了一个事实:当人们犯错误时,这些错误并不总是一样的。

When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate
(When 时间状语从句 + 现在分词作结果状语)
译文:当足够多的这些错误被平均在一起时,它们会相互抵消,从而产生更准确的估计。

The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals
(that 表语从句 + when 时间状语从句 + that 定语从句 + 比较级 + those 指代)
译文:这项研究的关键发现是,当群体被进一步分成允许讨论的小组时,这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。

Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous
(Although 让步状语从句 + 过去分词作后置定语)
译文:尽管纳瓦哈斯领导的研究存在局限,且仍有许多问题,但其对群体讨论和决策的潜在意义是巨大的。

(十二)2023年6月高考英语新2卷-阅读D篇

高频高级词

balloon /bəˈluːn/ v. 膨胀
access /ˈækses/ n. 接触,获取
urban /ˈɜːbən/ adj. 城市的
pocket park 袖珍公园
relatively /ˈrelətɪvli/ adv. 相对地
wild /waɪld/ adj. 野生的
wellness /ˈwelnəs/ n. 健康
well-being /ˌwel ˈbiːɪŋ/ n. 幸福感
survey /ˈsɜːveɪ/ v. 调查
submit /səbˈmɪt/ v. 提交
summary /ˈsʌməri/ n. 总结
interaction /ˌɪntərˈækʃn/ n. 互动
examine /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ v. 审查
code /kəʊd/ v. 编码
category /ˈkætəɡəri/ n. 类别
assign /əˈsaɪn/ v. 分配
emerge /ɪˈmɜːdʒ/ v. 出现
encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntə/ v. 遇到
trail /treɪl/ n. 小径
recognizable /ˌrekəɡˈnaɪzəbl/ adj. 可识别的
satisfying /ˈsætɪsfaɪɪŋ/ adj. 令人满意的
meaningful /ˈmiːnɪŋfl/ adj. 有意义的
domestic /dəˈmestɪk/ adj. 家庭的,居家的
fountain /ˈfaʊntən/ n. 喷泉
generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ v. 产生
senior author 资深作者
conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ n. 保护

熟词生义

balloon:常见义“气球”,文中义“膨胀”
code:常见义“代码”,文中义“编码”
assign:常见义“分配”,文中义“归类”
domestic:常见义“国内的”,文中义“家庭的,居家的”
generate:常见义“产生”,文中义“生成,创造”

同义替换

balloon → expand(膨胀)
access → availability(接触)
urban → city(城市的)
relatively → comparatively(相对地)
wild → natural(野生的)
wellness → health(健康)
survey → question(调查)
submit → hand in(提交)
summary → report(总结)
examine → study(审查)
code → classify(编码)
category → type(类别)
assign → put into(归类)
emerge → appear(出现)
encounter → meet(遇到)
domestic → home-based(居家的)
generate → create(产生)
conservation → protection(保护)

句式

As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find
(As 时间状语从句 + 现在分词作后置定语 + 比较级)
译文:随着城市不断膨胀,城市居民接触自然的机会变得越来越难获得。

If you're lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild
(if 条件句 + where 宾语从句 + 形式主语 it + that 定语从句)
译文:如果你幸运的话,你住的地方附近可能有一个袖珍公园,但在城市里找到相对原生态的地方是很少见的。

They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park
(现在分词作伴随状语 + 省略关系词的定语从句)
译文:他们调查了数百名公园游客,要求他们在网上提交一份与公园自然进行有意义互动的书面总结。

Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them
(动名词作主语 + which 非限制性定语从句 + help sb. do + that 定语从句)
译文:为每种自然体验命名创造了一种可用的语言,帮助人们识别并参与对他们来说最令人满意和最有意义的活动。

(十三)2023年6月高考英语全国甲卷-阅读D篇

高频高级词

grizzly bear 灰熊
occupy /ˈɒkjupaɪ/ v. 占据
conflicted /kənˈflɪktɪd/ adj. 矛盾的
psyche /ˈsaɪki/ n. 心理
revere /rɪˈvɪə/ v. 敬畏
flood into 涌入
former /ˈfɔːmə/ adj. 以前的
range /reɪndʒ/ n. 范围
expand /ɪkˈspænd/ v. 扩大
sight /saɪt/ v. 看见
rough /rʌf/ adj. 粗略的
alongside /əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd/ prep. 与……一起
cruel /ˈkruːəl/ adj. 残酷的
continuous /kənˈtɪnjuəs/ adj. 持续的
settler /ˈsetlə/ n. 定居者
remain /rɪˈmeɪn/ v. 剩下
mere /mɪə/ adj. 仅仅的
list /lɪst/ v. 列入
Endangered Species Act 《濒危物种法》
recovery /rɪˈkʌvəri/ n. 恢复
de-list /ˌdiːˈlɪst/ v. 从名录中移除
loosen /ˈluːsn/ v. 放松
legal /ˈliːɡl/ adj. 法律的
overturn /ˌəʊvəˈtɜːn/ v. 推翻
lawsuit /ˈlɔːsuːt/ n. 诉讼
conservation group 环保团体
precaution /prɪˈkɔːʃn/ n. 预防措施
troublesome /ˈtrʌblsəm/ adj. 麻烦的
attractant /əˈtræktənt/ n. 诱惑物
campsite /ˈkæmpsaɪt/ n. 露营地
electric fencing 电围栏
effective /ɪˈfektɪv/ adj. 有效的
biologist /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ n. 生物学家

熟词生义

occupy:常见义“占据”,文中义“占据(心理)”
range:常见义“范围”,文中义“分布区”
sight:常见义“视力”,文中义“看见”
rough:常见义“粗糙的”,文中义“粗略的”
list:常见义“列表”,文中义“列入”
loosen:常见义“放松”,文中义“放宽(法律保护)”
overturn:常见义“翻转”,文中义“推翻”

同义替换

grizzly bear → brown bear(灰熊)
occupy → take up(占据)
conflicted → mixed(矛盾的)
revere → respect(敬畏)
flood into → pour into(涌入)
former → previous(以前的)
range → area(范围)
expand → grow(扩大)
sight → see(看见)
rough → approximate(粗略的)
remain → stay(剩下)
mere → only(仅仅的)
list → include(列入)
recovery → comeback(恢复)
de-list → remove from the list(从名录中移除)
loosen → relax(放宽)
overturn → reverse(推翻)
lawsuit → legal case(诉讼)
precaution → preventive measure(预防措施)
troublesome → problematic(麻烦的)
effective → useful(有效的)

句式

Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams
(which 非限制性定语从句 + 破折号解释 + even as 时间状语从句)
译文:灰熊可以长到约2.5米长、体重超过400公斤,它们在美国人的心理中占据一个矛盾的角落——我们敬畏它们,即使它们给我们带来可怕的梦境。

Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear
(祈使句 + and 并列 + that 定语从句 + what 宾语从句)
译文:问问那些涌入黄石国家公园的来自世界各地的游客,他们最希望看到什么,他们的答案往往是一样的:一只灰熊。

As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more, they're increasingly being sighted by humans
(As 时间状语从句 + where 定语从句 + 现在进行时被动语态)
译文:随着灰熊将分布区扩大到它们已经一个多世纪或更久没有被看到的地方,它们越来越多地被人类看见。

Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted
(so...that 结果状语从句 + which 非限制性定语从句 + allow sb. to do + 被动不定式)
译文:它们的恢复如此成功,以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次尝试将灰熊从保护名录中移除,这将放宽法律保护并允许它们被猎杀。

If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble
(if 条件句 + pass by + without 介词短语)
译文:如果人们从院子和露营地清除食物和诱惑物,灰熊通常会平安通过而不惹麻烦。

Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away
(动名词作主语 + be effective at doing)
译文:在鸡舍和其他农场动物圈舍周围设置电围栏,也能非常有效地让灰熊远离。

Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits
(不定式作表语 + where 定语从句 + without doing)
译文:我们的希望是有一个干净的、没有诱惑物的地方,让熊可以在那里通过而不养成坏习惯。

(十四)2023年6月高考英语全国乙卷-阅读D篇

高频高级词

privilege /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ/ v. 偏袒,优待
humanity /hjuːˈmænəti/ n. 人类
literate /ˈlɪtərət/ adj. 有文字的
record /rɪˈkɔːd/ v. 记录
concern /kənˈsɜːn/ n. 关注的事
ideally /aɪˈdiːəli/ adv. 理想情况下
conflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ n. 冲突
voyage /ˈvɔɪɪdʒ/ n. 航行
Aboriginal /ˌæbəˈrɪdʒənl/ n. 原住民
shield /ʃiːld/ n. 盾
reconstruct /ˌriːkənˈstrʌkt/ v. 重建
interpret /ɪnˈtɜːprɪt/ v. 解读
miscomprehension /ˌmɪskɒmprɪˈhenʃn/ n. 误解
deliberately /dɪˈlɪbərətli/ adv. 故意地
twist /twɪst/ v. 扭曲
victor /ˈvɪktə/ n. 胜利者
Caribbean /ˌkærɪˈbiːən/ adj. 加勒比的
Inca /ˈɪŋkə/ n. 印加人
achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ n. 成就
contact /ˈkɒntækt/ n. 联系
first-hand /ˌfɜːstˈhænd/ adj. 第一手的
necessarily /ˌnesəˈserəli/ adv. 必然地
dialogue /ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/ n. 对话

熟词生义

privilege:常见义“特权”,文中义“偏袒,优待”
concern:常见义“担忧”,文中义“关注的事”
shield:常见义“保护”,文中义“盾”
twist:常见义“扭曲”,文中义“歪曲”
contact:常见义“接触”,文中义“联系”
conversation:常见义“对话”,文中义“历史叙事”

同义替换

privilege → favor(偏袒)
literate → having writing(有文字的)
record → write down(记录)
concern → interest(关注的事)
ideally → in an ideal situation(理想情况下)
conflict → clash(冲突)
voyage → journey(航行)
Aboriginal → native people(原住民)
shield → protective object(盾)
reconstruct → rebuild(重建)
interpret → explain(解读)
deliberately → on purpose(故意地)
twist → distort(歪曲)
victor → winner(胜利者)
achievement → accomplishment(成就)
contact → communication(联系)
first-hand → direct(第一手的)
necessarily → always(必然地)
dialogue → exchange(对话)

句式

If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts
(if 条件句 + 同位语 + that 定语从句 + because 原因状语从句)
译文:如果你想讲述整个世界的历史,一部不偏袒任何一部分人类的历史,你不能只通过文字来做,因为世界上只有一部分地区曾经有过文字。

Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things
(one of + 并列句 + not only...but also)
译文:文字是人类较晚的成就之一,直到相当晚近的时候,即使许多有文字的社会也不仅在文字中、还在物品中记录他们关注的事。

If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports
(if 条件句 + what 宾语从句 + as...as 比较 + 被动语态)
译文:如果我们想重建那天实际发生的事情,这面盾牌必须像书面报告一样被深入而严格地审视和解读。

In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write
(In addition to + there be + 过去分词作后置定语 + when 时间状语从句 + how to write)
译文:除了双方误解的问题之外,还有被意外或故意歪曲的胜利,尤其是当只有胜利者知道如何书写的时候。

The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice
(all of whom 非限制性定语从句 + 省略关系词的定语从句 + 冒号解释 + 过去分词作后置定语)
译文:加勒比的泰诺人、澳大利亚原住民、贝宁的非洲人和印加人,所有这些人都出现在这本书中,他们现在可以通过他们制作的物品最有力地告诉我们他们过去的成就:通过物品讲述的历史还给了他们声音。

If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects
(if 条件句 + be to do + not just...but)
译文:如果我们要找到那场对话的另一半,我们必须不仅阅读文字,还要阅读物品。

(十五)2023年1月浙江省首考英语卷-阅读D篇

高频高级词

solar panel 太阳能板
install /ɪnˈstɔːl/ v. 安装
climate goal 气候目标
concept /ˈkɒnsept/ n. 概念
developer /dɪˈveləpə/ n. 开发商
weed /wiːd/ n. 杂草
community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ n. 社区
destroyer /dɪˈstrɔɪə/ n. 破坏者
soil /sɔɪl/ n. 土壤
neighbor /ˈneɪbə/ n. 邻居
protector /prəˈtektə/ n. 保护者
contribute to 有助于
agricultural /ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl/ adj. 农业的
investigate /ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt/ v. 研究
practical /ˈpræktɪkl/ adj. 实用的
approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ n. 方法
low-impact /ˌləʊ ˈɪmpækt/ adj. 低影响的
establish /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/ v. 建立
operate /ˈɒpəreɪt/ v. 运营
habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ n. 栖息地
pollinator /ˈpɒləneɪtə/ n. 传粉昆虫
pesticide /ˈpestɪsaɪd/ n. 杀虫剂
dramatic /drəˈmætɪk/ adj. 急剧的
decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ n. 下降
conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ n. 保护
guideline /ˈɡaɪdlaɪn/ n. 指导原则
transform /trænsˈfɔːm/ v. 转变
shelter /ˈʃeltə/ n. 庇护所
carbon reduction 碳减排
valuable /ˈvæljuəbl/ adj. 有价值的

熟词生义

developer:常见义“开发者”,文中义“开发商”
destroyer:常见义“驱逐舰”,文中义“破坏者”
neighbor:常见义“邻居”,文中义“好邻居(友好共处)”
shelter:常见义“庇护”,文中义“栖息地”
landscape:常见义“风景”,文中义“景观,生态”

同义替换

solar panel → solar energy device(太阳能板)
install → set up(安装)
concept → idea(概念)
developer → builder(开发商)
weed → unwanted plant(杂草)
destroyer → ruin(破坏者)
soil → earth(土壤)
contribute to → help(有助于)
investigate → study(研究)
practical → useful(实用的)
approach → method(方法)
low-impact → gentle(低影响的)
establish → set up(建立)
operate → run(运营)
habitat → home(栖息地)
pollinator → insect that spreads pollen(传粉昆虫)
dramatic → great(急剧的)
decline → drop(下降)
conservation → protection(保护)
guideline → rule(指导原则)
transform → change(转变)
valuable → useful(有价值的)

句式

According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals
(According to + 过去分词作后置定语 + 并列句 + 不定式作目的状语)
译文:根据太阳能工业协会的数据,过去十年中安装的太阳能板数量迅速增长,而且必须增长得更快才能实现气候目标。

though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them
(though 让步状语从句 + few 否定 + like sb./sth. to do)
译文:尽管越来越多的人接受太阳能的概念,但很少有人喜欢大型太阳能板安装在自己附近。

Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven't given much thought to what they put under them
(want to do + as...as possible + so 结果 + what 宾语从句)
译文:太阳能开发商希望尽可能快速、廉价地安装太阳能板,因此他们没有太多考虑在板下放什么。

InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to "low-impact" solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land
(which 非限制性定语从句 + focus on doing + in a way that)
译文:InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法,其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。

Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy
(并列主语 + 现在完成时 + which 非限制性定语从句)
译文:栖息地丧失、杀虫剂使用和气候变化在过去几十年中导致传粉昆虫数量急剧下降,这损害了美国农业经济。

Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction
(transform...into... + 现在分词作结果状语)
译文:在过去几年中,许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能板下的空间改造成各种传粉昆虫的栖息地,从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。

(十六)2022年6月高考英语新1卷-阅读D篇

高频高级词

speech sound 语音
rare /reə/ adj. 罕见的
click /klɪk/ n. 吸气音
ground-breaking /ˈɡraʊndbreɪkɪŋ/ adj. 开创性的
diet-related /ˈdaɪət rɪleɪtɪd/ adj. 与饮食相关的
bite /baɪt/ n. 咬合
labiodental /ˌleɪbiəʊˈdentl/ n. 唇齿音
align /əˈlaɪn/ v. 对齐
upper /ˈʌpə/ adj. 上方的
lower /ˈləʊə/ adj. 下方的
jaw /dʒɔː/ n. 颌骨
overbite /ˈəʊvəbaɪt/ n. 覆咬合
structure /ˈstrʌktʃə/ n. 结构
Neolithic /ˌniːəˈlɪθɪk/ adj. 新石器时代的
chew /tʃuː/ v. 咀嚼
jawbone /ˈdʒɔːbəʊn/ n. 颌骨
database /ˈdeɪtəbeɪs/ n. 数据库
confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ v. 证实
remarkably /rɪˈmɑːkəbli/ adv. 显著地
hunter-gatherer /ˈhʌntə ˈɡæðərə/ n. 狩猎采集者
overturn /ˌəʊvəˈtɜːn/ v. 推翻
evolve /ɪˈvɒlv/ v. 进化
stable /ˈsteɪbl/ adj. 稳定的
variety /vəˈraɪəti/ n. 多样性
interplay /ˈɪntəpleɪ/ n. 相互作用
biological /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 生物的
cultural evolution 文化进化

熟词生义

click:常见义“点击”,文中义“吸气音”
bite:常见义“咬”,文中义“咬合”
align:常见义“对齐”,文中义“对齐(牙齿)”
structure:常见义“结构”,文中义“结构(颌骨)”
overturn:常见义“翻转”,文中义“推翻”
stable:常见义“稳定的”,文中义“不变的”

同义替换

speech sound → sound of speech(语音)
rare → uncommon(罕见的)
ground-breaking → pioneering(开创性的)
diet-related → connected with diet(与饮食相关的)
bite → way of biting(咬合)
align → line up(对齐)
upper → top(上方的)
lower → bottom(下方的)
jaw → jawbone(颌骨)
overbite → jaw structure(覆咬合)
chew → bite food(咀嚼)
database → data collection(数据库)
confirm → prove(证实)
remarkably → greatly(显著地)
hunter-gatherer → people who hunt and gather(狩猎采集者)
overturn → reverse(推翻)
evolve → develop(进化)
stable → unchanging(稳定的)
variety → diversity(多样性)
interplay → interaction(相互作用)

句式

A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages
(that 宾语从句 + that 定语从句 + 被动语态)
译文:一项开创性的五年研究表明,人类咬合的饮食相关变化导致了新的语音,这些语音现在出现在世界一半的语言中。

Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose
(过去分词作后置定语 + how and why 并列宾语从句)
译文:现在,由瑞士苏黎世大学的达米安·布拉西领导的一个研究团队已经发现了这一趋势是如何以及为何出现的。

They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned, making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth
(that 宾语从句 + 现在分词作结果状语 + which 非限制性定语从句 + 被动语态)
译文:他们发现,古人类成年人的上下前牙是对齐的,这使得发出唇齿音很困难,而唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙形成的。

Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of "f" and "v" increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years
(that 宾语从句 + with 复合结构)
译文:对语言数据库的分析也证实,新石器时代之后,世界语言的语音发生了全球性变化,在过去几千年中“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。

This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago
(that 同位语从句 + when 时间状语从句)
译文:这项研究推翻了普遍观点,即所有人类语音在人类大约30万年前进化时就已存在。

The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution
(省略关系词的定语从句 + not necessarily + but rather + that 定语从句 + the product of)
译文:我们所使用的语音集合自人类出现以来不一定保持不变,相反,我们今天发现的巨大语音多样性是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。

(十七)2022年6月高考英语新2卷-阅读D篇

高频高级词

efficient /ɪˈfɪʃnt/ adj. 高效的
process oxygen 处理氧气
sign /saɪn/ n. 迹象
rubber band 橡皮筋
flexible /ˈfleksəbl/ adj. 有弹性的
drawer /drɔː/ n. 抽屉
specialist /ˈspeʃəlɪst/ n. 专家
fortunately /ˈfɔːtʃənətli/ adv. 幸运的是
enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/ adj. 热情的
volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/ n. 志愿者
randomly /ˈrændəmli/ adv. 随机地
nonaerobic /ˌnɒn eəˈrəʊbɪk/ adj. 无氧的
balance training 平衡训练
weight training 力量训练
high-intensity /ˌhaɪ ɪnˈtensəti/ adj. 高强度的
aerobic /eəˈrəʊbɪk/ adj. 有氧的
guidance /ˈɡaɪdns/ n. 指导
remarkable /rɪˈmɑːkəbl/ adj. 显著的
pump /pʌmp/ v. 泵送
intense /ɪnˈtens/ adj. 高强度的
sweet spot 最佳时机
flexibility /ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/ n. 灵活性
spokeswoman /ˈspəʊkswʊmən/ n. 女发言人
association /əˌsəʊsiˈeɪʃn/ n. 协会
routine /ruːˈtiːn/ n. 常规,方案

熟词生义

sign:常见义“标志”,文中义“迹象”
drawer:常见义“抽屉”,文中义“抽屉(放置)”
sweet spot:常见义“甜点”,文中义“最佳时机”
routine:常见义“常规”,文中义“锻炼方案”

同义替换

efficient → effective(高效的)
sign → indication(迹象)
flexible → elastic(有弹性的)
specialist → expert(专家)
fortunately → luckily(幸运的是)
enthusiastic → keen(热情的)
randomly → by chance(随机地)
guidance → direction(指导)
remarkable → great(显著的)
pump → send(泵送)
intense → strong(高强度的)
sweet spot → best time(最佳时机)
flexibility → adaptability(灵活性)
spokeswoman → female speaker(女发言人)
association → organization(协会)
routine → program(方案)

句式

As we age, even if we're healthy, the heart just isn't as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be
(As 时间状语从句 + even if 让步 + as...as 比较)
译文:随着年龄增长,即使我们很健康,心脏在处理氧气方面也不如从前高效了。

Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven't been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart
(that 宾语从句 + even if 让步 + 动名词作主语 + help do)
译文:对中年人来说幸运的是,莱文发现,即使你一直不是一个热衷于锻炼的人,现在开始锻炼也可能有助于改善你正在老化的心脏。

The reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump a lot more blood during exercise
(省略关系词的定语从句 + that 表语从句)
译文:它们变得如此更强健、更健康的原因是,它们的心脏现在能在运动期间更好地充盈并泵送更多的血液。

The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven't already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility
(不定式作后置定语 + if 条件句 + when 定语从句)
译文:如果你还没有开始锻炼,人生中开始锻炼的最佳时机是在中年晚期,那时心脏仍然具有灵活性。

But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference
(并列谓语 + 被动不定式 + 不定式作目的状语 + which 宾语从句)
译文:但这项研究规模较小,需要在更大规模的人群中重复进行,以确切确定锻炼方案中哪些方面产生最大的影响。

(十八)2022年6月高考英语全国甲卷-阅读D篇

高频高级词

significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj. 重要的
harbor /ˈhɑːbə/ n. 海港
broad /brɔːd/ adj. 广阔的
superb /suːˈpɜːb/ adj. 极好的
culturally diverse 文化多元的
pilot /ˈpaɪlət/ v. 驾驶
ferryboat /ˈferibəʊt/ n. 渡轮
shuttle /ˈʃʌtl/ v. 往返
engine /ˈendʒɪn/ n. 引擎
catamaran /ˌkætəməˈræn/ n. 双体船
elegant /ˈelɪɡənt/ adj. 优雅的
progress /ˈprəʊɡres/ n. 进步
watchword /ˈwɒtʃwɜːd/ n. 口号
increasingly /ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli/ adv. 越来越
historian /hɪˈstɔːriən/ n. 历史学家
modernity /mɒˈdɜːnəti/ n. 现代性
sweep aside 抛弃
conflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ n. 冲突
resolve /rɪˈzɒlv/ v. 解决
attraction /əˈtrækʃn/ n. 吸引力
thoughtful /ˈθɔːtfl/ adj. 深思的
lack /læk/ v. 缺乏
foundation /faʊnˈdeɪʃn/ n. 基础
dynamism /ˈdaɪnəmɪzəm/ n. 活力
combination /ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 组合
wish /wɪʃ/ v. 希望

熟词生义

pilot:常见义“飞行员”,文中义“驾驶”
shuttle:常见义“航天飞机”,文中义“往返”
sweep aside:常见义“扫到一边”,文中义“抛弃”
resolve:常见义“决心”,文中义“解决”
combination:常见义“组合”,文中义“结合体”

同义替换

significant → important(重要的)
harbor → port(海港)
broad → wide(广阔的)
superb → excellent(极好的)
culturally diverse → having different cultures(文化多元的)
pilot → drive(驾驶)
ferryboat → ferry(渡轮)
shuttle → travel back and forth(往返)
elegant → graceful(优雅的)
progress → development(进步)
watchword → slogan(口号)
increasingly → more and more(越来越)
historian → expert in history(历史学家)
modernity → modern times(现代性)
sweep aside → abandon(抛弃)
conflict → disagreement(冲突)
resolve → solve(解决)
attraction → charm(吸引力)
thoughtful → thinking deeply(深思的)
lack → be short of(缺乏)
foundation → base(基础)
dynamism → energy(活力)
combination → mix(组合)

句式

Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia
(时间状语 + 一般过去时)
译文:20世纪60年代初的某个时候,澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件重要的事情。

Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there—broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population
(one after another + that 定语从句 + 破折号列举)
译文:然后,一个接一个地,悉尼发现了许多本来就存在的东西——广阔的公园、极好的海滩和多元文化的人口。

But it is the harbor that makes the city
(强调句)
译文:但正是海港造就了这座城市。

I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor
(spend time doing)
译文:我花了整个上午在海港上往返穿梭。

After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways—he for a lunch break, I to explore the city
(并列句 + 破折号解释 + go one's separate ways)
译文:在我们第三趟之后,安德鲁关掉了引擎,我们各走各的路——他去吃午饭,我去探索这座城市。

Shirley Fitzgerald, the city's official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings
(同位语 + that 宾语从句 + in its rush to + including)
译文:该市的官方历史学家雪莉·菲茨杰拉德告诉我,在20世纪70年代急于现代化的过程中,悉尼抛弃了许多过去的东西,包括许多最好的建筑。

We can't seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one
(make up one's mind + whether...or...)
译文:我们似乎无法决定我们想要一个现代城市还是一个传统城市。

It's a conflict that we aren't getting any better at resolving
(that 定语从句 + get better at doing)
译文:这是一个我们并没有变得更善于解决的冲突。

What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still
(What 主语从句 + that 表语从句 + when 时间状语从句 + 省略结构)
译文:人们忘记的是,意大利人来到澳大利亚时带来了他们2000年的文化,希腊人带来了约3000年,中国人带来的还要更多。

We've got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country
(过去分词作后置定语 + but with 并列)
译文:我们有一个建立在古老文化之上的基础,但又具有一个年轻国家的冲劲和活力。

It's a pretty hard combination to beat
(不定式作后置定语)
译文:这是一个很难被超越的组合。

He is right, but I can't help wishing they would keep those old ferries
(can't help doing + wish 宾语从句)
译文:他是对的,但我不禁希望他们能保留那些旧渡轮。

(十九)2022年6月高考英语全国乙卷-阅读D篇

高频高级词

sugar tax 糖税
soft drink 软饮料
minister /ˈmɪnɪstə/ n. 大臣
predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ v. 预测
generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ v. 产生
official /əˈfɪʃl/ adj. 官方的
data /ˈdeɪtə/ n. 数据
policy /ˈpɒləsi/ n. 政策
apply to 适用于
obesity /əʊˈbiːsəti/ n. 肥胖
consume /kənˈsjuːm/ v. 摄入
recommended /ˌrekəˈmendɪd/ adj. 推荐的
risk /rɪsk/ n. 风险
initially /ɪˈnɪʃəli/ adv. 最初
Treasury /ˈtreʒəri/ n. 财政部
amount /əˈmaʊnt/ n. 金额
manufacturer /ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərə/ n. 制造商
avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ v. 避免
charge /tʃɑːdʒ/ n. 费用
figure /ˈfɪɡə/ n. 数据
litre /ˈliːtə/ n. 升
content /ˈkɒntent/ n. 含量
brand /brænd/ n. 品牌
upset /ˌʌpˈset/ v. 使不安
consumer /kənˈsjuːmə/ n. 消费者
alcoholic /ˌælkəˈhɒlɪk/ adj. 含酒精的
facility /fəˈsɪləti/ n. 设施
generation /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/ n. 一代人
industry /ˈɪndəstri/ n. 行业

熟词生义

apply to:常见义“申请”,文中义“适用于”
consume:常见义“消费”,文中义“摄入”
content:常见义“内容”,文中义“含量”
upset:常见义“心烦的”,文中义“使不安”
industry:常见义“工业”,文中义“行业”

同义替换

sugar tax → tax on sugary drinks(糖税)
soft drink → sugary drink(软饮料)
minister → government official(大臣)
predict → expect(预测)
generate → make(产生)
official → formal(官方的)
data → figures(数据)
policy → rule(政策)
apply to → affect(适用于)
obesity → being overweight(肥胖)
consume → take in(摄入)
risk → danger(风险)
initially → at first(最初)
amount → sum(金额)
manufacturer → producer(制造商)
avoid → escape(避免)
charge → fee(费用)
figure → number(数据)
content → amount(含量)
brand → product name(品牌)
upset → make unhappy(使不安)
consumer → customer(消费者)
facility → equipment(设施)
generation → age group(一代人)
industry → business(行业)

句式

The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown
(as...as 比较 + 省略 that 的宾语从句 + 插入语)
译文:关于该政策的第一批官方数据显示,政府对软饮料征收的糖税带来的收入是部长们最初预测的一半。

First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100 ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity
(过去分词作状语 + which 定语从句 + 现在分词作后置定语 + 被动语态 + 不定式作目的状语)
译文:该税于2016年4月首次宣布,适用于每100毫升含糖超过5克的软饮料,旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。

It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease
(形式主语 it + that 主语从句 + 现在分词作结果状语 + three times + at risk of)
译文:据认为,今天的儿童和青少年摄入的糖是推荐水平的三倍,使他们面临更高的患病风险。

It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax
(after 时间状语从句 + 过去分词作后置定语 + have sth. done + so 目的状语从句 + avoid doing)
译文:此前,商店中销售的一半以上软饮料已被制造商降低了含糖量,以避缴该税。

Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content
(现在完成时被动 + be forced to do + between...and... + 省略关系词的定语从句 + depending on)
译文:自4月以来,饮料公司被迫为他们生产或进口的每升含糖饮料支付18至24便士,具体取决于含糖量。

However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers
(like 举例 + 并列谓语 + refuse to do + for fear of doing)
译文:然而,一些高糖品牌,如经典可口可乐,已经接受了糖税,并因担心让消费者不安而拒绝改变。

Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year
(be free of + as 倒装 + 现在分词作后置定语)
译文:果汁、奶基饮料和大多数酒精饮料免税,每年生产少于100万升的小公司也是如此。

Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools
(插入语 + 省略关系词的定语从句 + by doing)
译文:据一位政府官员称,今天的数据显示了糖税通过为学校体育设施和更健康的饮食筹集数百万英镑而产生的积极影响。

Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part
(动名词作主语 + be of great importance + play one's part)
译文:帮助下一代拥有健康活泼的童年至关重要,而该行业正在发挥自己的作用。

(二十)2021年6月高考英语新1卷-阅读D篇

高频高级词

popularization /ˌpɒpjələraɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. 普及
emotional intelligence 情商
misunderstand /ˌmɪsʌndəˈstænd/ v. 误解
desirable /dɪˈzaɪərəbl/ adj. 令人满意的
makeup /ˈmeɪkʌp/ n. 构成
character /ˈkærəktə/ n. 品格
motivation /ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃn/ n. 动机
confidence /ˈkɒnfɪdəns/ n. 自信
mental stability 心理稳定
optimism /ˈɒptɪmɪzəm/ n. 乐观
people skills 人际交往能力
contribute to 有助于
quality /ˈkwɒləti/ n. 品质
specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ adj. 特定的
accurately /ˈækjərətli/ adv. 准确地
cheater /ˈtʃiːtə/ n. 骗子
potential /pəˈtenʃl/ adj. 潜在的
victim /ˈvɪktɪm/ n. 受害者
moral /ˈmɒrəl/ adj. 道德的
publicity /pʌbˈlɪsəti/ n. 宣传
beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/ adj. 有益的
emphasis /ˈemfəsɪs/ n. 重视
employer /ɪmˈplɔɪə/ n. 雇主
educator /ˈedʒukeɪtə/ n. 教育工作者
promote /prəˈməʊt/ v. 促进
well-being /ˌwel ˈbiːɪŋ/ n. 幸福
re-evaluate /ˌriː ɪˈvæljueɪt/ v. 重新评估
functionality /ˌfʌŋkʃəˈnæləti/ n. 功能
adaptively /əˈdæptɪvli/ adv. 适应性地
desirable /dɪˈzaɪərəbl/ adj. 可取的
scholarly /ˈskɒləli/ adj. 学术的
perspective /pəˈspektɪv/ n. 视角
head and heart 理智与情感

熟词生义

makeup:常见义“化妆”,文中义“构成”
character:常见义“角色”,文中义“品格”
quality:常见义“质量”,文中义“品质”
moral:常见义“道德的”,文中义“有道德的”
publicity:常见义“宣传”,文中义“普及化”
head and heart:常见义“头和心”,文中义“理智与情感”

同义替换

popularization → spreading(普及)
emotional intelligence → EQ(情商)
misunderstand → mistake(误解)
desirable → good(令人满意的)
makeup → character(构成)
motivation → drive(动机)
confidence → belief in oneself(自信)
optimism → positive attitude(乐观)
contribute to → help(有助于)
specific → particular(特定的)
accurately → correctly(准确地)
cheater → dishonest person(骗子)
victim → target(受害者)
moral → good(有道德的)
publicity → attention(宣传)
beneficial → helpful(有益的)
emphasis → focus(重视)
promote → improve(促进)
well-being → happiness(幸福)
re-evaluate → rethink(重新评估)
functionality → use(功能)
perspective → view(视角)

句式

Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills."
(misunderstand...as... + that 定语从句 + such as 列举)
译文:许多人现在将情商误解为一个人身上几乎一切无法用智商测试衡量的优秀品质,如品格、动机、自信、心理稳定、乐观和“人际交往能力”。

The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims
(不定式作后置定语 + how 宾语从句 + 被动语态 + while 对比 + how best to do)
译文:准确理解他人感受的能力可能被医生用来找到帮助病人的最佳方式,而骗子可能用它来控制潜在的受害者。

Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful
(Although 让步状语从句 + what 宾语从句 + more...than...)
译文:尽管关于情商的流行观念远远超出了研究能够合理支持的范围,但普及化的总体影响一直是有益多于有害的。

The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being
(表语 + 过去分词作后置定语 + interested in doing)
译文:这种普及化最积极的方面是雇主、教育工作者和其他有兴趣促进社会福祉的人对情绪产生了新的、迫切需要的重视。

Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion
(Although 让步 + hope that + excite interest in)
译文:尽管情商持续的大众吸引力是可取的,但我们希望这种关注能激发对情绪的科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。

It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives
(形式主语 it + that 主语从句 + from which 定语从句 + how 宾语从句)
译文:我们希望在未来几十年中,科学的进步将提供新的视角,从中研究人们如何管理自己的生活。

(二十一)2021年6月高考英语新2卷-阅读D篇

高频高级词

monitor /ˈmɒnɪtə/ v. 监测
grazing /ˈɡreɪzɪŋ/ adj. 放牧的
cattle /ˈkætl/ n. 牛
profession /prəˈfeʃn/ n. 行业
rely on 依赖
labor shortage 劳动力短缺
necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ adj. 必要的
cattleman /ˈkætlmən/ n. 养牛人
solar /ˈsəʊlə/ adj. 太阳能的
electric power 电力
sensor /ˈsensə/ n. 传感器
analyze /ˈænəlaɪz/ v. 分析
determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ v. 判断
radio tag 无线电标签
measure /ˈmeʒə/ v. 测量
grassland /ˈɡrɑːslænd/ n. 草地
texture /ˈtekstʃə/ n. 质地
nutrition /njuˈtrɪʃn/ n. 营养
take over 接管
harvest /ˈhɑːvɪst/ v. 收割
cowboy /ˈkaʊbɔɪ/ n. 牛仔
inspect /ɪnˈspekt/ v. 检查
promising /ˈprɒmɪsɪŋ/ adj. 有前景的
association /əˌsəʊsiˈeɪʃn/ n. 协会
theft /θeft/ n. 盗窃
remote /rɪˈməʊt/ adj. 偏远的
appealing /əˈpiːlɪŋ/ adj. 有吸引力的
target /ˈtɑːɡɪt/ n. 目标

熟词生义

monitor:常见义“班长”,文中义“监测”
take over:常见义“接管”,文中义“取代”
harvest:常见义“收获”,文中义“收割”
target:常见义“目标”,文中义“目标(被盗对象)”

同义替换

monitor → watch(监测)
grazing → feeding on grass(放牧的)
cattle → cows(牛)
profession → industry(行业)
rely on → depend on(依赖)
labor shortage → lack of workers(劳动力短缺)
necessary → needed(必要的)
cattleman → cow farmer(养牛人)
solar → sun-powered(太阳能的)
analyze → study(分析)
determine → decide(判断)
measure → check(测量)
grassland → grass field(草地)
texture → feel(质地)
nutrition → food value(营养)
take over → replace(接管)
harvest → gather(收割)
inspect → examine(检查)
promising → hopeful(有前景的)
theft → stealing(盗窃)
remote → far away(偏远的)
appealing → attractive(有吸引力的)
target → goal(目标)

句式

An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage
(不定式作目的状语 + 同位语 + that 定语从句 + that 定语从句 + but 并列)
译文:一位澳大利亚教授正在开发一种机器人来监测放牧牛群的健康,这一发展可能会给一个几十年来主要依赖低技术方法但正面临劳动力短缺的行业带来巨大变化。

Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging
(同位语 + see...as... + given + how 宾语从句)
译文:悉尼大学教授萨拉·苏卡里耶认为,鉴于养牛人正在老龄化,机器人是必要的。

He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power
(that 定语从句 + run on)
译文:他正在建造一种四轮机器人,将依靠太阳能和电力运行。

The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture of grass
(被动语态 + by doing)
译文:草地的质量将通过监测草的形状、颜色和质地来追踪。

For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle
(形式主语 it + interested in doing)
译文:对得克萨斯州养牛人皮特·邦兹来说,找到对看牛感兴趣的工人越来越难。

Years of experience in the industry—and failed attempts to use technology—have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse
(破折号插入 + convince sb. that + 不定式作后置定语)
译文:多年的行业经验——以及使用技术的失败尝试——使他相信检查牛的最好方法是一个人骑在马上。

Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick
(who 非限制性定语从句 + have sb. do + that 同位语从句)
译文:邦兹在大约50年前买了他的第一头牛,他仍然让他的每个牛仔每天检查300或400头牛,寻找动物生病的迹象。

Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft
(同位语 + 省略 that 的宾语从句 + given + concerns about)
译文:俄克拉荷马州养牛人协会副主席迈克尔·凯尔西·帕里斯说,鉴于对偷牛问题的担忧日益增加,机器人可能极其有用。

Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets
(tend to do + 被动语态 + 现在分词作结果状语 + make + 宾语 + 宾补)
译文:牛往往被饲养在偏远的地方,而且它们的价值已经上升,使它们成为有吸引力的目标。

(二十二)2021年6月高考英语全国甲卷-阅读D篇

高频高级词

genius /ˈdʒiːniəs/ n. 天才
humankind /ˌhjuːmənˈkaɪnd/ n. 人类
symbol /ˈsɪmbl/ n. 象征
explore /ɪkˈsplɔː/ v. 探索
intelligent /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/ adj. 聪明的
creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/ adj. 有创造力的
origin /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/ n. 出身
victor /ˈvɪktə/ n. 胜利者
standard /ˈstændəd/ n. 标准
admission /ədˈmɪʃn/ n. 准入
contribution /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn/ n. 贡献
unacknowledged /ˌʌnəkˈnɒlɪdʒd/ adj. 未被承认的
reject /rɪˈdʒekt/ v. 排斥
gender /ˈdʒendə/ n. 性别
discourage /dɪsˈkʌrɪdʒ/ v. 使气馁
absolutely /ˈæbsəluːtli/ adv. 绝对地
wired /ˈwaɪəd/ adj. 互联的
constant /ˈkɒnstənt/ adj. 持续的
positioned /pəˈzɪʃnd/ adj. 处于……位置的
flash /flæʃ/ n. 闪现
social factor 社会因素
race /reɪs/ n. 种族
class /klɑːs/ n. 阶层
determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ v. 决定
perseverance /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/ n. 毅力
fortune /ˈfɔːtʃuːn/ n. 运气

熟词生义

origin:常见义“起源”,文中义“出身”
admission:常见义“准入”,文中义“加入资格”
class:常见义“班级”,文中义“阶层”
fortune:常见义“财富”,文中义“运气”
flash:常见义“闪光”,文中义“闪现”

同义替换

genius → talented person(天才)
humankind → human beings(人类)
symbol → sign(象征)
explore → study(探索)
intelligent → smart(聪明的)
creative → inventive(有创造力的)
origin → background(出身)
victor → winner(胜利者)
standard → rule(标准)
admission → entry(准入)
contribution → achievement(贡献)
unacknowledged → unrecognized(未被承认的)
reject → refuse(排斥)
gender → sex(性别)
discourage → dishearten(使气馁)
absolutely → completely(绝对地)
wired → connected(互联的)
constant → continuous(持续的)
positioned → placed(处于……位置的)
flash → glimpse(闪现)
race → ethnic group(种族)
class → social level(阶层)
determine → decide(决定)
perseverance → persistence(毅力)
fortune → luck(运气)

句式

Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries
(设问句 + interest sb.)
译文:谁是天才?这个问题几个世纪以来一直引起人类的极大兴趣。

Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius
(祈使句 + 冒号解释)
译文:让我们明确地说:爱因斯坦是个天才。

But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself
(go beyond + explore)
译文:但我们想超越一个人,探索天才本身的本质。

Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us?
(Why is it that 强调句型 + 比较级)
译文:为什么有些人比我们其他人聪明或有创造力得多?

It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club
(It's said that + 被动语态 + set standards for)
译文:据说历史是由胜利者书写的,而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。

When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others
(When 时间状语从句 + 被动语态 + 破折号插入 + 被动语态)
译文:当俱乐部之外的天才——女性,或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时,它们不被承认并遭到他人排斥。

A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender are "really, really smart"
(过去分词作后置定语 + that 宾语从句 + less likely than + that 宾语从句)
译文:《科学》杂志最近发表的一项研究发现,女孩在六岁时就比男孩更不可能说她们同性别的人是“非常非常聪明的”。

Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are "really, really smart."
(that 宾语从句 + act on + 冒号解释 + avoid doing + 过去分词作后置定语 + who 定语从句)
译文:更糟糕的是,研究发现女孩会按照这种信念行事:在六岁左右,她们开始回避那些据说是为“非常非常聪明”的孩子准备的活动。

Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up?
(afford to do + have sb. do + give up)
译文:我们的星球能承受任何伟大的思想家变得气馁并放弃吗?

It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not
(形式主语 it + take + to do + 冒号 + 省略回答)
译文:不需要天才就能知道答案:绝对不能。

In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear
(with 复合结构 + be positioned to do + wherever 状语从句)
译文:在一个全球持续沟通的互联世界中,我们都处于能够看到天才闪现的位置,无论它们出现在哪里。

The more we look, the more we will see that social factors like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius
(the more...the more... + that 宾语从句 + like 举例 + do 强调否定)
译文:我们看得越多,就越会看到性别、种族和阶层等社会因素并不决定天才的出现。

As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with "intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world."
(As 方式状语从句 + come from + with 介词短语 + who 定语从句)
译文:正如一位作家所说,未来的天才来自那些拥有“智慧、创造力、毅力和简单的好运,能够改变世界”的人。

(二十三)2021年6月高考英语全国乙卷-阅读D篇

高频高级词

interviewer /ˈɪntəvjuːə/ n. 采访者
distraction /dɪˈstrækʃn/ n. 干扰
membership /ˈmembəʃɪp/ n. 会员资格
coworking space 共享工作空间
focus /ˈfəʊkəs/ v. 专注
comment /ˈkɒment/ n. 评论
strike sb. as 给某人以……印象
layout /ˈleɪaʊt/ n. 布局
come across 偶然发现
approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ n. 方法
examine /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ v. 考察
participant /pɑːˈtɪsɪpənt/ n. 参与者
randomly /ˈrændəmli/ adv. 随机地
expose /ɪkˈspəʊz/ v. 使接触
decibel /ˈdesɪbel/ n. 分贝
statistically /stəˈtɪstɪkli/ adv. 统计上
insignificant /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj. 不显著的
outperform /ˌaʊtpəˈfɔːm/ v. 表现优于
chatter /ˈtʃætə/ n. 闲聊
wander /ˈwɒndə/ v. 漫游
distracted focus 分散性专注
creative task 创造性任务
get drawn into 被卷入
interaction /ˌɪntərˈækʃn/ n. 互动
interruption /ˌɪntəˈrʌpʃn/ n. 打断
published writer 出版过作品的作家

熟词生义

strike:常见义“打击”,文中义“strike sb. as 给某人以……印象”
come across:常见义“穿过”,文中义“偶然发现”
expose:常见义“暴露”,文中义“使接触”
wander:常见义“漫游”,文中义“(思绪)漫游”
drawn into:常见义“被画入”,文中义“被卷入”

同义替换

interviewer → reporter(采访者)
distraction → interruption(干扰)
membership → right to use(会员资格)
coworking space → shared office(共享工作空间)
focus → concentrate(专注)
comment → remark(评论)
layout → arrangement(布局)
come across → find by chance(偶然发现)
approach → method(方法)
examine → study(考察)
participant → subject(参与者)
randomly → by chance(随机地)
expose → subject to(使接触)
decibel → unit of sound(分贝)
insignificant → not important(不显著的)
outperform → do better than(表现优于)
chatter → talk(闲聊)
wander → drift(漫游)
interaction → communication(互动)
interruption → disturbance(打断)
published writer → author with books(出版过作品的作家)

句式

During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often
(During 介词短语 + 省略关系词的定语从句)
译文:在我的一本书的采访中,我的采访者说了一些我至今经常思考的话。

Annoyed by the level of distraction in his open office, he said, "That's why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street—so I can focus."
(过去分词作状语 + why 表语从句 + 破折号解释 + so 目的状语从句)
译文:被他开放式办公室里干扰的程度所烦恼,他说:“这就是为什么我在街对面的共享工作空间有会员资格——这样我就能专注。”

His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout
(strike sb. as + after all)
译文:他的评论让我觉得奇怪。毕竟,共享工作空间通常也使用开放式办公室布局。

But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works
(that 定语从句 + why 宾语从句)
译文:但我最近偶然发现了一项研究,说明了为什么他的方法有效。

They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels
(被动语态 + be exposed to + from...to... 列举)
译文:他们被随机分成四组,接触背景中各种噪音水平,从完全安静到50分贝、70分贝和85分贝。

The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop—significantly outperformed the other groups
(分号连接 + however 转折 + 破折号插入 + 过去分词作后置定语 + similar to)
译文:大多数组之间的差异在统计上不显著;然而,70分贝组的参与者——那些接触类似于咖啡店背景闲聊的噪音水平的人——显著优于其他组。

Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise
(Since 原因状语从句 + that 宾语从句 + differ in response to)
译文:由于影响很小,这可能表明我们的创造性思维在应对完全安静和85分贝背景噪音时差别不大。

The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus
(just enough to do + allow sb. to do + without doing + make it impossible to do)
译文:适当水平的背景噪音可能刚好足以打断我们正常的思维模式,让我们的想象力漫游,而不会使专注变得不可能。

So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus
(设问句 + that 表语从句 + can't stop oneself from doing + while 时间状语从句)
译文:那么为什么我们这么多人讨厌开放式办公室?问题可能在于,在我们的办公室里,我们无法阻止自己在试图专注时被卷入他人的谈话。

Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions
(that 宾语从句 + and yet 转折 + while also doing + freedom from)
译文:事实上,研究人员发现面对面的互动和对话会影响创造过程,然而共享工作空间或咖啡店在提供一定水平噪音的同时,也提供了免受打扰的自由。

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