北师大版高中英语选择性必修第一册 Unit 3 Lesson 3 The Road to Destruction 毁灭之路 原文译文重点单词短语长难句文章结构拆解等知识点解读

The Road to Destruction 毁灭之路

【Unit 3 Conservation 保护 · Lesson 3】

一、课文原文及逐段翻译

【原文】 “This morning, it took me 40 minutes to go downtown. More roadworks on the A10!” “Oh really? It took me over an hour. There was an accident on the M11.” How often have you heard these conversations? How often do we get stuck in traffic jams? How often do we arrive at work or school, stressed out, tired and angry? For many people, the answer is every day. But personal anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs socially. Here are some figures about Britain:

【译文】 “今天早上，我花了40分钟去市中心。A10公路上的很多地方在施工!”“真的吗？我花了一个多小时。M11公路上发生了一起事故。”你每隔多久会听到这样的谈话？有多少次我们碰到交通阻塞而动弹不得？又有多少次，当我们抵达工作地点或学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁？对很多人来说，答案是每天。但是和真正的社会损失相比，个人的愤怒和焦虑根本不值一提。以下是一些关于英国的数据：

【原文】 ● In the last 20 years, the number of cars on the roads has gone up by 25%. There are now 32 million cars.
● Over the last decade, an average of 2,500 people have died every year in vehicle accidents.
● Traffic is one of the major causes of global warming and climate change, as car engines produce various types of greenhouse gases.
● Almost 30,000 deaths per year are caused by air pollution.
● Some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution.

【译文】 ●在过去的20年里，道路上的汽车数量增加了25%。现在有3200万辆汽车。
●在过去十年中，每年平均有2500人死于交通事故。
●交通是全球变暖和气候变化的主要原因之一，因为汽车发动机会产生各类温室气体。
●每年有近3万人死于空气污染。
●多种癌症与交通污染有关。

【原文】 We know that cars are bad for us. But we all make excuses: “The buses are terrible”; “The trains are always late”; “I haven’t got time to walk”. I’m talking about myself, too. To be frank, I’m addicted to my car. When I asked Jenny Trowe of Greenpeace for advice about how to give up, she told me five things:

【译文】 我们知道汽车带来的危害，但总能找到借口:“公共汽车很糟糕”“火车总是晚点”“我没有时间走路”。我说的也包括我自己。坦率地说，我离不开车。当我向绿色和平组织的詹妮·特洛维询问如何放弃车时，她给了五条建议：

【原文】 ● Use your legs. In 2014, over 55% of car journeys were under eight kilometres. Instead of taking short car journeys, we could easily walk or cycle. Leg power can save your money, keep you fit and help you live longer. Regular exercise also cuts the risk of heart disease by 50%!
● Use public transport. Up to 90 people can travel in one bus, while the same number will need at least 18 cars. Sometimes it can take a little bit longer, but so what? You can relax, read a book, talk to someone—who knows?
● Think before you go. Do you really have to go to that shopping centre on the other side of town? What about the shops around the corner? Before you get into your car, think about whether you really need to make that journey.
● Share cars. If you really have to use a car, share journeys with someone else. It is much cheaper and kinder to the environment.
● Take action! We often think there is nothing we can do about the noise, pollution and danger of traffic. There is. If your street is full of heavy traffic, talk to your neighbours about it. Write to the papers. Go to the city government. Ask for a speed limit. Do whichever of these things that suit you. Don’t just sit around and complain!

【译文】 ●走路。2014年，超过55%的汽车行程不到8公里。可以轻易地用走路或骑行来代替短途的开车出行。利用脚力行走可以省钱，保持健康并帮助延长寿命。经常锻炼也能降低50%患心脏病的风险！
●使用公共交通工具。一辆公共汽车最多可以乘坐90人，而乘坐小轿车这些人至少需要18辆。有时坐公共汽车可能需要更长的时间，但那又怎样？你可以放松一下、读一本书、和别人交谈——谁知道呢?
●出发之前先想想。你真的要去镇上另一边的那个购物中心吗？拐角处的商店怎么样？在上车之前，想想你是否真的需要开车去那个地方。
●共享汽车。如果不得不用车，与其他人共用一辆车。这样更便宜，也更环保。
●采取行动！我们经常觉得面对噪音、污染和交通危险，自己无能为力。其实可以有所为。如果你那条街的交通繁忙，去和邻居们谈谈，向媒体反映，去市政府，申请设置限速。做你能做的任何事情，别光坐在那里抱怨！

【原文】 All quite simple, isn’t it? Five easy ways to improve our environment. Well, I’m sorry I have to finish this article, but I’ve got to pick up my daughter from school at 4 pm. Then I’ve got to drive to the supermarket to do the shopping. After that, I have to take my son to a party. The traffic is going to be horrible, but what can I do?

【译文】 这些都很简单，不是吗？五种简单方法就可以改善环境。好吧，很抱歉我要结束这篇文章了，因为下午4点我得去学校接女儿。然后开车去超市购物，还得带儿子去参加一个派对。交通将会非常糟，但我能怎么办呢？

二、重点单词

三、一词多义 · 熟词生义

四、重点词块

• get stuck in — 陷入、动弹不得（get stuck in traffic jams）
• stressed out — 压力大到崩溃
• nothing compared to — 与……相比微不足道
• go up by — 增长了（by 25%）
• be related to — 与……有关
• make excuses — 找借口
• to be frank — 坦率地说
• be addicted to — 对……上瘾/沉迷
• instead of — 代替、而不是
• cut the risk by — 把风险降低（by 50%）
• so what — 那又怎样
• think before you go — 出发前先想想
• share journeys — 拼车/共享行程
• take action — 采取行动
• sit around — 闲坐、干坐着

五、长难句拆解

【原句】But personal anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs socially.

【主干】personal anger and stress are nothing.

【分层】compared to the real costs socially 过去分词短语作比较状语（socially 副词修饰，指“社会层面”）。

【翻译】但是和真正的社会损失相比，个人的愤怒和焦虑根本不值一提。

【考点】compared to 作比较状语；nothing 表“微不足道”；socially 副词位置在句末。

【原句】Traffic is one of the major causes of global warming and climate change, as car engines produce various types of greenhouse gases.

【主干】Traffic is one of the major causes.

【分层】one of the major causes of … 名词短语；as 引导原因状语从句（as = because）。

【翻译】交通是全球变暖和气候变化的主要原因之一，因为汽车发动机会产生各类温室气体。

【考点】one of + 复数名词；as 引导原因状语从句。

【原句】Do whichever of these things that suit you.

【主干】Do whichever of these things.

【分层】whichever 引导名词性从句作 do 的宾语（= the things that）；that suit you 定语从句修饰 things。

【翻译】做你能做的任何事情（适合你的那些事）。

【考点】whichever 引导宾语从句兼定语从句；that suit you 定从。

【原句】Well, I’m sorry I have to finish this article, but I’ve got to pick up my daughter from school at 4 pm.

【主干】I’m sorry I have to finish, but I’ve got to pick up my daughter.

【分层】I’m sorry (that) 宾语从句；but 转折；have got to = have to；pick up 短语动词“接（人）”；at 4 pm 时间状语。

【翻译】好吧，很抱歉我要结束这篇文章了，因为下午4点我得去学校接女儿。

【考点】have got to 表“必须”；pick up 接人；but 转折引出反讽式结尾。

六、语法点清单

• 疑问句连用：How often …? 三连问制造语势。
• 现在完成时：has gone up by 25%；have died every year（持续至今）。
• 被动语态：are caused by air pollution。
• 原因状语从句：as car engines produce …
• 比较：nothing compared to …；much cheaper and kinder。
• whichever 引导名词性从句：Do whichever of these things that suit you。
• have got to = have to：表“必须/不得不”（I’ve got to pick up …）。

七、逻辑链

1. 生活化引入（开头对话）：以两段“堵车吐槽”对话切入，三连 How often 把个体经验普遍化，引出“每天如此”。

2. 转折升级（首段尾）：personal anger are nothing compared to the real costs socially——由情绪转向社会成本。

3. 数据轰炸（数据段）：用 5 条英国数据（车辆+25%、年死2500、温室气、年死3万、癌症相关）量化“社会成本”，完成从感性到理性的跃迁。

4. 自嘲过渡（建议前）：we all make excuses + 自陈 addicted to my car，以 Greenpeace 专家的五条建议引出对策。

5. 五步对策（建议段）：Use your legs / public transport / think before you go / share cars / take action——由个人可为之举到社区行动，层层递进。

6. 反讽收尾（末段）：作者刚列完“五种简单方法”，自己却要开车接送娃、购物、赴宴——“what can I do?”以自嘲点破“知易行难”，强化环保紧迫感与读者共鸣。

八、写作迁移（仿写与输出）

模板：… are nothing compared to …

课文句：But personal anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs socially.

仿写：A single postponed trip is nothing compared to the carbon footprint we leave every year.（一次推迟的出行，比起我们每年留下的碳足迹根本不算什么。）——可用于“小与大”对比段。

模板：Don’t just sit around and complain!

课文句：Do whichever of these things that suit you. Don’t just sit around and complain!

仿写：Start with the small things you can control. Don’t just sit around and complain about the weather we have ruined.（从你能掌控的小事做起，别只是坐着抱怨我们亲手毁掉的气候。）——可用于行动呼吁段。