本文内容紧扣高考英语语法填空命题规律,系统梳理词形变化与非谓语动词两大核心考点。第一部分按变名词、变形容词、变反义词、变副词四大类编排,涵盖否定前缀、易混辨析及高频词形变化速记表,并附解题信号词;第二部分汇总非谓语动词固定搭配,包括只接 to do、只接 doing、接 sb to do、to 作介词等十大板块,配有记忆口诀。前文为答案版,后面的练习部分采用默写练习形式,标注音标,留空作答,便于自测自查,是冲刺阶段攻克语法填空的实用工具。
第一部分 语法填空常考易错词
一、变名词
1. 动词 → 名词
explain → explanation(解释)
generous → generosity(慷慨)
anxious → anxiety(焦虑)
curious → curiosity(好奇)
approve → approval(赞成/同意)
arrive → arrival(到达)
refuse → refusal(拒绝)
survive → survival(幸存)
propose → proposal(提议)
withdraw → withdrawal(撤回)
argue → argument(争论/论据)
judge → judgement/judgment(判断力)
brave → bravery(勇气)
participate → participation(参与)→ participant(参与者)
compete → competition(竞争)→ competitor(竞争者)
complain → complaint(抱怨/投诉)
honest → honesty(诚实)
describe → description(描述)
consume → consumption(消耗)
admit → admission(承认/准许加入)
submit → submission(提交)
vary → variety(种类/多样化)
recognize → recognition(认可)
pronounce → pronunciation(发音)
poor → poverty(贫穷)
safe → safety(安全)
expand → expansion(扩张)
popular → popularity(流行)
emphasize → emphasis(强调)
compare → comparison(比较)
strong → strength(力量)
expose → exposure(暴露/接触)
applaud → applause(掌声)
fail → failure(失败)
wise → wisdom(智慧)
choose → choice(选择)
grow → growth(成长)
true → truth(真相/事实)
combine → combination(结合)
assist → assistance(帮助)→ assistant(助手)
represent → representative(代表)
able → ability(能力)
capable → capability(能力)
responsible → responsibility(责任)
stable → stability(稳定)
flexible → flexibility(灵活性)
available → availability(可用性)
perform → performance(表演)
accept → acceptance(接受)
attend → attendance(出席)
guide → guidance(指导)
differ → difference(差异)
exist → existence(存在)
prefer → preference(偏好)
refer → reference(参考)
occur → occurrence(发生)
permit → permission(许可)
conclude → conclusion(结论)
decide → decision(决定)
divide → division(分开)
revise → revision(复习)
impress → impression(印象)
possess → possession(拥有)
discuss → discussion(讨论)
persuade → persuasion(说服)
invite → invitation(邀请)
declare → declaration(宣布)
prepare → preparation(准备)
organize → organization(组织)
realize → realization(实现/意识)
apologize → apology(道歉)
deliver → delivery(递送)
discover → discovery(发现)
recover → recovery(恢复)
explore → exploration(探索)
2. 形容词 → 名词
kind → kindness(善良)
happy → happiness(幸福)
sad → sadness(悲伤)
dark → darkness(黑暗)
weak → weakness(弱点)
ill → illness(疾病)
tired → tiredness(疲倦)
careless → carelessness(粗心)
active → activity(活动)
real → reality(现实)
similar → similarity(相似)
diverse → diversity(多样性)
creative → creativity(创造力)
productive → productivity(生产力)
secure → security(安全)
sincere → sincerity(真诚)
patient → patience(耐心)
convenient → convenience(方便)
confident → confidence(信心)
important → importance(重要性)
different → difference(差异)
silent → silence(沉默)
wide → width(宽度)
deep → depth(深度)
high → height(高度)
long → length(长度)
warm → warmth(温暖)
young → youth(青春)
3. 名词/动词 → 指人名词
science → scientist(科学家)
art → artist(艺术家)
tour → tourist(游客)
journal → journalist(记者)
physics → physicist(物理学家)
chemistry → chemist(化学家)
music → musician(音乐家)
politics → politician(政治家)
library → librarian(图书管理员)
history → historian(历史学家)
technique → technician(技术员)
employ → employer / employee(雇主 / 雇员)
interview → interviewer / interviewee(面试官 / 面试者)
train → trainer / trainee(培训师 / 受训者)
examine → examiner / examinee(考官 / 考生)
二、变形容词
1. 名词 → 形容词
value → valuable(有价值的)
manage → manageable(可处理的)
change → changeable(易变的)
replace → replaceable(可替代的)
energy → energetic(精力充沛的)
scare → scary(吓人的)
intelligence → intelligent(聪明的)
compete → competitive(竞争的)
benefit → beneficial(有益的)
influence → influential(有影响力的)
finance → financial(金融的)
create → creative(创造性的)
vary → various(各种各样的)
taste → tasty(可口的)
pick → picky(挑剔的)
stick → sticky(黏的)
courage → courageous(勇敢的)
stress → stressful(有压力的)
economy → economic(与经济有关的)→ economical(经济节约的)
care → careful / careless(小心的 / 粗心的)
hope → hopeful / hopeless(有希望的 / 无望的)
harm → harmful / harmless(有害的 / 无害的)
use → useful / useless(有用的 / 无用的)
help → helpful / helpless(有帮助的 / 无助的)
power → powerful / powerless(强大的 / 无力的)
meaning → meaningful / meaningless(有意义的 / 无意义的)
success → successful(成功的)
peace → peaceful(和平的)
beauty → beautiful(美丽的)
wonder → wonderful(精彩的)
danger → dangerous(危险的)
fame → famous(著名的)
anxiety → anxious(焦虑的)
curiosity → curious(好奇的)
nation → national(国家的)
nature → natural(自然的)
culture → cultural(文化的)
person → personal(个人的)
tradition → traditional(传统的)
education → educational(教育的)
medicine → medical(医学的)
effect → effective(有效的)
attract → attractive(有吸引力的)
impress → impressive(令人印象深刻的)
expense → expensive(昂贵的)
sense → sensitive / sensible(敏感的 / 明智的)
2. 动词 → 形容词
act → active(积极的)
attract → attractive(有吸引力的)
decide → decisive(决定性的)
depend → dependent / independent(依赖的 / 独立的)
differ → different(不同的)
employ → employed / unemployed(就业的 / 失业的)
exist → existing(现存的)
imagine → imaginative(富有想象力的)
inform → informative(信息丰富的)
innovate → innovative(创新的)
instruct → instructive(有教育意义的)
observe → observant(善于观察的)
predict → predictable(可预测的)
produce → productive(多产的)
rely → reliable(可靠的)
respond → responsible(负责的)
sense → sensible(明智的)
support → supportive(支持的)
tolerate → tolerant(宽容的)
三、变反义词
1. 否定前缀 un-
healthy → unhealthy(不健康的)
friendly → unfriendly(不友好的)
necessary → unnecessary(不必要的)
reasonable → unreasonable(不合理的)
fortunate → unfortunate(不幸的)
comfortable → uncomfortable(不舒服的)
usual → unusual(不寻常的)
avoidable → unavoidable(不可避免的)
easy → uneasy(不安的)
acceptable → unacceptable(不可接受的)
affordable → unaffordable(买不起的)
aware → unaware(未意识到的)
certain → uncertain(不确定的)
clear → unclear(不清楚的)
common → uncommon(不常见的)
conscious → unconscious(无意识的)
fair → unfair(不公平的)
fit → unfit(不合适的)
known → unknown(未知的)
likely → unlikely(不太可能的)
limited → unlimited(无限的)
lucky → unlucky(不幸的)
natural → unnatural(不自然的)
pleasant → unpleasant(不愉快的)
qualified → unqualified(不合格的)
real → unreal(不真实的)
safe → unsafe(不安全的)
satisfied → unsatisfied(不满意的)
settled → unsettled(未解决的)
skilled → unskilled(不熟练的)
suitable → unsuitable(不合适的)
tidy → untidy(不整洁的)
willing → unwilling(不愿意的)
worthy → unworthy(不值得的)
2. 否定前缀 in- 及其变体
efficient → inefficient(低效的)
consistent → inconsistent(不一致的)
formal → informal(不正式的)
convenient → inconvenient(不方便的)
appropriate → inappropriate(不合适的)
experienced → inexperienced(无经验的)
dependent → independent(独立的)
active → inactive(不活跃的)
expensive → inexpensive(便宜的)
direct → indirect(间接的)
complete → incomplete(不完整的)
significant → insignificant(不重要的)
accurate → inaccurate(不精确的)
adequate → inadequate(不充足的)
sufficient → insufficient(不充足的)
patient → impatient(不耐烦的)
possible → impossible(不可能的)
perfect → imperfect(不完美的)
polite → impolite(不礼貌的)
mature → immature(不成熟的)
logical → illogical(不合逻辑的)
legal → illegal(不合法的)
literate → illiterate(不识字的)
responsible → irresponsible(不负责的)
regular → irregular(无规律的)
relevant → irrelevant(不相关的)
replaceable → irreplaceable(不可替代的)
ability → inability(无能力)
capable → incapable(无能力的)
correct → incorrect(不正确的)
effective → ineffective(无效的)
frequent → infrequent(不频繁的)
human → inhuman(不人道的)
justice → injustice(不公正)
moral → immoral(不道德的)
normal → abnormal(不正常的)
practical → impractical(不切实际的)
proper → improper(不恰当的)
sensitive → insensitive(不敏感的)
visible → invisible(看不见的)
3. 否定前缀 dis-
like → dislike(不喜欢)
appear → disappear(消失)
close → disclose(揭露)
cover → discover(发现)
approve → disapprove(不同意)
agree → disagree(不同意)
obey → disobey(不服从)
satisfied → dissatisfied(不满意的)
graceful → disgraceful(可耻的)
honest → dishonest(不诚实的)
advantage → disadvantage(缺点)
ability → disability(残疾)
appoint → disappoint(使失望)
believe → disbelieve(不相信)
comfort → discomfort(不适)
connect → disconnect(断开)
continue → discontinue(停止)
order → disorder(混乱)
organized → disorganized(混乱的)
trust → distrust(不信任)
4. 否定前缀 mis-
lead → mislead(误导)
understand → misunderstand(误解)
understanding → misunderstanding(误解)
trust → mistrust(不信任)
fortune → misfortune(不幸)
judge → misjudge(误判)
place → misplace(放错地方)
spell → misspell(拼错)
take → mistake(错误)
use → misuse(滥用)
5. 否定前缀 non- / anti- / counter-
fiction → non-fiction(非虚构)
sense → nonsense(胡说)
stop → non-stop(不停的)
social → antisocial(反社会的)
bacterial → antibacterial(抗菌的)
attack → counterattack(反击)
四、变副词
1. 一般情况直接加 -ly
adequate → adequately(足够地)
entire → entirely(全部地/彻底地)
complete → completely(完全地/彻底地)
immediate → immediately(立即/马上)
unfortunate → unfortunately(不幸的是)
definite → definitely(确定/肯定/明确地)
safe → safely(安全地)
accurate → accurately(准确地)
sure → surely(无疑/确实)
wise → wisely(明智地)
wide → widely(广泛地)
fluent → fluently(流利地)
actual → actually(事实上)
normal → normally(通常/正常情况下)
surprising → surprisingly(令人惊奇地)
sudden → suddenly(突然)
social → socially(善于交际地/在社会上)
happy → happily(快乐地)
brave → bravely(勇敢地)
careful → carefully(仔细地)
careless → carelessly(粗心地)
clear → clearly(清楚地)
confident → confidently(自信地)
constant → constantly(不断地)
correct → correctly(正确地)
curious → curiously(好奇地)
eager → eagerly(急切地)
exact → exactly(确切地)
final → finally(最终)
frequent → frequently(频繁地)
general → generally(通常)
gradual → gradually(逐渐地)
independent → independently(独立地)
main → mainly(主要地)
medical → medically(医学上)
mental → mentally(精神上)
natural → naturally(自然地)
necessary → necessarily(必然地)
obvious → obviously(明显地)
particular → particularly(特别地)
perfect → perfectly(完美地)
personal → personally(个人而言)
polite → politely(礼貌地)
practical → practically(实际上)
proper → properly(恰当地)
quick → quickly(快速地)
rapid → rapidly(迅速地)
recent → recently(最近)
regular → regularly(定期地)
serious → seriously(严肃地)
similar → similarly(类似地)
special → specially(专门地)
specific → specifically(具体地)
strange → strangely(奇怪地)
strong → strongly(强烈地)
typical → typically(典型地)
useful → usefully(有用地)
usual → usually(通常)
valuable → valuably(有价值地)
violent → violently(猛烈地)
warm → warmly(温暖地)
2. 辅音+y 结尾的变 y 为 ily
lucky → luckily(幸运地)
happy → happily(快乐地)
easy → easily(容易地)
heavy → heavily(沉重地/很大程度上)
angry → angrily(愤怒地)
healthy → healthily(健康地)
3. 以 -ble/-ple/-tle 结尾的把 le 变成 ly
possible → possibly(可能地)
probable → probably(可能地)
comfortable → comfortably(舒服地)
responsible → responsibly(负责地)
gentle → gently(温柔地)
simple → simply(简单地/仅仅)
humble → humbly(谦逊地)
flexible → flexibly(灵活地)
favorable → favorably(赞同地/顺利地)
subtle → subtly(微妙地)
terrible → terribly(很/非常)
able → ably(能干地)
considerable → considerably(相当地)
visible → visibly(明显地)
4. -ic 结尾的加 ally 变副词
authentic → authentically(真实地)
academic → academically(学术上地)
dramatic → dramatically(戏剧性地/显著地)
energetic → energetically(精力充沛地)
periodical → periodically(周期性地)
scientific → scientifically(科学地)
enthusiastic → enthusiastically(热情地)
specific → specifically(具体地/特定地)
basic → basically(基本上)
automatic → automatically(自动地)
economic → economically(经济上)
strategic → strategically(战略上)
systematic → systematically(系统地)
tragic → tragically(悲剧性地)
5. 比较特殊的
due → duly(恰当地/准时地)
true → truly(真正地)
whole → wholly(完全地)
full → fully(完全地/充分地)
public → publicly(公开地)
shy → shyly(害羞地)
dry → dryly(干燥地)
gay → gaily(快乐地)
五、易混辨析
1. -ing 与 -ed 形容词辨析
interesting / interested(令人感兴趣的 / 感兴趣的)
exciting / excited(令人兴奋的 / 兴奋的)
surprising / surprised(令人惊讶的 / 惊讶的)
boring / bored(令人无聊的 / 无聊的)
tiring / tired(令人疲倦的 / 疲倦的)
worrying / worried(令人担忧的 / 担忧的)
amazing / amazed(令人惊奇的 / 惊奇的)
confusing / confused(令人困惑的 / 困惑的)
disappointing / disappointed(令人失望的 / 失望的)
encouraging / encouraged(令人鼓舞的 / 受鼓舞的)
2. -ful 与 -less 辨析
careful / careless(小心的 / 粗心的)
useful / useless(有用的 / 无用的)
hopeful / hopeless(有希望的 / 无望的)
helpful / helpless(有帮助的 / 无助的)
harmful / harmless(有害的 / 无害的)
powerful / powerless(强大的 / 无力的)
meaningful / meaningless(有意义的 / 无意义的)
3. -ic 与 -ical 辨析
economic(经济的)/ economical(节约的)
historic(有历史意义的)/ historical(历史的)
classic(经典的)/ classical(古典的)
六、高频词形变化速记表
| 动词 | 名词 | 形容词 | 副词 |
| create | creation | creative | creatively |
| produce | production | productive | productively |
| compete | competition | competitive | competitively |
| differ | difference | different | differently |
| depend | dependence | dependent | dependently |
| succeed | success | successful | successfully |
| educate | education | educational | educationally |
| inform | information | informative | informatively |
| impress | impression | impressive | impressively |
| contribute | contribution | contributive | contributively |
七、语法填空解题信号词
空格前有冠词/形容词/介词 → 填名词
空格前有系动词/副词 → 填形容词
空格修饰动词/形容词/整句 → 填副词
空格前有 the first/last/only/next → 填 to do
空格前有介词(除 to 外)→ 填 doing
空格与逻辑主语是被动关系 → 填 done
空格与逻辑主语是主动关系且表进行 → 填 doing
空格与逻辑主语是主动关系且表目的/将来 → 填 to do
第二部分 高考英语语法填空:非谓语动词固定搭配全清单
【1】核心判断口诀
| 形式 | 核心含义 | 记忆口诀 |
| to do | 目的、将来、未发生 | “还未做,要去做” |
| doing | 主动、进行、习惯性 | “正在做,已完成” |
| done | 被动、完成、状态 | “被做过,已完成” |
解题三步法:
① 找出句中谓语动词
② 判断非谓语与逻辑主语的主被动关系
③ 确定动作的时间关系(将来/同时/已完成)
【2】只接 to do 作宾语的动词
afford to do sth 负担得起做某事
agree to do sth 同意做某事
arrange to do sth 安排做某事
ask to do sth 要求做某事
choose to do sth 选择做某事
decide to do sth 决定做某事
demand to do sth 要求做某事
determine to do sth 决心做某事
expect to do sth 期待做某事
fail to do sth 未能做某事
happen to do sth 碰巧做某事
hope to do sth 希望做某事
learn to do sth 学习做某事
manage to do sth 设法做成某事
offer to do sth 主动提出做某事
plan to do sth 计划做某事
prepare to do sth 准备做某事
pretend to do sth 假装做某事
promise to do sth 承诺做某事
refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事
tend to do sth 倾向于做某事
wish to do sth 希望做某事
would like to do sth 想要做某事
补充:
aim to do 旨在做
apply to do 申请做
bother to do 费心做
care to do 愿意做
claim to do 声称做
consent to do 同意做
contract to do 签约做
dare to do 敢于做
desire to do 渴望做
endeavor to do 努力做
hesitate to do 犹豫做
long to do 渴望做
mean to do 打算做
opt to do 选择做
proceed to do 继续做
resolve to do 决心做
seek to do 试图做
struggle to do 挣扎着做
swear to do 发誓做
threaten to do 威胁做
undertake to do 承诺做
volunteer to do 自愿做
vow to do 发誓做
yearn to do 渴望做
接 to do 核心动词口诀:
同意提供做计划(agree, offer, intend, plan)
要求答应来帮忙(demand, ask, promise, help)
准备决定遭拒绝(prepare, decide, refuse)
敢于选择有希望(dare, choose, hope, wish, expect, long)
假装付不起想要(fail, pretend, afford)
设法学会不打算(manage, learn, want, would like)
【3】接 sb to do sth 作宾补的动词
advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
ask sb to do sth 请某人做某事
beg sb to do sth 恳求某人做某事
command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事
encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
expect sb to do sth 期望某人做某事
force sb to do sth 强迫某人做某事
get sb to do sth 让某人做某事
help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事(可省)
instruct sb to do sth 指示某人做某事
intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
leave sb to do sth 让某人做某事
make sb do sth 使某人做某事
need sb to do sth 需要某人做某事
order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事
permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
persuade sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
require sb to do sth 要求某人做某事
teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事
tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事
train sb to do sth 训练某人做某事
urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事
want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
warn sb (not) to do sth 警告某人做某事
wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事
inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事
cause sb to do sth 导致某人做某事
补充:
appoint sb to do 任命某人做
authorize sb to do 授权某人做
enable sb to do 使某人能够做
entitle sb to do 使某人有权做
equip sb to do 使某人具备做……的条件
motivate sb to do 激励某人做
prompt sb to do 促使某人做
qualify sb to do 使某人有资格做
stimulate sb to do 刺激某人做
【4】to 为介词的固定搭配(to doing)——易错重点
look forward to doing 期待做某事
pay attention to doing 注意做某事
be used to doing 习惯于做某事
get down to doing 开始认真做某事
lead to doing 导致做某事
contribute to doing 有助于做某事
be accustomed to doing 习惯于做某事
devote oneself to doing 致力于做某事
object to doing 反对做某事
prefer doing to doing 宁愿做……而不愿做……
stick to doing 坚持做某事
admit to doing 承认做过
deny doing 否认做过
when it comes to doing 当谈到做某事时
补充:
be committed to doing 致力于做
be dedicated to doing 致力于做
be opposed to doing 反对做
be addicted to doing 沉迷于做
be given to doing 习惯于做
be reduced to doing 沦落到做
be resigned to doing 听任做
be sentenced to doing 被判处做
come close to doing 差点做
confess to doing 承认做
refer to doing 提到做
see to doing 负责做
take to doing 开始喜欢做
turn to doing 转向做
to 是介词的口诀:
期待习惯和沉迷(look forward to, be used to, be addicted to)
坚持反对和致力(stick to, object to, be devoted to)
注意开始做贡献(pay attention to, get down to, lead/contribute to)
【5】只接 doing 作宾语的动词
admit doing sth 承认做某事
advise/suggest doing sth 建议做某事
allow/permit doing sth 允许做某事
appreciate doing sth 感激做某事
avoid doing sth 避免做某事
consider doing sth 考虑做某事
delay doing sth 推迟做某事
deny doing sth 否认做某事
dislike doing sth 不喜欢做某事
enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事
escape doing sth 逃脱做某事
finish doing sth 完成做某事
forbid doing sth 禁止做某事
give up doing sth 放弃做某事
imagine doing sth 想象做某事
keep doing sth 一直做某事
mind doing sth 介意做某事
miss doing sth 错过做某事
practice doing sth 练习做某事
put off doing sth 推迟做某事
resist doing sth 抵制做某事
risk doing sth 冒险做某事
feel like doing sth 想要做某事
补充:
acknowledge doing 承认做
advocate doing 提倡做
anticipate doing 期待做
celebrate doing 庆祝做
confess doing 承认做
contemplate doing 考虑做
defer doing 推迟做
detest doing 厌恶做
discourage doing 不鼓励做
dread doing 害怕做
endure doing 忍受做
excuse doing 原谅做
fancy doing 想要做
forgive doing 原谅做
involve doing 涉及做
justify doing 证明做……正当
mention doing 提到做
pardon doing 原谅做
postpone doing 推迟做
prevent doing 阻止做
prohibit doing 禁止做
quit doing 停止做
recall doing 回忆起做
recommend doing 推荐做
report doing 报告做
resent doing 讨厌做
resume doing 继续做
tolerate doing 容忍做
understand doing 理解做
接 doing 核心动词口诀:
喜欢练习别错过(enjoy, practice, avoid, miss)
建议考虑禁推迟(suggest, consider, forbid, delay)
承认否认逃冒险(admit, deny, escape, risk)
完成放弃莫想了(finish, give up, mind)
允许想象爱感激(permit, imagine, appreciate)
抵制介意一直记(resist, mind, keep)
情不自已心想要(can't help, feel like)
【6】接 sb doing sth 的动词
see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事
hear sb doing sth 听见某人正在做某事
notice sb doing sth 注意到某人正在做某事
watch sb doing sth 注视某人正在做某事
feel sb doing sth 感觉某人正在做某事
find sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事
catch sb doing sth 撞见/抓住某人正在做某事
keep sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事
have sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事(处于某状态)
leave sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
observe sb doing sth 观察某人做某事
补充:
discover sb doing 发现某人做
listen to sb doing 听某人做
look at sb doing 看某人做
send sb doing 使某人做
set sb doing 使某人做
smell sb doing 闻到某人做
start sb doing 使某人开始做
【7】接 to do 与接 doing 意思不同的动词
| 动词 | + to do(未做/目的) | + doing(已做/动作本身) |
| remember | remember to do 记得要去做 | remember doing 记得做过 |
| forget | forget to do 忘记要去做 | forget doing 忘记做过 |
| regret | regret to do 遗憾地要做(告知坏消息) | regret doing 后悔做过 |
| stop | stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 | stop doing 停止正在做的事 |
| try | try to do 努力/设法做 | try doing 尝试做(试试看) |
| mean | mean to do 打算做 | mean doing 意味着 |
| can't help | can't help (to) do 不能帮助做 | can't help doing 情不自禁做 |
| go on | go on to do 接着做另一件事 | go on doing 继续做同一件事 |
| propose | propose to do 打算做 | propose doing 建议做 |
| learn | learn to do 学习做 | learn doing 学习做(较少用) |
【8】接 sth done 的动词
have sth done 让某事被(找人)做
get sth done 使某事被(找人)做
make sth done 使某事被(被动)
leave sth done 使某物处于……状态
find sth done 发现某事被做
see sth done 看见某事被做
hear sth done 听见某事被做
keep sth done 保持某物被……状态
want sth done 想要某事被做
like sth done 喜欢某事被做
补充:
need sth done 需要某事被做
prefer sth done 宁愿某事被做
wish sth done 希望某事被做
expect sth done 期望某事被做
例句:
I had my hair cut yesterday.
She needs to get my watch repaired.
She raised her voice to make herself heard.
Don't leave your work half done.
I found my bike stolen.
I saw the window broken.
I heard my name called.
Keep the door locked.
I want this work finished by Friday.
I like my eggs boiled.
【9】接 sb to do / sb done 的动词
| 动词 | 主动语态(省略 to) | 被动语态(to 必须还原) |
| make | make sb do 使某人做 | be made to do |
| have | have sb do 让某人做 | 很少用于被动 |
| let | let sb do 让某人做 | 很少用于被动 |
| see | see sb do 看见某人做了 | be seen to do |
| watch | watch sb do 注视某人做 | be watched to do |
| notice | notice sb do 注意到某人做 | be noticed to do |
| observe | observe sb do 观察某人做 | be observed to do |
| hear | hear sb do 听见某人做了 | be heard to do |
| feel | feel sb do 感觉到某人做 | 很少用于被动 |
补充:
listen to sb do → be listened to do
look at sb do → be looked at do
【10】固定句式中的非谓语
| 句式 | 中文释义 | 注意事项 |
| It is + adj + (for/of sb) to do sth | 某人做某事是……的 | 形式主语 it,真主语 to do |
| It is no use/good doing sth | 做某事没用 | 必须用 doing |
| It takes sb + time to do sth | 做某事花了某人……时间 | 必须用 to do |
| have no choice but to do | 别无选择只能做 | 但后用 to do |
| have nothing to do but do | 无事可做只能做 | 前有 do,但后省略 to |
| Why not do sth? | 为什么不做某事? | 用动词原形 |
| had better do than do | 最好做某事 | 用动词原形 |
| would rather do than do | 宁愿做……而不愿做 | 都用动词原形 |
| the first/last to do sth | 第一个/最后一个做…… | 用 to do |
| can't wait to do sth | 迫不及待做某事 | 用 to do |
| be likely to do sth | 很可能做某事 | 用 to do |
| be about to do sth when... | 正要做某事这时…… | 用 to do |
| 疑问词 + to do | what to do / how to do it | 区别于 be used to doing |
| used to do sth | 过去常常做某事 | 区别于 be used to doing |
| be used to do sth | 被用来做某事 | 表用途/目的 |
| be used to doing | 习惯于做某事 | 表习惯 |
补充:
It is said/reported/believed that... 据说/据报道/据认为……
There is no need to do 没必要做
There is no point in doing 做……没意义
It is worth doing 值得做
be busy doing 忙于做
spend time (in) doing 花时间做
waste time (in) doing 浪费时间做
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing 做……有困难
prevent/stop/keep sb from doing 阻止某人做
protect sb from doing 保护某人免受
thank sb for doing 感谢某人做
apologize for doing 为做过的事道歉
insist on doing 坚持做
depend on doing 依赖做
succeed in doing 成功做
be interested in doing 对做……感兴趣
be good at doing 擅长做
be afraid of doing 害怕做
be proud of doing 为做……感到自豪
be tired of doing 厌倦做
be fond of doing 喜欢做
be capable of doing 有能力做
be ashamed of doing 为做……感到羞愧
语法填空常考易错词与非谓语动词固定搭配 · 默写练习版
第一部分 语法填空常考易错词
一、变名词
1. 动词 → 名词
explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/ ______
generous /ˈdʒenərəs/ ______
anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/ ______
curious /ˈkjʊəriəs/ ______
approve /əˈpruːv/ ______
arrive /əˈraɪv/ ______
refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/ ______
survive /səˈvaɪv/ ______
propose /prəˈpəʊz/ ______
withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ ______
argue /ˈɑːɡjuː/ ______
judge /dʒʌdʒ/ ______
brave /breɪv/ ______
participate /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ ______
compete /kəmˈpiːt/ ______
complain /kəmˈpleɪn/ ______
honest /ˈɒnɪst/ ______
describe /dɪˈskraɪb/ ______
consume /kənˈsjuːm/ ______
admit /ədˈmɪt/ ______
submit /səbˈmɪt/ ______
vary /ˈveəri/ ______
recognize /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ ______
pronounce /prəˈnaʊns/ ______
poor /pʊə/ ______
safe /seɪf/ ______
expand /ɪkˈspænd/ ______
popular /ˈpɒpjələ/ ______
emphasize /ˈemfəsaɪz/ ______
compare /kəmˈpeə/ ______
strong /strɒŋ/ ______
expose /ɪkˈspəʊz/ ______
applaud /əˈplɔːd/ ______
fail /feɪl/ ______
wise /waɪz/ ______
choose /tʃuːz/ ______
grow /ɡrəʊ/ ______
true /truː/ ______
combine /kəmˈbaɪn/ ______
assist /əˈsɪst/ ______
represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ ______
able /ˈeɪbl/ ______
capable /ˈkeɪpəbl/ ______
responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ ______
stable /ˈsteɪbl/ ______
flexible /ˈfleksəbl/ ______
available /əˈveɪləbl/ ______
perform /pəˈfɔːm/ ______
accept /əkˈsept/ ______
attend /əˈtend/ ______
guide /ɡaɪd/ ______
differ /ˈdɪfə/ ______
exist /ɪɡˈzɪst/ ______
prefer /prɪˈfɜː/ ______
refer /rɪˈfɜː/ ______
occur /əˈkɜː/ ______
permit /pəˈmɪt/ ______
conclude /kənˈkluːd/ ______
decide /dɪˈsaɪd/ ______
divide /dɪˈvaɪd/ ______
revise /rɪˈvaɪz/ ______
impress /ɪmˈpres/ ______
possess /pəˈzes/ ______
discuss /dɪˈskʌs/ ______
persuade /pəˈsweɪd/ ______
invite /ɪnˈvaɪt/ ______
declare /dɪˈkleə/ ______
prepare /prɪˈpeə/ ______
organize /ˈɔːɡənaɪz/ ______
realize /ˈriːəlaɪz/ ______
apologize /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/ ______
deliver /dɪˈlɪvə/ ______
discover /dɪˈskʌvə/ ______
recover /rɪˈkʌvə/ ______
explore /ɪkˈsplɔː/ ______
2. 形容词 → 名词
kind /kaɪnd/ ______
happy /ˈhæpi/ ______
sad /sæd/ ______
dark /dɑːk/ ______
weak /wiːk/ ______
ill /ɪl/ ______
tired /ˈtaɪəd/ ______
careless /ˈkeələs/ ______
active /ˈæktɪv/ ______
real /rɪəl/ ______
similar /ˈsɪmələ/ ______
diverse /daɪˈvɜːs/ ______
creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/ ______
productive /prəˈdʌktɪv/ ______
secure /sɪˈkjʊə/ ______
sincere /sɪnˈsɪə/ ______
patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ ______
convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ ______
confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ ______
important /ɪmˈpɔːtnt/ ______
different /ˈdɪfrənt/ ______
silent /ˈsaɪlənt/ ______
wide /waɪd/ ______
deep /diːp/ ______
high /haɪ/ ______
long /lɒŋ/ ______
warm /wɔːm/ ______
young /jʌŋ/ ______
3. 名词/动词 → 指人名词
science /ˈsaɪəns/ ______
art /ɑːt/ ______
tour /tʊə/ ______
journal /ˈdʒɜːnl/ ______
physics /ˈfɪzɪks/ ______
chemistry /ˈkemɪstri/ ______
music /ˈmjuːzɪk/ ______
politics /ˈpɒlətɪks/ ______
library /ˈlaɪbrəri/ ______
history /ˈhɪstri/ ______
technique /tekˈniːk/ ______
employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ ______
interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/ ______
train /treɪn/ ______
examine /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ ______
二、变形容词
1. 名词 → 形容词
value /ˈvæljuː/ ______
manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/ ______
change /tʃeɪndʒ/ ______
replace /rɪˈpleɪs/ ______
energy /ˈenədʒi/ ______
scare /skeə/ ______
intelligence /ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/ ______
compete /kəmˈpiːt/ ______
benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ ______
influence /ˈɪnfluəns/ ______
finance /ˈfaɪnæns/ ______
create /kriˈeɪt/ ______
vary /ˈveəri/ ______
taste /teɪst/ ______
pick /pɪk/ ______
stick /stɪk/ ______
courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ ______
stress /stres/ ______
economy /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ ______
care /keə/ ______
hope /həʊp/ ______
harm /hɑːm/ ______
use /juːs/ ______
help /help/ ______
power /ˈpaʊə/ ______
meaning /ˈmiːnɪŋ/ ______
success /səkˈses/ ______
peace /piːs/ ______
beauty /ˈbjuːti/ ______
wonder /ˈwʌndə/ ______
danger /ˈdeɪndʒə/ ______
fame /feɪm/ ______
anxiety /æŋˈzaɪəti/ ______
curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/ ______
nation /ˈneɪʃn/ ______
nature /ˈneɪtʃə/ ______
culture /ˈkʌltʃə/ ______
person /ˈpɜːsn/ ______
tradition /trəˈdɪʃn/ ______
education /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/ ______
medicine /ˈmedsn/ ______
effect /ɪˈfekt/ ______
attract /əˈtrækt/ ______
impress /ɪmˈpres/ ______
expense /ɪkˈspens/ ______
sense /sens/ ______
2. 动词 → 形容词
act /ækt/ ______
attract /əˈtrækt/ ______
decide /dɪˈsaɪd/ ______
depend /dɪˈpend/ ______
differ /ˈdɪfə/ ______
employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ ______
exist /ɪɡˈzɪst/ ______
imagine /ɪˈmædʒɪn/ ______
inform /ɪnˈfɔːm/ ______
innovate /ˈɪnəveɪt/ ______
instruct /ɪnˈstrʌkt/ ______
observe /əbˈzɜːv/ ______
predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ ______
produce /prəˈdjuːs/ ______
rely /rɪˈlaɪ/ ______
respond /rɪˈspɒnd/ ______
sense /sens/ ______
support /səˈpɔːt/ ______
tolerate /ˈtɒləreɪt/ ______
三、变反义词
1. 否定前缀 un-
healthy /ˈhelθi/ ______
friendly /ˈfrendli/ ______
necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ ______
reasonable /ˈriːznəbl/ ______
fortunate /ˈfɔːtʃənət/ ______
comfortable /ˈkʌmftəbl/ ______
usual /ˈjuːʒuəl/ ______
avoidable /əˈvɔɪdəbl/ ______
easy /ˈiːzi/ ______
acceptable /əkˈseptəbl/ ______
affordable /əˈfɔːdəbl/ ______
aware /əˈweə/ ______
certain /ˈsɜːtn/ ______
clear /klɪə/ ______
common /ˈkɒmən/ ______
conscious /ˈkɒnʃəs/ ______
fair /feə/ ______
fit /fɪt/ ______
known /nəʊn/ ______
likely /ˈlaɪkli/ ______
limited /ˈlɪmɪtɪd/ ______
lucky /ˈlʌki/ ______
natural /ˈnætʃrəl/ ______
pleasant /ˈpleznt/ ______
qualified /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd/ ______
real /rɪəl/ ______
safe /seɪf/ ______
satisfied /ˈsætɪsfaɪd/ ______
settled /ˈsetld/ ______
skilled /skɪld/ ______
suitable /ˈsuːtəbl/ ______
tidy /ˈtaɪdi/ ______
willing /ˈwɪlɪŋ/ ______
worthy /ˈwɜːði/ ______
2. 否定前缀 in- 及其变体
efficient /ɪˈfɪʃnt/ ______
consistent /kənˈsɪstənt/ ______
formal /ˈfɔːml/ ______
convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ ______
appropriate /əˈprəʊpriət/ ______
experienced /ɪkˈspɪəriənst/ ______
dependent /dɪˈpendənt/ ______
active /ˈæktɪv/ ______
expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/ ______
direct /dəˈrekt/ ______
complete /kəmˈpliːt/ ______
significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ ______
accurate /ˈækjərət/ ______
adequate /ˈædɪkwət/ ______
sufficient /səˈfɪʃnt/ ______
patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ ______
possible /ˈpɒsəbl/ ______
perfect /ˈpɜːfɪkt/ ______
polite /pəˈlaɪt/ ______
mature /məˈtʃʊə/ ______
logical /ˈlɒdʒɪkl/ ______
legal /ˈliːɡl/ ______
literate /ˈlɪtərət/ ______
responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ ______
regular /ˈreɡjələ/ ______
relevant /ˈreləvənt/ ______
replaceable /rɪˈpleɪsəbl/ ______
ability /əˈbɪləti/ ______
capable /ˈkeɪpəbl/ ______
correct /kəˈrekt/ ______
effective /ɪˈfektɪv/ ______
frequent /ˈfriːkwənt/ ______
human /ˈhjuːmən/ ______
justice /ˈdʒʌstɪs/ ______
moral /ˈmɒrəl/ ______
normal /ˈnɔːml/ ______
practical /ˈpræktɪkl/ ______
proper /ˈprɒpə/ ______
sensitive /ˈsensətɪv/ ______
visible /ˈvɪzəbl/ ______
3. 否定前缀 dis-
like /laɪk/ ______
appear /əˈpɪə/ ______
close /kləʊz/ ______
cover /ˈkʌvə/ ______
approve /əˈpruːv/ ______
agree /əˈɡriː/ ______
obey /əˈbeɪ/ ______
satisfied /ˈsætɪsfaɪd/ ______
graceful /ˈɡreɪsfl/ ______
honest /ˈɒnɪst/ ______
advantage /ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ ______
ability /əˈbɪləti/ ______
appoint /əˈpɔɪnt/ ______
believe /bɪˈliːv/ ______
comfort /ˈkʌmfət/ ______
connect /kəˈnekt/ ______
continue /kənˈtɪnjuː/ ______
order /ˈɔːdə/ ______
organized /ˈɔːɡənaɪzd/ ______
trust /trʌst/ ______
4. 否定前缀 mis-
lead /liːd/ ______
understand /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ ______
understanding /ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ/ ______
trust /trʌst/ ______
fortune /ˈfɔːtʃuːn/ ______
judge /dʒʌdʒ/ ______
place /pleɪs/ ______
spell /spel/ ______
take /teɪk/ ______
use /juːz/ ______
5. 否定前缀 non- / anti- / counter-
fiction /ˈfɪkʃn/ ______
sense /sens/ ______
stop /stɒp/ ______
social /ˈsəʊʃl/ ______
bacterial /bækˈtɪəriəl/ ______
attack /əˈtæk/ ______
四、变副词
1. 一般情况直接加 -ly
adequate /ˈædɪkwət/ ______
entire /ɪnˈtaɪə/ ______
complete /kəmˈpliːt/ ______
immediate /ɪˈmiːdiət/ ______
unfortunate /ʌnˈfɔːtʃənət/ ______
definite /ˈdefɪnət/ ______
safe /seɪf/ ______
accurate /ˈækjərət/ ______
sure /ʃʊə/ ______
wise /waɪz/ ______
wide /waɪd/ ______
fluent /ˈfluːənt/ ______
actual /ˈæktʃuəl/ ______
normal /ˈnɔːml/ ______
surprising /səˈpraɪzɪŋ/ ______
sudden /ˈsʌdn/ ______
social /ˈsəʊʃl/ ______
happy /ˈhæpi/ ______
brave /breɪv/ ______
careful /ˈkeəfl/ ______
careless /ˈkeələs/ ______
clear /klɪə/ ______
confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ ______
constant /ˈkɒnstənt/ ______
correct /kəˈrekt/ ______
curious /ˈkjʊəriəs/ ______
eager /ˈiːɡə/ ______
exact /ɪɡˈzækt/ ______
final /ˈfaɪnl/ ______
frequent /ˈfriːkwənt/ ______
general /ˈdʒenrəl/ ______
gradual /ˈɡrædʒuəl/ ______
independent /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ ______
main /meɪn/ ______
medical /ˈmedɪkl/ ______
mental /ˈmentl/ ______
natural /ˈnætʃrəl/ ______
necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ ______
obvious /ˈɒbviəs/ ______
particular /pəˈtɪkjələ/ ______
perfect /ˈpɜːfɪkt/ ______
personal /ˈpɜːsənl/ ______
polite /pəˈlaɪt/ ______
practical /ˈpræktɪkl/ ______
proper /ˈprɒpə/ ______
quick /kwɪk/ ______
rapid /ˈræpɪd/ ______
recent /ˈriːsnt/ ______
regular /ˈreɡjələ/ ______
serious /ˈsɪəriəs/ ______
similar /ˈsɪmələ/ ______
special /ˈspeʃl/ ______
specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ ______
strange /streɪndʒ/ ______
strong /strɒŋ/ ______
typical /ˈtɪpɪkl/ ______
useful /ˈjuːsfl/ ______
usual /ˈjuːʒuəl/ ______
valuable /ˈvæljuəbl/ ______
violent /ˈvaɪələnt/ ______
warm /wɔːm/ ______
2. 辅音+y 结尾的变 y 为 ily
lucky /ˈlʌki/ ______
happy /ˈhæpi/ ______
easy /ˈiːzi/ ______
heavy /ˈhevi/ ______
angry /ˈæŋɡri/ ______
healthy /ˈhelθi/ ______
3. 以 -ble/-ple/-tle 结尾的把 le 变成 ly
possible /ˈpɒsəbl/ ______
probable /ˈprɒbəbl/ ______
comfortable /ˈkʌmftəbl/ ______
responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ ______
gentle /ˈdʒentl/ ______
simple /ˈsɪmpl/ ______
humble /ˈhʌmbl/ ______
flexible /ˈfleksəbl/ ______
favorable /ˈfeɪvərəbl/ ______
subtle /ˈsʌtl/ ______
terrible /ˈterəbl/ ______
able /ˈeɪbl/ ______
considerable /kənˈsɪdərəbl/ ______
visible /ˈvɪzəbl/ ______
4. -ic 结尾的加 ally 变副词
authentic /ɔːˈθentɪk/ ______
academic /ˌækəˈdemɪk/ ______
dramatic /drəˈmætɪk/ ______
energetic /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/ ______
periodical /ˌpɪəriˈɒdɪkl/ ______
scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ ______
enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/ ______
specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ ______
basic /ˈbeɪsɪk/ ______
automatic /ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk/ ______
economic /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/ ______
strategic /strəˈtiːdʒɪk/ ______
systematic /ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk/ ______
tragic /ˈtrædʒɪk/ ______
5. 比较特殊的
due /djuː/ ______
true /truː/ ______
whole /həʊl/ ______
full /fʊl/ ______
public /ˈpʌblɪk/ ______
shy /ʃaɪ/ ______
dry /draɪ/ ______
gay /ɡeɪ/ ______
五、易混辨析
1. -ing 与 -ed 形容词辨析
interesting / interested ______
exciting / excited ______
surprising / surprised ______
boring / bored ______
tiring / tired ______
worrying / worried ______
amazing / amazed ______
confusing / confused ______
disappointing / disappointed ______
encouraging / encouraged ______
2. -ful 与 -less 辨析
careful / careless ______
useful / useless ______
hopeful / hopeless ______
helpful / helpless ______
harmful / harmless ______
powerful / powerless ______
meaningful / meaningless ______
3. -ic 与 -ical 辨析
economic / economical ______
historic / historical ______
classic / classical ______
六、高频词形变化速记表
| 动词 | 名词 | 形容词 | 副词 |
| create /kriˈeɪt/ | |||
| produce /prəˈdjuːs/ | |||
| compete /kəmˈpiːt/ | |||
| differ /ˈdɪfə/ | |||
| depend /dɪˈpend/ | |||
| succeed /səkˈsiːd/ | |||
| educate /ˈedʒukeɪt/ | |||
| inform /ɪnˈfɔːm/ | |||
| impress /ɪmˈpres/ | |||
| contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ |
七、语法填空解题信号词
空格前有冠词/形容词/介词 → 填 ______
空格前有系动词/副词 → 填 ______
空格修饰动词/形容词/整句 → 填 ______
空格前有 the first/last/only/next → 填 ______
空格前有介词(除 to 外)→ 填 ______
空格与逻辑主语是被动关系 → 填 ______
空格与逻辑主语是主动关系且表进行 → 填 ______
空格与逻辑主语是主动关系且表目的/将来 → 填 ______
第二部分 高考英语语法填空:非谓语动词固定搭配全清单
【1】核心判断口诀
| 形式 | 核心含义 | 记忆口诀 |
| to do | “还未做,要去做” | |
| doing | “正在做,已完成” | |
| done | “被做过,已完成” |
解题三步法:
① 找出句中 ______
② 判断非谓语与逻辑主语的 ______ 关系
③ 确定动作的 ______ 关系(将来/同时/已完成)
【2】只接 to do 作宾语的动词
afford to do sth ______
agree to do sth ______
arrange to do sth ______
ask to do sth ______
choose to do sth ______
decide to do sth ______
demand to do sth ______
determine to do sth ______
expect to do sth ______
fail to do sth ______
happen to do sth ______
hope to do sth ______
learn to do sth ______
manage to do sth ______
offer to do sth ______
plan to do sth ______
prepare to do sth ______
pretend to do sth ______
promise to do sth ______
refuse to do sth ______
tend to do sth ______
wish to do sth ______
would like to do sth ______
补充:
aim to do ______
apply to do ______
bother to do ______
care to do ______
claim to do ______
consent to do ______
contract to do ______
dare to do ______
desire to do ______
endeavor to do ______
hesitate to do ______
long to do ______
mean to do ______
opt to do ______
proceed to do ______
resolve to do ______
seek to do ______
struggle to do ______
swear to do ______
threaten to do ______
undertake to do ______
volunteer to do ______
vow to do ______
yearn to do ______
接 to do 核心动词口诀:
同意提供做计划(agree, offer, intend, plan)
要求答应来帮忙(demand, ask, promise, help)
准备决定遭拒绝(prepare, decide, refuse)
敢于选择有希望(dare, choose, hope, wish, expect, long)
假装付不起想要(fail, pretend, afford)
设法学会不打算(manage, learn, want, would like)
【3】接 sb to do sth 作宾补的动词
advise sb to do sth ______
allow sb to do sth ______
ask sb to do sth ______
beg sb to do sth ______
command sb to do sth ______
encourage sb to do sth ______
expect sb to do sth ______
force sb to do sth ______
get sb to do sth ______
help sb (to) do sth ______
instruct sb to do sth ______
intend sb to do sth ______
invite sb to do sth ______
leave sb to do sth ______
make sb do sth ______
need sb to do sth ______
order sb to do sth ______
permit sb to do sth ______
persuade sb to do sth ______
remind sb to do sth ______
require sb to do sth ______
teach sb to do sth ______
tell sb to do sth ______
train sb to do sth ______
urge sb to do sth ______
want sb to do sth ______
warn sb (not) to do sth ______
wish sb to do sth ______
inspire sb to do sth ______
cause sb to do sth ______
补充:
appoint sb to do ______
authorize sb to do ______
enable sb to do ______
entitle sb to do ______
equip sb to do ______
motivate sb to do ______
prompt sb to do ______
qualify sb to do ______
stimulate sb to do ______
【4】to 为介词的固定搭配(to doing)——易错重点
look forward to doing ______
pay attention to doing ______
be used to doing ______
get down to doing ______
lead to doing ______
contribute to doing ______
be accustomed to doing ______
devote oneself to doing ______
object to doing ______
prefer doing to doing ______
stick to doing ______
admit to doing ______
deny doing ______
when it comes to doing ______
补充:
be committed to doing ______
be dedicated to doing ______
be opposed to doing ______
be addicted to doing ______
be given to doing ______
be reduced to doing ______
be resigned to doing ______
be sentenced to doing ______
come close to doing ______
confess to doing ______
refer to doing ______
see to doing ______
take to doing ______
turn to doing ______
to 是介词的口诀:
期待习惯和沉迷(look forward to, be used to, be addicted to)
坚持反对和致力(stick to, object to, be devoted to)
注意开始做贡献(pay attention to, get down to, lead/contribute to)
【5】只接 doing 作宾语的动词
admit doing sth ______
advise/suggest doing sth ______
allow/permit doing sth ______
appreciate doing sth ______
avoid doing sth ______
consider doing sth ______
delay doing sth ______
deny doing sth ______
dislike doing sth ______
enjoy doing sth ______
escape doing sth ______
finish doing sth ______
forbid doing sth ______
give up doing sth ______
imagine doing sth ______
keep doing sth ______
mind doing sth ______
miss doing sth ______
practice doing sth ______
put off doing sth ______
resist doing sth ______
risk doing sth ______
feel like doing sth ______
补充:
acknowledge doing ______
advocate doing ______
anticipate doing ______
celebrate doing ______
confess doing ______
contemplate doing ______
defer doing ______
detest doing ______
discourage doing ______
dread doing ______
endure doing ______
excuse doing ______
fancy doing ______
forgive doing ______
involve doing ______
justify doing ______
mention doing ______
pardon doing ______
postpone doing ______
prevent doing ______
prohibit doing ______
quit doing ______
recall doing ______
recommend doing ______
report doing ______
resent doing ______
resume doing ______
tolerate doing ______
understand doing ______
接 doing 核心动词口诀:
喜欢练习别错过(enjoy, practice, avoid, miss)
建议考虑禁推迟(suggest, consider, forbid, delay)
承认否认逃冒险(admit, deny, escape, risk)
完成放弃莫想了(finish, give up, mind)
允许想象爱感激(permit, imagine, appreciate)
抵制介意一直记(resist, mind, keep)
情不自已心想要(can't help, feel like)
【6】接 sb doing sth 的动词
see sb doing sth ______
hear sb doing sth ______
notice sb doing sth ______
watch sb doing sth ______
feel sb doing sth ______
find sb doing sth ______
catch sb doing sth ______
keep sb doing sth ______
have sb doing sth ______
leave sb doing sth ______
observe sb doing sth ______
补充:
discover sb doing ______
listen to sb doing ______
look at sb doing ______
send sb doing ______
set sb doing ______
smell sb doing ______
start sb doing ______
【7】接 to do 与接 doing 意思不同的动词
| 动词 | + to do(未做/目的) | + doing(已做/动作本身) |
| remember | ||
| forget | ||
| regret | ||
| stop | ||
| try | ||
| mean | ||
| can't help | ||
| go on | ||
| propose | ||
| learn |
【8】接 sth done 的动词
have sth done ______
get sth done ______
make sth done ______
leave sth done ______
find sth done ______
see sth done ______
hear sth done ______
keep sth done ______
want sth done ______
like sth done ______
补充:
need sth done ______
prefer sth done ______
wish sth done ______
expect sth done ______
例句默写:
I had my hair cut yesterday. ______
She needs to get my watch repaired. ______
She raised her voice to make herself heard. ______
Don't leave your work half done. ______
I found my bike stolen. ______
I saw the window broken. ______
I heard my name called. ______
Keep the door locked. ______
I want this work finished by Friday. ______
I like my eggs boiled. ______
【9】接 sb to do / sb done 的动词
| 动词 | 主动语态(省略 to) | 被动语态(to 必须还原) |
| make | ||
| have | ||
| let | ||
| see | ||
| watch | ||
| notice | ||
| observe | ||
| hear | ||
| feel |
补充:
listen to sb do → ______
look at sb do → ______
【10】固定句式中的非谓语
| 句式 | 中文释义 | 注意事项 |
| It is + adj + (for/of sb) to do sth | 形式主语 it,真主语 to do | |
| It is no use/good doing sth | 必须用 doing | |
| It takes sb + time to do sth | 必须用 to do | |
| have no choice but to do | 但后用 to do | |
| have nothing to do but do | 前有 do,但后省略 to | |
| Why not do sth? | 用动词原形 | |
| had better do than do | 用动词原形 | |
| would rather do than do | 都用动词原形 | |
| the first/last to do sth | 用 to do | |
| can't wait to do sth | 用 to do | |
| be likely to do sth | 用 to do | |
| be about to do sth when... | 用 to do | |
| 疑问词 + to do | 区别于 be used to doing | |
| used to do sth | 区别于 be used to doing | |
| be used to do sth | 表用途/目的 | |
| be used to doing | 表习惯 |
补充:
It is said/reported/believed that... ______
There is no need to do ______
There is no point in doing ______
It is worth doing ______
be busy doing ______
spend time (in) doing ______
waste time (in) doing ______
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing ______
prevent/stop/keep sb from doing ______
protect sb from doing ______
thank sb for doing ______
apologize for doing ______
insist on doing ______
depend on doing ______
succeed in doing ______
be interested in doing ______
be good at doing ______
be afraid of doing ______
be proud of doing ______
be tired of doing ______
be fond of doing ______
be capable of doing ______
be ashamed of doing ______
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